{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T21:42:24Z","timestamp":1763415744406,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031744976"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031744983"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-74498-3_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T11:02:30Z","timestamp":1729335750000},"page":"55-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Invited Paper: The Smart Contract Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yackolley","family":"Amoussou-Guenou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3059-8926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"Herlihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Potop-Butucaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-5287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Rajsbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de\u00a0Alfaro, L., Henzinger, T.A.: Interface automata. In: Tjoa, A.M., Gruhn, V. (eds.) Proceedings of the 8th European Software Engineering Conference held jointly with 9th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering 2001, Vienna, Austria, September 10-14, 2001. pp. 109\u2013120. ACM (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/503209.503226"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anceaume, E., Ludinard, R., Potop-Butucaru, M., Tronel, F.: Bitcoin a distributed shared register. In: Spirakis, P.G., Tsigas, P. (eds.) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems - 19th International Symposium, SSS 2017, Boston, MA, USA, November 5-8, 2017, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10616, pp. 456\u2013468. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69084-1_34"},{"key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anceaume, E., Pozzo, A.D., Ludinard, R., Potop-Butucaru, M., Tucci Piergiovanni, S.: Blockchain abstract data type. In: Scheideler, C., Berenbrink, P. (eds.) The 31st ACM on Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, SPAA 2019, Phoenix, AZ, USA, June 22-24, 2019. pp. 349\u2013358. ACM (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3323165.3323183"},{"key":"4_CR4","unstructured":"Anta, A.F., Georgiou, C., Nicolaou, N.: Atomic appends: Selling cars and coordinating armies with multiple distributed ledgers. In: Danos, V., Herlihy, M., Potop-Butucaru, M., Prat, J., Piergiovanni, S.T. (eds.) International Conference on Blockchain Economics, Security and Protocols, Tokenomics 2019, May 6-7, 2019, Paris, France. OASIcs, vol.\u00a071, pp. 5:1\u20135:16. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik (2019)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1145\/3232679.3232691","volume":"49","author":"AF Anta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anta, A.F., Konwar, K.M., Georgiou, C., Nicolaou, N.C.: Formalizing and implementing distributed ledger objects. SIGACT News 49(2), 58\u201376 (2018)","journal-title":"SIGACT News"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-64322-8_5","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"M Bartoletti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartoletti, M., Bracciali, A., Lepore, C., Scalas, A., Zunino, R.: A formal model of algorand smart contracts. In: Borisov, N., Diaz, C. (eds.) Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 93\u2013114. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (2021)"},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belotti, M., Moretti, S., Potop-Butucaru, M., Secci, S.: Game theoretical analysis of cross-chain swaps. In: 40th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, ICDCS 2020, Singapore, November 29 - December 1, 2020. pp. 485\u2013495. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS47774.2020.00060"},{"key":"4_CR8","unstructured":"bitcoinwiki: Atomic cross-chain trading, https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Atomic_cross-chain_trading"},{"key":"4_CR9","unstructured":"Blog, E.: Optimistic rollups (Nov 2022), https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/developers\/docs\/scaling\/optimistic-rollups\/, as of 28 December 2022"},{"key":"4_CR10","unstructured":"Bowe, S., Hopwood, D.: Hashed time-locked contract transactions, https:\/\/github.com\/bitcoin\/bips\/blob\/master\/bip-0199.mediawiki"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canetti, R., Cheung, L., Kaynar, D.K., Lynch, N.A., Pereira, O.: Compositional security for task-pioas. In: 20th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium, CSF 2007, 6-8 July 2007, Venice, Italy. pp. 125\u2013139. IEEE Computer Society (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2007.15"},{"key":"4_CR12","unstructured":"{Chainlink, Inc.}: Chainlink 2.0 and the future of Decentralized Oracle Networks | Chainlink, https:\/\/chain.link\/whitepaper"},{"key":"4_CR13","unstructured":"Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, A.K., Pourdamghani, A.: Probabilistic smart contracts: Secure randomness on the blockchain. CoRR abs\/1902.07986 (2019), http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1902.07986"},{"key":"4_CR14","unstructured":"Civit, P., Potop-Butucaru, M.: Dynamic probabilistic input output automata. In: Scheideler, C. (ed.) 36th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, DISC 2022, October 25-27, 2022, Augusta, Georgia, USA. LIPIcs, vol.\u00a0246, pp. 15:1\u201315:18. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik (2022)"},{"key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21741-3_1","volume-title":"Stabilization, safety, and security of distributed systems","author":"C Decker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Decker, C., Wattenhofer, R.: A fast and scalable payment network with bitcoin duplex micropayment channels. In: Pelc, A., Schwarzmann, A.A. (eds.) Stabilization, safety, and security of distributed systems, pp. 3\u201318. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)"},{"key":"4_CR16","unstructured":"DeCred: Decred cross-chain atomic swapping, https:\/\/github.com\/decred\/atomicswap"},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frey, D., Guillou, L., Raynal, M., Ta\u00efani, F.: Consensus-Free Ledgers When Operations of Distinct Processes are Commutative. In: Malyshkin, V. (ed.) Parallel Computing Technologies, vol. 12942, pp. 359\u2013370. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-86359-3_27, series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86359-3_27"},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garay, J., Kiayias, A., Leonardos, N.: The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol: Analysis and Applications. In: Oswald, E., Fischlin, M. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2015, vol.\u00a09057, pp. 281\u2013310. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_10, series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_10"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garay, J., Kiayias, A., Leonardos, N.: The bitcoin backbone protocol: Analysis and applications. J. ACM 71(4) (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3653445","DOI":"10.1145\/3653445"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Green, M., Miers, I.: Bolt: Anonymous payment channels for decentralized currencies. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (Oct 2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3133956.3134093","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134093"},{"key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guerraoui, R., Kuznetsov, P., Monti, M., Pavlovic, M., Seredinschi, D.A.: The Consensus Number of a Cryptocurrency (Extended Version). ArXiv (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1906.05574, publisher: arXiv Version Number: 1","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1906.05574"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilman, E., Lipmann, S., Goldberg, S.: The arwen trading protocols (Jan 2019), https:\/\/www.arwen.io\/whitepaper.pdf","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51280-4_10"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herlihy, M.: Atomic cross-chain swaps. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing. pp. 245\u2013254. PODC \u201918, ACM, New York, NY, USA (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3212734.3212736, number of pages: 10 Place: Egham, United Kingdom tex.acmid: 3212736","DOI":"10.1145\/3212734.3212736"},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herlihy, M., Liskov, B., Shrira, L.: Cross-chain Deals and Adversarial Commerce. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13(2), 100\u2013113 (Oct 2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3364324.3364326, arXiv: 1905.09743","DOI":"10.14778\/3364324.3364326"},{"key":"4_CR25","unstructured":"Kalodner, H., Goldfeder, S., Chen, X., Weinberg, S.M., Felten, E.W.: Arbitrum: scalable, private smart contracts. In: Proceedings of the 27th USENIX Conference on Security Symposium. pp. 1353\u20131370. SEC\u201918, USENIX Association, USA (Aug 2018)"},{"key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lys, L., Micoulet, A., Potop-Butucaru, M.: R-SWAP: relay based atomic cross-chain swap protocol. In: D\u2019Angelo, G., Michail, O. (eds.) Algorithmic Aspects of Cloud Computing - 6th International Symposium, ALGOCLOUD 2021, Lisbon, Portugal, September 6-7, 2021, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13084, pp. 18\u201337. Springer (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93043-1_2"},{"key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manevich, Y., Akavia, A.: Cross chain atomic swaps in the absence of time via attribute verifiable timed commitments. In: 2022 IEEE 7th European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS &amp;P). pp. 606\u2013625. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (jun 2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EuroSP53844.2022.00044","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP53844.2022.00044"},{"key":"4_CR28","unstructured":"Network, R.: What is the raiden network?, https:\/\/raiden.network\/101.html"},{"key":"4_CR29","unstructured":"Nolan, T.: Atomic swaps using cut and choose (Feb 2016), https:\/\/bitcointalk.org\/index.php?topic=1364951"},{"key":"4_CR30","unstructured":"Organization, T.K.: The BarterDEX whitepaper: A decentralized, open-source cryptocurrency exchange, powered by atomic-swap technology, https:\/\/supernet.org\/en\/technology\/whitepapers\/BarterDEX-Whitepaper-v0.4.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR31","unstructured":"Pagnia, H., Darmstadt, F.C.G.: On the impossibility of fair exchange without a trusted third party (1999), https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:11671049"},{"key":"4_CR32","unstructured":"Poon, J., Dryja, T.: The bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments (Jan 2016), https:\/\/lightning.network\/lightning-network-paper.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR33","unstructured":"Poon, J., Buterin, V.: Plasma: Scalable autonomous smart contracts (2017), https:\/\/www.plasma.io\/plasma.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajsbaum, S., Raynal, M.: Mastering concurrent computing through sequential thinking. Commun. ACM 63(1), 78?87 (dec 2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3363823","DOI":"10.1145\/3363823"},{"key":"4_CR35","unstructured":"Research, A.: Axelar network: Connecting applications with blockchain ecosystems (2022), https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2011.12783.pdf, as of 8 May 2023"},{"key":"4_CR36","unstructured":"Sliwinski, J., Wattenhofer, R.: ABC: Proof-of-Stake without Consensus (Jul 2020), http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1909.10926, arXiv:1909.10926 [cs]"},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tas, E.N., Seres, I.A., Zhang, Y., Melczer, M., Kelkar, M., Bonneau, J., Nikolaenko, V.: Atomic and fair data exchange via blockchain. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2024\/418 (2024), https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2024\/418","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3690248"},{"key":"4_CR38","unstructured":"TechTarget: Cryptocurrency platform Wormhole loses $320M after attack | TechTarget, https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/searchsecurity\/news\/252512957\/Cryptocurrency-platform-Wormhole-loses-320M-after-attack"},{"key":"4_CR39","unstructured":"Yingjie Xue, Maurice Herlihy: Hedging Against Sore Loser Attacks in Cross-Chain Transactions. In: ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (2021)"},{"key":"4_CR40","unstructured":"Zakhary, V., Agrawal, D., El\u00a0Abbadi, A.: Atomic commitment across blockchains. CoRR abs\/1905.02847 (2019), http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1905.02847, arXiv: 1905.02847 tex.bibsource: dblp computer science bibliography, tex.biburl: https:\/\/dblp.org\/rec\/bib\/journals\/corr\/abs-1905-02847 tex.timestamp: Mon, 27 May 2019 13:15:00 +0200"},{"key":"4_CR41","unstructured":"Zappal\u00e0, P., Belotti, M., Potop-Butucaru, M., Secci, S.: Game theoretical framework for analyzing blockchains robustness. In: Gilbert, S. (ed.) 35th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, DISC 2021, October 4-8, 2021, Freiburg, Germany (Virtual Conference). LIPIcs, vol.\u00a0209, pp. 42:1\u201342:18. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik (2021)"},{"key":"4_CR42","unstructured":"Zarick, R., Pellegrino, B., Banister, C.: Layerzero: Trustless omnichain interoperability protocol (2022), https:\/\/layerzero.network\/pdf\/LayerZero_Whitepaper_Release.pdf, as of 8 May 2023"},{"key":"4_CR43","unstructured":"Zyskind, G., Kisagun, C., FromKnecht, C.: Enigma Catalyst: a machine-based investing platform and infrastructure for crypto-assets, https:\/\/www.enigma.co\/enigma_catalyst.pdf"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-74498-3_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T22:02:55Z","timestamp":1735596175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-74498-3_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]]},"ISBN":["9783031744976","9783031744983"],"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-74498-3_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SSS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Symposium on Stabilizing, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Nagoya","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Japan","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20 October 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 October 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"sss2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/sss2024.github.io\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}