{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:46:43Z","timestamp":1777924003202,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031744426","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031744433","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-74443-3_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T20:03:11Z","timestamp":1734638591000},"page":"43-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Imperfectly Perfect AI Chatbots: Limitations of\u00a0Generative AI, Large Language Models and\u00a0Large Multimodal Models"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Dishita","family":"Naik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishita","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","unstructured":"Achiam, J., et\u00a0al.: GPT-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774 (2023)"},{"key":"3_CR2","unstructured":"Ericksen, M.: The risks of building apps on ChatGPT (2023). https:\/\/fly.io\/blog\/the-risks-of-building-apps-on-chatgpt\/"},{"key":"3_CR3","unstructured":"Gowran, L.M.: OpenAI criticised for lack of transparency around GPT-4 (2023). https:\/\/www.siliconrepublic.com\/machines\/openai-gpt4-transparency-ai-concerns-stripe-chatgpt"},{"key":"3_CR4","unstructured":"Levesque, H., Davis, E., Morgenstern, L.: The winograd schema challenge. In: Thirteenth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (2012)"},{"key":"3_CR5","unstructured":"MindsetAI.ai: ChatGPT AI chatbot: Risks to your Intellectual Property (IP) and how to protect it (2024). https:\/\/www.mindset.ai\/blogs\/chatgpt-ai-chatbotrisks-to-your-intellectual-property-ip-and-how-to-protectit#:~:text=Misuse%20of%20your%20IP%20%2D%20Every,IP%20is%20not%20being%20misused"},{"key":"3_CR6","first-page":"33","volume":"7","author":"M Mori","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mori, M.: Bukimi no tani [the uncanny valley]. Energy 7, 33 (1970)","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2012.2192811","volume":"19","author":"M Mori","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mori, M., MacDorman, K.F., Kageki, N.: The uncanny valley [from the field]. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 19(2), 98\u2013100 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, D., Naik, I., Naik, N.: Applications of AI chatbots based on generative AI, large language models and large multimodal models. In: The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI (The C3AI 2024). Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173121409.91676949\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, D., Naik, I., Naik, N.: Decoder-only transformers: the brains behind generative AI, large language models and large multimodal models. In: The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI (The C3AI 2024). Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173198819.91727188\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, D., Naik, I., Naik, N.: Large data begets large data: studying large language models (LLMs) and its history, types, working, benefits and limitations. In: The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI (The C3AI 2024). Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173198829.97551798\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, D., Naik, I., Naik, N.: Leveraging the use of ChatGPT: exploring its real-world applications including their related ethical and regulatory considerations. In: The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI (The C3AI 2024). Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173121400.09618775\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, D., Naik, I., Naik, N.: Sorry, I am an AI language model: understanding the limitations of ChatGPT. In: The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI (The C3AI 2024). Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173121393.30482183\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, I., Naik, D., Naik, N.: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in chemistry. In: UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI). Springer (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47508-5_42"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, I., Naik, D., Naik, N.: Chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT): comprehending its operational structure, AI techniques, working, features and limitations. In: International Conference on ICT in Business Industry & Government (ICTBIG). IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTBIG59752.2023.10456201"},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, I., Naik, D., Naik, N.: Demystifying the working, types, benefits and limitations of chatbots. In: UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI). Springer (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47508-5_43"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, I., Naik, D., Naik, N.: Investigating the benefits and barriers of using AI chatbots in education. In: The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI (The C3AI 2024). Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173121417.72328214\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, I., Naik, D., Naik, N.: Is ChatGPT effective or disruptive in education? In: The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI (The C3AI 2024). Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173121412.27316885\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naik, D., Naik, I., Naik, N.: How can chatGPT help humans improve their capabilities: understanding the key capabilities of chatGPT (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36227\/techrxiv.173198316.61398608\/v1","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173198316.61398608\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naik, D., Naik, I., Naik, N.: The AI engine of creation: exploring the capabilities of AI chatbots based on generative AI, large language models and large multimodal models (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36227\/techrxiv.173198336.68543189\/v1","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173198336.68543189\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naik, I., Naik, D., Naik, N.: ChatGPT is all you need: untangling its underlying AI models, architecture, training procedure, capabilities, limitations and applications (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36227\/techrxiv.173273427.76836200\/v1","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.173273427.76836200\/v1"},{"key":"3_CR21","unstructured":"OpenAI.com: ChatGPT: Dangerous lack of transparency and informed consent (2023). https:\/\/community.openai.com\/t\/chatgpt-dangerous-lack-of-transparency-and-informed-consent\/46451"},{"key":"3_CR22","unstructured":"OpenAI.com: Data processing addendum (2023). https:\/\/openai.com\/policies\/data-processing-addendum\/"},{"key":"3_CR23","unstructured":"OpenAI.com: March 20 ChatGPT outage: Here\u2019s what happened (2023). https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/march-20-chatgpt-outage\/"},{"key":"3_CR24","unstructured":"OpenAI.com: New ways to manage your data in ChatGPT (2023). https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/new-ways-to-manage-your-data-in-chatgpt\/"},{"key":"3_CR25","unstructured":"OpenAI.com: ChatGPT simple math calculation mistake (2024). https:\/\/community.openai.com\/t\/chatgpt-simple-math-calculation-mistake\/62780\/5"},{"key":"3_CR26","unstructured":"OpenAI.com: Europe Terms of Use (2024). https:\/\/openai.com\/policies\/eu-terms-of-use\/"},{"key":"3_CR27","unstructured":"Petraeus, M.: Cutting through the hype: ChatGPT is impressive, but it is not AI - and may never be (2023). https:\/\/vulcanpost.com\/813857\/chatgpt-is-impressive-but-it-is-not-ai-and-may-never-be\/"},{"key":"3_CR28","unstructured":"Price, C.C.: ChatGPT\u2019s work lacks transparency and that is a problem (2023). https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/commentary\/2023\/05\/chatgpts-work-lacks-transparency-and-that-is-a-problem.html"},{"key":"3_CR29","unstructured":"Raghavan, P.: Gemini image generation got it wrong. We\u2019ll do better (2024). https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/gemini\/gemini-image-generation-issue\/"},{"key":"3_CR30","unstructured":"Reichardt, J.: Robots: Fact, Fiction, and Prediction. Thames and Hudson London (1978)"},{"key":"3_CR31","unstructured":"Shimony, E., Tsarfati, O.: Chatting our way into creating a polymorphic malware (2023). https:\/\/www.cyberark.com\/resources\/threat-research-blog\/chatting-our-way-into-creating-a-polymorphic-malware"},{"key":"3_CR32","unstructured":"Smith, P.: Why even Sam Altman doesn\u2019t trust ChatGPT (2023), https:\/\/www.afr.com\/technology\/why-even-sam-altman-doesn-t-trust-chatgpt-20230615-p5dh02"},{"key":"3_CR33","unstructured":"Stockley, M.: Will ChatGPT write ransomware? yes (2023). https:\/\/www.cyberark.com\/resources\/threat-research-blog\/chatting-our-way-into-creating-a-polymorphic-malware"},{"key":"3_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6710-5_3","volume-title":"Computing Machinery and Intelligence","author":"AM Turing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turing, A.M.: Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","Contributions Presented at The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity and AI, July 3\u20134, 2024, London, UK"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-74443-3_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T20:04:05Z","timestamp":1734638645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-74443-3_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031744426","9783031744433"],"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-74443-3_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2367-3370","2367-3389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2367-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"2367-3389","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"C3AI","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The International Conference on Computing, Communication, Cybersecurity & AI","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"London","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3 July 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4 July 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"c3ai2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.thec3ai.com\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}