{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T22:30:20Z","timestamp":1778106620996,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031777912","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031777929","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-77792-9_17","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T11:52:46Z","timestamp":1732276366000},"page":"271-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Review and\u00a0Comparison of\u00a0Competency Question Engineering Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1320-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Tamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8419-6554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floriana","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0106-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry R.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"17_CR1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00668-6_1","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2018","author":"M Achichi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Achichi, M., Lisena, P., Todorov, K., Troncy, R., Delahousse, J.: DOREMUS: a graph of linked musical works. In: Vrande\u010di\u0107, D., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2018. LNCS, vol. 11137, pp. 3\u201319. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-00668-6_1"},{"key":"17_CR2","unstructured":"Alharbi, R.: Assessing candidate ontologies for reuse. In: Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium at ISWC 2021 (ISWC-DC), pp. 65\u201372 (2021). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:244895203"},{"key":"17_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alharbi, R., Tamma, V., Grasso, F.: Characterising the gap between theory and practice of ontology reuse. In: Proceedings of the 11th on Knowledge Capture Conference. K-CAP \u201921, pp. 217\u2013224. Association for Computing Machinery (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3460210.3493568"},{"key":"17_CR4","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-61000-4_8","volume-title":"Intelligent Information Systems - CAiSE 2024","author":"R Alharbi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alharbi, R., Tamma, V., Grasso, F.: Requirement-based methodological steps to identify ontologies for reuse. In: Islam, S., Sturm, A. (eds.) CAiSE 2024. LNCS, vol. 520, pp. 64\u201372. Springer, Cham (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-61000-4_8"},{"key":"17_CR5","unstructured":"Alharbi, R., Tamma, V., Grasso, F., Payne, T.: An experiment in retrofitting competency questions for existing ontologies (2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2311.05662"},{"key":"17_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alharbi, R., Tamma, V., Grasso, F., Payne, T.: An experiment in retrofitting competency questions for existing ontologies. In: Proceedings of the 39th ACM\/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. SAC \u201924, pp. 1650\u20131658. Association for Computing Machinery (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3605098.3636053"},{"key":"17_CR7","unstructured":"Alharbi, R., Tamma, V., Grasso, F., Payne, T.: The role of Generative AI in competency question retrofitting. In: Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC2024. Hersonissos, Greece (2024)"},{"key":"17_CR8","unstructured":"Antia, M., Keet, C.M.: Assessing and enhancing bottom-up CNL design for competency questions for ontologies. In: Proc. of the Seventh International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2020\/21), pp. 1\u201311. Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) (2021)"},{"key":"17_CR9","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47745-4_16","volume-title":"Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web - KGSWC 2023","author":"M Antia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antia, M., Keet, C.M.: Automating the generation of competency questions for ontologies with AgOCQs. In: Ortiz-Rodriguez, F., Villaz\u00f3n-Terrazas, B., Tiwari, S., Bobed, C. (eds.) KGSWC 2023. LNCS, vol. 14382, pp. 213\u2013227. Springer, Cham (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-47745-4_16"},{"issue":"1","key":"17_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey, H., O\u2019Malley, L.: Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol. 8(1), 19\u201332 (2005)","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"17_CR11","series-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-39141-5_17","volume-title":"Metadata and Semantic Research - MTSR 2022","author":"S Azzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azzi, S., Assi, A., Gagnon, S.: Scoring ontologies for reuse: an approach for fitting semantic requirements. In: Garoufallou, E., Vlachidis, A. (eds.) MTSR 2022. LNCS, vol. 1789, pp. 203\u2013208. Springer, Cham (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-39141-5_17"},{"key":"17_CR12","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47243-5_17","volume-title":"The Semantic Web - ISWC 2023","author":"J de Berardinis","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Berardinis, J., et al.: The Polifonia ontology network: building a semantic backbone for musical heritage. In: Payne, T.R., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2023. LNCS, vol. 14266, pp. 302\u2013322. Springer, Cham (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-47243-5_17"},{"key":"17_CR13","unstructured":"Bezerra, C., Freitas, F.: Verifying description logic ontologies based on competency questions and unit testing. In: Proceedings of the IX Seminar on Ontology Research and I Doctoral and Masters Consortium on Ontologies, vol.\u00a01908, pp. 159\u2013164 (2017)"},{"key":"17_CR14","unstructured":"Bezerra, C., Freitas, F.: Verifying description logic ontologies based on competency questions and unit testing. In: ONTOBRAS, pp. 159\u2013164 (2017)"},{"issue":"2","key":"17_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.21528\/LNLM-vol12-no2-art4","volume":"12","author":"C Bezerra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bezerra, C., Santana, F., Freitas, F.: CQChecker: a tool to check ontologies in OWL-DL using competency questions written in controlled natural language. Learn. Nonlinear Models 12(2), 115\u2013129 (2014)","journal-title":"Learn. Nonlinear Models"},{"issue":"3","key":"17_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AGNT.0000018806.20944.ef","volume":"8","author":"P Bresciani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bresciani, P., Perini, A., Giorgini, P., Giunchiglia, F., Mylopoulos, J.: Tropos: an agent-oriented software development methodology. Auton. Agent. Multi-agent Syst. 8(3), 203\u2013236 (2004)","journal-title":"Auton. Agent. Multi-agent Syst."},{"key":"17_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2024.100822","volume":"82","author":"F Ciroku","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ciroku, F., de Berardinis, J., Kim, J., Mero\u00f1o-Pe\u00f1uela, A., Presutti, V., Simperl, E.: Revont: reverse engineering of competency questions from knowledge graphs via language models. J. Web Semant. 82, 100822 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Web Semant."},{"key":"17_CR18","unstructured":"Dasiopoulou, S., Meditskos, G., Efstathiou, V.: Semantic knowledge structures and representation. Technical report\u00a0D5.1, FP7-288199 Dem@Care: Dementia Ambient Care: Multi-sensing Monitoring for Intelligence Remote Management and Decision Support (2012). http:\/\/www.demcare.eu\/downloads\/D5.1SemanticKnowledgeStructures_andRepresentation.pdf"},{"key":"17_CR19","unstructured":"Debellis, M.: A practical guide to building owl ontologies using prot\u00e9g\u00e9 5.5 and plugins (2021). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/351037551_A_Practical_Guide_to_Building_OWL_Ontologies_Using_Protege_55_and_Plugins"},{"key":"17_CR20","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14418-9_15","volume-title":"Controlled Natural Language","author":"R Denaux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Denaux, R., Dimitrova, V., Cohn, A.G., Dolbear, C., Hart, G.: Rabbit to OWL: ontology authoring with a CNL-based tool. In: Fuchs, N.E. (ed.) CNL 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5972, pp. 246\u2013264. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-14418-9_15"},{"key":"17_CR21","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68288-4_15","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2017","author":"M Dennis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dennis, M., van Deemter, K., Dell\u2019Aglio, D., Pan, J.Z.: Computing authoring tests from competency questions: experimental validation. In: d\u2019Amato, C., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2017. LNCS, vol. 10587, pp. 243\u2013259. Springer, Cham (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-68288-4_15"},{"key":"17_CR22","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17105-5_2","volume-title":"Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management - EKAW 2022","author":"P Espinoza-Arias","year":"2022","unstructured":"Espinoza-Arias, P., Garijo, D., Corcho, O.: Extending ontology engineering practices to facilitate application development. In: Corcho, O., Hollink, L., Kutz, O., Troquard, N., Ekaputra, F.J. (eds.) EKAW 2022. LNCS, vol. 13514, pp. 19\u201335. Springer, Cham (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-17105-5_2"},{"key":"17_CR23","unstructured":"Fathallah, N., Das, A., De\u00a0Giorgis, S., Poltronieri, A., Haase, P., Kovriguina, L.: Neon-GPT: a large language model-powered pipeline for ontology learning. In: Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC2024. Hersonissos, Greece (2024)"},{"issue":"3","key":"17_CR24","first-page":"527","volume":"2","author":"PCB Fernandes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fernandes, P.C.B., Guizzardi, R.S., Guizzardi, G.: Using goal modelling to capture competency questions in ontology-based systems. J. Inf. Data Manag. 2(3), 527 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Data Manag."},{"key":"17_CR25","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21348-0_29","volume-title":"The Semantic Web","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Izquierdo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Izquierdo, A., Poveda-Villal\u00f3n, M., Garc\u00eda-Castro, R.: CORAL: a corpus of ontological requirements annotated with lexico-syntactic patterns. In: Hitzler, P., et al. (eds.) ESWC 2019. LNCS, vol. 11503, pp. 443\u2013458. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-21348-0_29"},{"key":"17_CR26","unstructured":"Funk, M., Hosemann, S., Jung, J.C., Lutz, C.: Towards ontology construction with language models. In: Proceedings of the KBC-LM\u201923: Knowledge Base Construction from Pre-trained Language Models Workshop at ISWC. CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2023)"},{"key":"17_CR27","first-page":"107","volume":"55","author":"A Gangemi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gangemi, A., Lippolis, A.S., Lodi, G., Nuzzolese, A.G.: Automatically drafting ontologies from competency questions with frodo. Stud. Semant. Web 55, 107\u2013121 (2022)","journal-title":"Stud. Semant. Web"},{"key":"17_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao, T., Fodor, P., Kifer, M.: High accuracy question answering via hybrid controlled natural language. In: 2018 IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI), pp. 17\u201324 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WI.2018.0-112","DOI":"10.1109\/WI.2018.0-112"},{"key":"17_CR29","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02671-4_28","volume-title":"On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems. OTM 2018 Conferences","author":"T Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao, T., Fodor, P., Kifer, M.: Knowledge authoring for rule-based reasoning. In: Panetto, H., Debruyne, C., Proper, H.A., Ardagna, C.A., Roman, D., Meersman, R. (eds.) OTM 2018. LNCS, vol. 11230, pp. 461\u2013480. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02671-4_28"},{"key":"17_CR30","series-title":"IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-34847-6_3","volume-title":"Benchmarking \u2014 Theory and Practice","author":"M Gr\u00fcninger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcninger, M., Fox, M.S.: The role of competency questions in enterprise engineering. In: Rolstad\u00e5s, A. (ed.) Benchmarking \u2014 Theory and Practice. IAICT, pp. 22\u201331. Springer, Boston, MA (1995). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-34847-6_3"},{"key":"17_CR31","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-34129-3_39","volume-title":"The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains","author":"CM Keet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keet, C.M., \u0141awrynowicz, A.: Test-driven development of ontologies. In: Sack, H., Blomqvist, E., d\u2019Aquin, M., Ghidini, C., Ponzetto, S.P., Lange, C. (eds.) ESWC 2016. LNCS, vol. 9678, pp. 642\u2013657. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-34129-3_39"},{"key":"17_CR32","series-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36599-8_1","volume-title":"Metadata and Semantic Research","author":"CM Keet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keet, C.M., Mahlaza, Z., Antia, M.-J.: CLaRO: a controlled language for authoring competency questions. In: Garoufallou, E., Fallucchi, F., William De Luca, E. (eds.) MTSR 2019. CCIS, vol. 1057, pp. 3\u201315. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36599-8_1"},{"key":"17_CR33","first-page":"105","volume":"8","author":"HM Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim, H.M., Fox, M.S., Sengupta, A.: How to build enterprise data models to achieve compliance to standards or regulatory requirements (and share data). J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 8, 105\u2013128 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"17_CR34","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B.A., Charters, S.: Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical report. EBSE-2007-001, Keele University and Durham University (2007)"},{"key":"17_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolbe, N., Vandenbussche, P.Y., Kubler, S., Le\u00a0Traon, Y.: Lovbench: ontology ranking benchmark. In: Proceedings of the Web Conference 2020. WWW \u201920, pp. 1750\u20131760. Association for Computing Machinery (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380245"},{"key":"17_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuhn, T.: A survey and classification of controlled natural languages. Comput. Linguist. 40(1), 121\u2013170 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/COLI_a_00168","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00168"},{"key":"17_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, Q., Li, S., Zhang, S., Hu, J., Hu, J.: A review of text corpus-based tourism big data mining. Appl. Sci. 9 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app9163300","DOI":"10.3390\/app9163300"},{"key":"17_CR38","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06981-9_23","volume-title":"The Semantic Web - ESWC 2022","author":"P Lisena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lisena, P., et al.: Capturing the \u201csemantics of smell\u2019\u2019: the Odeuropa data model for olfactory heritage information. In: Groth, P., et al. (eds.) ESWC 2022. LNCS, vol. 13261, pp. 387\u2013405. Springer, Cham (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-06981-9_23"},{"key":"17_CR39","unstructured":"Mays, N., Roberts, E., Popay, J.: Synthesising research evidence. In: Fulop, N., Allen, P., Clarke, A., Black, N. (eds.) Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services: Research Methods. Routledge, London (2001)"},{"key":"17_CR40","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47262-6_3","volume-title":"Conceptual Modeling - ER 2023","author":"GKQ Monfardini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Monfardini, G.K.Q., Salamon, J.S., Barcellos, M.P.: Use of competency questions in ontology engineering: a survey. In: Almeida, J.P.A., Borbinha, J., Guizzardi, G., Link, S., Zdravkovic, J. (eds.) ER 2023. LNCS, vol. 14320, pp. 45\u201364. Springer, Cham (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-47262-6_3"},{"key":"17_CR41","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76298-0_26","volume-title":"The Semantic Web - ISWC ASWC 2007","author":"H Namgoong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Namgoong, H., Kim, H.: Ontology-based controlled natural language editor using CFG with lexical dependency. In: Aberer, K., et al. (eds.) ISWC ASWC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4825, pp. 353\u2013366. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-76298-0_26"},{"key":"17_CR42","unstructured":"Noy, N.F., McGuinness, D.L.: Ontology development 101: a guide to creating your first ontology. Technical report, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical report KSL-01-05 (2001)"},{"key":"17_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.104755","volume":"111","author":"M Poveda-Villal\u00f3n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Poveda-Villal\u00f3n, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Izquierdo, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez, M., Garc\u00eda-Castro, R.: LOT: an industrial oriented ontology engineering framework. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 111, 104755 (2022)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"17_CR44","unstructured":"Presutti, V., Daga, E., Gangemi, A., Blomqvist, E.: Extreme design with content ontology design patterns. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Ontology Patterns, vol.\u00a0516, p. 83\u201397 (2009)"},{"key":"17_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao, L., Reichgelt, H., Osei-Bryson, K.: Knowledge elicitation techniques for deriving competency questions for ontologies. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2008), vol. ISAS-2, pp. 105\u2013110. Barcelona, Spain (2008)","DOI":"10.5220\/0001678701050110"},{"key":"17_CR46","unstructured":"Rebboud, Y., Tailhardat, L., Lisena, P., Troncy, R.: Can LLMs generate competency questions? In: Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC2024. Hersonissos, Greece (2024)"},{"key":"17_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reimers, N., Gurevych, I.: Sentence-BERT: sentence embeddings using Siamese BERT-networks. In: Proc. of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Proceedings and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Proceedings (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pp. 3982\u20133992. Association for Computational Linguistics (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1410"},{"key":"17_CR48","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07443-6_50","volume-title":"The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges","author":"Y Ren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Parvizi, A., Mellish, C., Pan, J.Z., van Deemter, K., Stevens, R.: Towards competency question-driven ontology authoring. In: Presutti, V., d\u2019Amato, C., Gandon, F., d\u2019Aquin, M., Staab, S., Tordai, A. (eds.) ESWC 2014. LNCS, vol. 8465, pp. 752\u2013767. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-07443-6_50"},{"key":"17_CR49","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30796-7_32","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2019","author":"JF Sequeda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sequeda, J.F., Briggs, W.J., Miranker, D.P., Heideman, W.P.: A pay-as-you-go methodology to design and build enterprise knowledge graphs from relational databases. In: Ghidini, C., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2019. LNCS, vol. 11779, pp. 526\u2013545. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-30796-7_32"},{"key":"17_CR50","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01344-7_29","volume-title":"Web Information Systems and Technologies","author":"O Sitthisak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sitthisak, O., Gilbert, L., Davis, H.C.: Transforming a competency model to parameterised questions in assessment. In: Cordeiro, J., Hammoudi, S., Filipe, J. (eds.) WEBIST 2008. LNBIP, vol. 18, pp. 390\u2013403. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-01344-7_29"},{"issue":"2","key":"17_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-150145","volume":"10","author":"MC Su\u00e1rez-Figueroa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Figueroa, M.C., G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez, M.: The neon methodology framework: a scenario-based methodology for ontology development. Appl. Ontol. 10(2), 107\u2013145 (2015)","journal-title":"Appl. Ontol."},{"key":"17_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tailhardat, L., Chabot, Y., Troncy, R.: NORIA-O: an ontology for anomaly detection and incident management in ICT systems. In: Mero\u00f1o Pe\u00f1uela, A., et al. (eds.) ESWC 2024. LNCS, vol. 14665, pp. 21\u201339. Springer, Cham (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-60635-9_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60635-9_2"},{"issue":"11","key":"17_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.02.052","volume":"39","author":"YH Tseng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tseng, Y.H., Ho, Z.P., Yang, K.S., Chen, C.C.: Mining term networks from text collections for crime investigation. Expert Syst. Appl. 39(11), 10082\u201310090 (2012)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"17_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2019.100534","volume":"59","author":"D Wi\u015bniewski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wi\u015bniewski, D., Potoniec, J., \u0141awrynowicz, A., Keet, C.M.: Analysis of ontology competency questions and their formalizations in SPARQL-OWL. J. Web Semant. 59, 100534 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Web Semant."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-77792-9_17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T12:04:33Z","timestamp":1732277073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-77792-9_17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"ISBN":["9783031777912","9783031777929"],"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-77792-9_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"EKAW","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Amsterdam","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The Netherlands","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25 November 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 November 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"24","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ekaw2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/event.cwi.nl\/ekaw2024\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}