{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:04:57Z","timestamp":1757617497787,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031859595"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031859601"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-85960-1_15","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T07:24:45Z","timestamp":1741245885000},"page":"361-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterizing Anycast Flipping: Prevalence and\u00a0Impact"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shihan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tingshan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Schomp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"BGP Bestpath AS-Path Multipath-Relax (2018). https:\/\/community.cisco.com\/t5\/routing\/bgp-bestpath-as-path-multipath-relax\/td-p\/3709661","key":"15_CR1"},{"unstructured":"BGP User Guide: multipath (Protocols BGP) (2023). https:\/\/www.juniper.net\/documentation\/us\/en\/software\/junos\/bgp\/topics\/ref\/statement\/multipath-edit-protocols-bgp.html","key":"15_CR2"},{"unstructured":"Bright data, online proxy and web scraping platform (2023). https:\/\/brightdata.com\/","key":"15_CR3"},{"unstructured":"Browsertime (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/sitespeedio\/browsertime","key":"15_CR4"},{"unstructured":"First contentful paint (FCP) (2023). https:\/\/web.dev\/fcp","key":"15_CR5"},{"unstructured":"root-servers.org (2023). http:\/\/www.root-servers.org","key":"15_CR6"},{"unstructured":"Bright initiative, collaborative data solutions (2024). https:\/\/brightinitiative.com","key":"15_CR7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, R., Cunha, I., Teixeira, R., Veitch, D., Diot, C.: Classification of load balancing in the internet. In: Proceedings of INFOCOM, pp. 1987\u20131996 (2020)","key":"15_CR8","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155387"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augustin, B., et al.: Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 153\u2013158. ACM (2006)","key":"15_CR9","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177100"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augustin, B., Friedman, T., Teixeira, R.: Multipath tracing with Paris traceroute. In: Workshop on End-to-End Monitoring Techniques and Services, pp.\u00a01\u20138. IEEE (2007)","key":"15_CR10","DOI":"10.1109\/E2EMON.2007.375313"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballani, H., Francis, P., Ratnasamy, S.: A measurement-based deployment proposal for IP anycast. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 231\u2013244. ACM (2006)","key":"15_CR11","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177109"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beverly, R.: Yarrp\u2019ing the internet: randomized high-speed active topology discovery. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference, pp. 413\u2013420. ACM (2016)","key":"15_CR12","DOI":"10.1145\/2987443.2987479"},{"unstructured":"BrightData: Session IP persistence (2023). https:\/\/help.brightdata.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/4413171447953-Session-IP-persistence","key":"15_CR13"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calder, M., Flavel, A., Katz-Bassett, E., Mahajan, R., Padhye, J.: Analyzing the performance of an anycast CDN. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 531\u2013537. ACM (2015)","key":"15_CR14","DOI":"10.1145\/2815675.2815717"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chhabra, R., Murley, P., Kumar, D., Bailey, M., Wang, G.: Measuring DNS-over-HTTPS performance around the world. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 351\u2013365. ACM (2021)","key":"15_CR15","DOI":"10.1145\/3487552.3487849"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conrad, D.R., Woolf, S.: Requirements for a mechanism identifying a name server instance. RFC 4892 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17487\/RFC4892, https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/info\/rfc4892","key":"15_CR16","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC4892"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De\u00a0Vries, W.B., de\u00a0O.\u00a0Schmidt, R., Hardaker, W., Heidemann, J., de\u00a0Boer, P.T., Pras, A.: Broad and load-aware anycast mapping with Verfploeter. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 477\u2013488. ACM (2017)","key":"15_CR17","DOI":"10.1145\/3131365.3131371"},{"unstructured":"Duplyakin, D., et al.: The design and operation of CloudLab. In: Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC), pp. 1\u201314 (2019)","key":"15_CR18"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rekhter, Y., Li, T., Hares, S.: A border gateway protocol 4 (BGP-4). RFC\u00a04271, RFC Editor (2006)","key":"15_CR19","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4271"},{"unstructured":"United Nations Economic Commission for Europea: UN\/LOCODE code list by country and territory $$|$$ UNECE (2022). https:\/\/unece.org\/trade\/cefact\/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory","key":"15_CR20"},{"unstructured":"Giordano, D., et al.: A first characterization of anycast traffic from passive traces. In: Traffic Monitoring and Analysis workshop (TMA) (2016)","key":"15_CR21"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray, C., et al.: BGP beacons, network tomography, and Bayesian computation to locate route flap damping. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 492\u2013505. ACM (2020)","key":"15_CR22","DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423624"},{"unstructured":"(IATA), T.I.A.T.A.: IATA Airport Code (2022). https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/publications\/directories\/code-search\/","key":"15_CR23"},{"unstructured":"ipinfo.io: IP Info (2023). https:\/\/ipinfo.io\/","key":"15_CR24"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, T., Li, K., Ardi, C., Katz-Bassett, E., Calder, M., Heidemann, J.: Anycast in context: a tale of two systems. In: Proceedings of SIGCOMM, pp. 398\u2013417. ACM (2021)","key":"15_CR25","DOI":"10.1145\/3452296.3472891"},{"unstructured":"Lapukhov, P., Tantsura, J.: Equal-cost multipath considerations for BGP. Internet Draft (2023)","key":"15_CR26"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lentz, M., Levin, D., Castonguay, J., Spring, N., Bhattacharjee, B.: D-mystifying the D-root address change. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 57\u201362. ACM (2013)","key":"15_CR27","DOI":"10.1145\/2504730.2504772"},{"unstructured":"Levine, M., Lyon, B., Underwood, T.: TCP anycast: don\u2019t believe the FUD - operational experience with TCP and Anycast. NANOG 37 (2006)","key":"15_CR28"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, J., Jiang, J., Duan, H., Li, K., Wu, J.: Measuring query latency of top level DNS servers. In: Proceedings of PAM, pp. 145\u2013154. Springer (2013)","key":"15_CR29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36516-4_15"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Huffaker, B., Fomenkov, M., Brownlee, N., et al.: Two days in the life of the DNS anycast root servers. In: Proceedings of PAM, pp. 125\u2013134. Springer (2007)","key":"15_CR30","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71617-4_13"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1109\/4236.991450","volume":"6","author":"C Metz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Metz, C.: IP anycast point-to-(any) point communication. IEEE Internet Comput. 6(2), 94\u201398 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moura, G.C., et al.: Anycast vs. DDoS: evaluating the November 2015 root DNS event. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 255\u2013270. ACM (2016)","key":"15_CR32","DOI":"10.1145\/2987443.2987446"},{"unstructured":"Netravali, R., et al.: Mahimahi: accurate record-and-replay for HTTP. In: Proceedings of ATC, pp. 417\u2013429. USENIX Association (2015)","key":"15_CR33"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de\u00a0Oliveira\u00a0Schmidt, R., Heidemann, J., Kuipers, J.H.: Anycast latency: how many sites are enough? In: Proceedings of PAM, pp. 188\u2013200. Springer (2017)","key":"15_CR34","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54328-4_14"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partridge, C., Mendez, T., Milliken, W.: Host anycasting service. RFC\u00a01546, RFC Editor (1993)","key":"15_CR35","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc1546"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1145\/248157.248160","volume":"26","author":"V Paxson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paxson, V.: End-to-end routing behavior in the internet. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 26(4), 25\u201338 (1996)","journal-title":"SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"unstructured":"Pochat, V.L., Van\u00a0Goethem, T., Tajalizadehkhoob, S., Korczy\u0144ski, M., Joosen, W.: Tranco: a research-oriented top sites ranking hardened against manipulation. In: Proceedings of NDSS. ISOC (2019)","key":"15_CR37"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randall, A., et al.: Home is where the hijacking is: understanding DNS interception by residential routers. In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 390\u2013397. ACM (2021)","key":"15_CR38","DOI":"10.1145\/3487552.3487817"},{"unstructured":"RIPE: RIPE Built-in Measurements (2023). https:\/\/atlas.ripe.net\/docs\/built-in-measurements\/","key":"15_CR39"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sander, C., Bl\u00f6cher, L., Wehrle, K., R\u00fcth, J.: Sharding and HTTP\/2 connection reuse revisited: why are there still redundant connections? In: Proceedings of IMC, pp. 292\u2013301 (2021)","key":"15_CR40","DOI":"10.1145\/3487552.3487832"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarat, S., Pappas, V., Terzis, A.: On the use of anycast in DNS. In: Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp. 71\u201378. IEEE (2006)","key":"15_CR41","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2006.286248"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/3431832.3431834","volume":"50","author":"K Schomp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schomp, K., Al-Dalky, R.: Partitioning the internet using anycast catchments. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 50(4), 3\u20139 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3431832.3431834","journal-title":"SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schomp, K., Bhardwaj, O., Kurdoglu, E., Muhaimen, M., Sitaraman, R.K.: Akamai DNS: providing authoritative answers to the world\u2019s queries. In: Proceedings of SIGCOMM, pp. 465\u2013478. ACM (2020)","key":"15_CR43","DOI":"10.1145\/3387514.3405881"},{"unstructured":"Staff, R.N.: Ripe atlas: a global internet measurement network. Internet Protocol J. 18(3) (2015)","key":"15_CR44"},{"unstructured":"Technologies, A.: Prolexic routed (2020). https:\/\/www.akamai.com\/us\/en\/multimedia\/documents\/product-brief\/prolexic-routed-product-brief.pdf","key":"15_CR45"},{"unstructured":"Vermeulen, K., Rohrer, J.P., Beverly, R., Fourmaux, O., Friedman, T.: Diamond-miner: comprehensive discovery of the internet\u2019s topology diamonds. In: Proceedings of NSDI, pp. 479\u2013493. USENIX Association (2020)","key":"15_CR46"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villamizar, C., Chandra, R., Govindan, D.R.: BGP route flap damping. RFC\u00a02439, RFC Editor (1998)","key":"15_CR47","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc2439"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de\u00a0Vries, W.B., Aljamm\u0101z, S., van Rijswijk-Deij, R.: Global-scale anycast network management with Verfploeter. In: Proceedings of Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), pp.\u00a01\u20139. IEEE (2020)","key":"15_CR48","DOI":"10.1109\/NOMS47738.2020.9110449"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, L., Heidemann, J.: Does anycast hang up on you? In: Proceedings of Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA), pp.\u00a01\u20139. IEEE (2017)","key":"15_CR49","DOI":"10.23919\/TMA.2017.8002905"},{"issue":"2","key":"15_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2018.2804884","volume":"15","author":"L Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei, L., Heidemann, J.: Does anycast hang up on you (UDP and TCP)? IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage. (TNSM) 15(2), 707\u2013717 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage. (TNSM)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., et al.: AnyOpt: predicting and optimizing IP anycast performance. In: Proceedings of SIGCOMM, pp. 447\u2013462. ACM (2021)","key":"15_CR51","DOI":"10.1145\/3452296.3472935"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Passive and Active Measurement"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-85960-1_15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T06:56:38Z","timestamp":1757141798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-85960-1_15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031859595","9783031859601"],"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-85960-1_15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"PAM","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"pam2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/udesa.edu.ar\/pam25","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}