{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:17:18Z","timestamp":1792264638462,"version":"4.4.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031851339","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031851346","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-85134-6_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1742428880000},"page":"44-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Responsibility in\u00a0Actor-Based Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5321-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christel","family":"Baier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-2586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Kl\u00fcppelholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-3813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008739929481","volume":"15","author":"R Alur","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alur, R., Henzinger, T.A.: Reactive modules. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 15, 7\u201348 (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1008739929481","journal-title":"Formal Methods Syst. Des."},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baier, C., van den Bossche, R., Kl\u00fcppelholz, S., Lehmann, J., Piribauer, J.: Backward responsibility in transition systems using general power indices. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 38, pp. 20320\u201320327 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v38i18.30013","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i18.30013"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baier, C., et al.: From verification to causality-based explications (invited talk). In: 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP), LIPIcs. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik, vol. 198, pp. 1:1\u20131:20 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4230\/LIPICS.ICALP.2021.1","DOI":"10.4230\/LIPICS.ICALP.2021.1"},{"key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baier, C., Funke, F., Majumdar, R.: A game-theoretic account of responsibility allocation. In: Zhi-Hua Zhou (ed.) Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2021. Main Track. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, pp. 1773\u20131779 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/244","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/244"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baier, C., Funke, F., Majumdar, R.: Responsibility attribution in parameterized Markovian models. In: Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 11734\u201311743. AAAI Press (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/AAAI.V35I13.17395","DOI":"10.1609\/AAAI.V35I13.17395"},{"key":"3_CR6","unstructured":"Baier, C., Katoen, J.-P.: Principles of Model Checking. MIT Press (2008). ISBN 978-0-262-02649-9"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ball, T., Naik, M., Rajamani, S.K.: From symptom to cause: localizing errors in counterexample traces. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL 2003, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp. 97\u2013105. Association for Computing Machinery (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/604131.604140. ISBN 1581136285","DOI":"10.1145\/604131.604140"},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/S10703-011-0132-2","volume":"40","author":"I Beer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beer, I., Ben-David, S., Chockler, H., Orni, A., Trefler, R.J.: Explaining counterexamples using causality. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 40(1), 20\u201340 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10703-011-0132-2","journal-title":"Formal Methods Syst. Des."},{"key":"3_CR9","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83723-5_15","volume-title":"Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Tools and Trends","author":"CE Budde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Budde, C.E., et al.: On correctness, precision, and performance in quantitative verification. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA 2020. LNCS, vol. 12479, pp. 216\u2013241. Springer, Cham (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-83723-5_15"},{"key":"3_CR10","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/11609773_12","volume-title":"Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation","author":"B-YE Chang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chang, B.-Y.E., Chlipala, A., Necula, G.C.: A framework for certified program analysis and its applications to mobile-code safety. In: Emerson, E.A., Namjoshi, K.S. (eds.) VMCAI 2006. LNCS, vol. 3855, pp. 174\u2013189. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11609773_12"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chockler, H.: Causality and responsibility for formal verification and beyond. In: G\u00f6ssler, G., Sokolsky, O. (eds.) First Workshop on Causal Reasoning for Embedded and safety-critical Systems Technologies (CREST). EPTCS, vol. 224, pp. 1\u20138 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4204\/EPTCS.224.1","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.224.1"},{"key":"3_CR12","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78800-3_17","volume-title":"Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems","author":"H Chockler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chockler, H., Grumberg, O., Yadgar, A.: Efficient automatic STE refinement using responsibility. In: Ramakrishnan, C.R., Rehof, J. (eds.) TACAS 2008. LNCS, vol. 4963, pp. 233\u2013248. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-78800-3_17"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1613\/JAIR.1391","volume":"22","author":"H Chockler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chockler, H., Halpern, J.Y.: Responsibility and blame: a structural-model approach. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 22, 93\u2013115 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1613\/JAIR.1391","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chockler, H., Halpern, J.Y., Kupferman, O.: What causes a system to satisfy a specification? ACM Trans. Comput. Log. 9(3), 20:1\u201320:26 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1352582.1352588","DOI":"10.1145\/1352582.1352588"},{"key":"3_CR15","unstructured":"Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.A.: Model Checking, 1st edn. MIT Press (2001). http:\/\/books.google.de\/books?id=Nmc4wEaLXFEC. ISBN 978-0-262-03270-4"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clarke, E.M., Henzinger, T.A., Veith, H., Bloem, R. (eds.): Handbook of Model Checking. Springer (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-10575-8. ISBN 978-3-319-10574-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10575-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/S00146-022-01481-4","volume":"38","author":"M Dastani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dastani, M., Yazdanpanah, V.: Responsibility of AI systems. AI Soc. 38(2), 843\u2013852 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00146-022-01481-4","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"3_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fijalkow, N., et al.: Games on graphs. CoRR abs\/2305.10546 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2305.10546","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2305.10546"},{"key":"3_CR19","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36387-4","volume-title":"Automata Logics, and Infinite Games","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gr\u00e4del, E., Thomas, W., Wilke, T. (eds.): Automata Logics, and Infinite Games. LNCS, vol. 2500. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-36387-4"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-005-0202-0","volume":"8","author":"A Groce","year":"2006","unstructured":"Groce, A., Chaki, S., Kroening, D., Strichman, O.: Error explanation with distance metrics. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transfer 8, 229\u2013247 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10009-005-0202-0","journal-title":"Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transfer"},{"key":"3_CR21","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44829-2_8","volume-title":"Model Checking Software","author":"A Groce","year":"2003","unstructured":"Groce, A., Visser, W.: What went wrong: explaining counterexamples. In: Ball, T., Rajamani, S.K. (eds.) SPIN 2003. LNCS, vol. 2648, pp. 121\u2013136. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44829-2_8"},{"key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halpern, J.Y., Pearl, J.: Causes and explanations: a structural-model approach. Part I: Causes. Br. J. Philos. Sci. (2005)","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/axi147"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halpern, J.Y., Pearl, J.: Causes and explanations: a structural-model approach. Part II: Explanations. Br. J. Philos. Sci. (2005)","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/axi148"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halpern, J.Y.: A modification of the Halpern-Pearl definition of causality. In: IJCAI, pp. 3022\u20133033. AAAI Press (2015)","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262035026.003.0002"},{"key":"3_CR25","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45657-0_45","volume-title":"Computer Aided Verification","author":"TA Henzinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Henzinger, T.A., Necula, G.C., Jhala, R., Sutre, G., Majumdar, R., Weimer, W.: Temporal-safety proofs for systems code. In: Brinksma, E., Larsen, K.G. (eds.) CAV 2002. LNCS, vol. 2404, pp. 526\u2013538. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45657-0_45"},{"key":"3_CR26","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32582-8_8","volume-title":"Model Checking Software","author":"M Hofmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hofmann, M., Neukirchen, C., Rue\u00df, H.: Certification for $$\\mu $$-calculus with winning strategies. In: Bo\u0161na\u010dki, D., Wijs, A. (eds.) SPIN 2016. LNCS, vol. 9641, pp. 111\u2013128. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-32582-8_8"},{"key":"3_CR27","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22110-1_47","volume-title":"Computer Aided Verification","author":"M Kwiatkowska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: PRISM 4.0: verification of probabilistic real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 585\u2013591. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-22110-1_47"},{"key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: The PRISM benchmark suite. In: 9th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of SysTems, pp. 203\u2013204. IEEE CS Press (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/QEST.2012.14","DOI":"10.1109\/QEST.2012.14"},{"key":"3_CR29","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46675-9_8","volume-title":"Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering","author":"D Landsberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Landsberg, D., Chockler, H., Kroening, D., Lewis, M.: Evaluation of measures for statistical fault localisation and an optimising scheme. In: Egyed, A., Schaefer, I. (eds.) FASE 2015. LNCS, vol. 9033, pp. 115\u2013129. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-46675-9_8"},{"key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lehmann, J.: Tool to compute actor-based responsibility (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13738447","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.13738447"},{"key":"3_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leitner-Fischer, F., Leue, S.: SpinCause: a tool for causality checking. In: International Symposium on Model Checking of Software (SPIN), pp. 117\u2013120. ACM (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2632362.2632371","DOI":"10.1145\/2632362.2632371"},{"key":"3_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leroy, X.: A formally verified compiler back-end. J. Autom. Reason. 43(4), 363\u2013446 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10817-009-9155-4. http:\/\/xavierleroy.org\/publi\/compcert-backend.pdf","DOI":"10.1007\/s10817-009-9155-4"},{"key":"3_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mascle, C., Baier, C., Funke, F., Jantsch, S., Kiefer, S.: Responsibility and verification: importance value in temporal logics. In: 36th Annual ACM\/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS), pp. 1\u201314. IEEE (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LICS52264.2021.9470597","DOI":"10.1109\/LICS52264.2021.9470597"},{"key":"3_CR34","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44585-4_2","volume-title":"Computer Aided Verification","author":"KS Namjoshi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Namjoshi, K.S.: Certifying model checkers. In: Berry, G., Comon, H., Finkel, A. (eds.) CAV 2001. LNCS, vol. 2102, pp. 2\u201313. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44585-4_2"},{"key":"3_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Necula, G.C.: Proof-carrying code. In: van Tilborg, H.C.A., Jajodia, S. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, 2nd edn., pp. 984\u2013986. Springer, Cham (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-5906-5_864","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5906-5_864"},{"key":"3_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van de Poel, I.: The relation between forward-looking and backward-looking responsibility. In: Vincent, N.A., van de Poel, I., van den Hoven, J. (eds.) Moral Responsibility: Beyond Free Will and Determinism, pp. 37\u201352. Springer, Dordrecht (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-1878-4_3. ISBN 978- 94-007-1878-4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1878-4_3"},{"key":"3_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapley, L.S.: A value for n-person games. Contrib. Theory Games 2 (1953)","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400881970-018"},{"key":"3_CR38","first-page":"2025","volume":"3","author":"E Winter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Winter, E.: The shapley value. Handb. Game Theory Econ. Appl. 3, 2025\u20132054 (2002)","journal-title":"Handb. Game Theory Econ. Appl."},{"key":"3_CR39","unstructured":"Yazdanpanah, V., Dastani, M., Jamroga, W., Alechina, N., Logan, B.: Strategic responsibility under imperfect information. In: Elkind, E., Veloso, M., Agmon, N., Taylor, M.E. (eds.) Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, AAMAS 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada, 13\u201317 May 2019. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 592\u2013600 (2019). http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=3331745"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Rebeca for Actor Analysis in Action"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-85134-6_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T04:38:30Z","timestamp":1743482310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-85134-6_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031851339","9783031851346"],"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-85134-6_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}