{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T02:29:25Z","timestamp":1771381765108,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031804748","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031804755","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-80475-5_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T08:15:54Z","timestamp":1739952954000},"page":"65-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Complexity of Agency in VR Learning Environments: Exploring Associations with Interactivity, Learning Outcomes, and Affect"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen","family":"McGivney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna C. M.","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Roman","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8910-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunny","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9069-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Beams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugy","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5339-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika S.","family":"Woolsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3533-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xander","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5367-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Bailenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Makransky, G., Petersen, G.B.: The Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL): a Theoretical Research-Based Model of Learning in Immersive Virtual Reality. Educ. Psychol. Rev. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-020-09586-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09586-2"},{"key":"5_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson-Glenberg, M.C.: Immersive VR and education: embodied design principles that include gesture and hand controls. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 5 (2018). Accessed: 12 Dec. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2018.00081","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00081"},{"key":"5_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jicol, C., et al.: Effects of emotion and agency on presence in virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201313. ACM, Yokohama Japan (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411764.3445588","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445588"},{"key":"5_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, M.R., Deci, E.L.: Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being, American Psychologist, p. 11 (2000)","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066X.55.1.68"},{"key":"5_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104429","volume":"179","author":"GB Petersen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petersen, G.B., Petkakis, G., Makransky, G.: A study of how immersion and interactivity drive VR learning. Comput. Educ. 179, 104429 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104429","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12567","volume":"37","author":"MC Johnson-Glenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson-Glenberg, M.C., Bartolomea, H., Kalina, E.: Platform is not destiny: embodied learning effects comparing 2D desktop to 3D virtual reality STEM experiences. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 37(5), 1263\u20131284 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12567","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Learn."},{"key":"5_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Queiroz, A.C.M., Fauville, G., Abeles, A.T., Levett, A., Bailenson, J.N.: The efficacy of virtual reality in climate change education increases with amount of body movement and message specificity. Sustainability 15(7), Art. no. 7 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15075814","DOI":"10.3390\/su15075814"},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Queiroz, A.C.M., Fauville, G., Herrera, F, da S. Leme, M.I., Bailenson, J.L.: Do Students Learn Better With Immersive Virtual Reality Videos Than Conventional Videos? A Comparison of Media Effects With Middle School Girls. Technology, Mind, and Behavior 3(3) (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tmb0000082","DOI":"10.1037\/tmb0000082"},{"key":"5_CR9","unstructured":"McGivney, E.: The Impact of Interactivity and Identity on Learners\u2019 Sense of Agency in Virtual Reality Field Trips, Under Review"},{"key":"5_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiroz, A.C.M., et al.: Collaborative tasks in immersive virtual reality increase learning. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, International Society of the Learning Sciences (2023)","DOI":"10.22318\/cscl2023.465996"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1301_1","volume":"13","author":"S Barab","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barab, S., Squire, K.: Design-based research: putting a stake in the ground. J. Learn. Sci. 13(1), 1\u201314 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327809jls1301_1","journal-title":"J. Learn. Sci."},{"key":"5_CR12","unstructured":"ENGAGE (2022). https:\/\/engagevr.io\/"},{"key":"5_CR13","unstructured":"McGivney, E.: Promoting learning, agency, and motivation in STEM classrooms with virtual reality field trips, Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (2023)"},{"key":"5_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han, E., et al.: People, places, and time: a large-scale, longitudinal study of transformed avatars and environmental context in group interaction in the metaverse. J. Comp.-Mediated Comm. 28(2), zmac031 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcmc\/zmac031","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmac031"},{"key":"5_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polito, V.A., Barnier, A.J., Woody, E.Z.: Developing the sense of agency rating scale (SOARS): an empirical measure of agency disruption in hypnosis. Consciousness and Cognition 22(3), 684\u2013696 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2013.04.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.04.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-023-01102-0","volume":"29","author":"T M\u00fchling","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00fchling, T., et al.: Virtual reality in medical emergencies training: benefits, perceived stress, and learning success. Multimedia Syst. 29(4), 2239\u20132252 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-023-01102-0","journal-title":"Multimedia Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12482","volume":"37","author":"J Parong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parong, J., Mayer, R.E.: Cognitive and affective processes for learning science in immersive virtual reality. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 37(1), 226\u2013241 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12482","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Learn."},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-020-00169-2","volume":"8","author":"D Hamilton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamilton, D., McKechnie, J., Edgerton, E., Wilson, C.: Immersive virtual reality as a pedagogical tool in education: a systematic literature review of quantitative learning outcomes and experimental design. J. Comput. Educ. 8(1), 1\u201332 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40692-020-00169-2","journal-title":"J. Comput. Educ."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-80475-5_35","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000}}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Immersive Learning Research Network"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-80475-5_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:48:52Z","timestamp":1770965332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-80475-5_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031804748","9783031804755"],"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-80475-5_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"14 February 2026","order":2,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":3,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"A correction has been published.","order":4,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"iLRN","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Immersive Learning","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Glasgow","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 June 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 June 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"icil2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.immersivelrn.org\/ilrn2024\/home\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}