{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:03:29Z","timestamp":1780491809495,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031885303","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031885310","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-88531-0_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T02:50:33Z","timestamp":1743562233000},"page":"197-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Requirements Representations in\u00a0Machine Learning-Based Automotive Perception Systems Development for\u00a0Multi-party Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7562-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hina","family":"Saeeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Rohacova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Jakobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2427-6875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Martin","family":"Heyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6631-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Knauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Knauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2019-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Horkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, A.P.S., et\u00a0al.: Status quo and problems of requirements engineering for machine learning: results from an int. survey, pp. 159\u2013174 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-49266-2_11"},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bjarnason, E., Wnuk, K., Regnell, B.: Requirements are slipping through the gaps - a case study on causes & effects of communication gaps in large-scale software development. In: 2011 IEEE 19th International Conference on Requirements Engineering, pp. 37\u201346 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RE.2011.6051639","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2011.6051639"},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colwell, I., Phan, B., Saleem, S., Salay, R., Czarnecki, K.: An automated vehicle safety concept based on runtime restriction of the operational design domain, pp. 1910\u20131917. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proc (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500530"},{"key":"14_CR4","unstructured":"Commission, E.: Regulation of the European parliament and of the council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence act). COM\/2021\/206 final (2023). https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206, proposal for a regulation"},{"key":"14_CR5","unstructured":"of\u00a0Gothenburg, U.: Facilitating multi-party engineering of requirements (FAMER). https:\/\/ffi-famer.github.io\/. Accessed 10 Dec 2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR6","first-page":"283","volume":"28","author":"KM Habibullah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Habibullah, K.M., Gay, G., Horkoff, J.: Non-functional requirements for machine learning: understanding current use and challenges among practitioners. REJ 28(2), 283\u2013316 (2023)","journal-title":"REJ"},{"key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habibullah, K.M., et al.: Requirements engineering for automotive perception systems: an interview study. In: REFSQ, pp. 189\u2013205. Springer (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-29786-1_13"},{"key":"14_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henriksson, J., Borg, M., Englund, C.: Automotive safety and machine learning: initial results from a study on how to adapt the ISO 26262 safety standard. In: 2018 IEEE\/ACM 1st International Workshop on SE for AI in Autonomous Systems (SEFAIAS), pp. 47\u201349 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3194085.3194090"},{"key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heyn, H.M., et al.: Automotive perception software development: an empirical investigation into data, annotation, and ecosystem challenges. In: 2023 IEEE\/ACM 2nd International Conference on AI Engineering - Software Engineering for AI (CAIN), pp. 13\u201324 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CAIN58948.2023.00011"},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heyn, H.M., et al.: Requirement engineering challenges for AI-intense systems development. In: 2021 IEEE\/ACM 1st Workshop on AI Engineering - SE for AI (WAIN), pp. 89\u201396 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/WAIN52551.2021.00020"},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heyn, H.M., Subbiah, P., Linder, J., Knauss, E., Eriksson, O.: Setting AI in context: a case study on defining the context and operational design domain for automated driving. In: REFSQ, pp. 199\u2013215. Springer (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98464-9_16"},{"key":"14_CR12","unstructured":"ISO: ISO 26262:2018: Road vehicles - Functional safety. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva (2018). www.iso.org"},{"key":"14_CR13","unstructured":"ISO: ISO 21434:2021: Road vehicles - Cybersecurity engineering. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva (2021). www.iso.org"},{"key":"14_CR14","unstructured":"ISO: ISO 15288:2023: Systems and software engineering - System life cycle processes. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva (2023). www.iso.org"},{"key":"14_CR15","unstructured":"ISO\/CD PAS 8800, Road Vehicles - Safety and artificial intelligence. Standard, ISO, Geneva, CH (2024)"},{"key":"14_CR16","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC 23053:2022, Framework for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems Using Machine Learning (ML). Standard, ISO, Geneva, CH (2022)"},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krammer, M., Marko, N., Armengaud, E., Geyer, D., Griessnig, G.: Improving methods and processes for the development of safety-critical automotive embedded systems. In: 2010 IEEE 15th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2010), pp.\u00a01\u20134 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2010.5641177"},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marczak, S., Damian, D.: How interaction between roles shapes the communication structure in requirements-driven collaboration. In: 2011 IEEE 19th International Requirements Engineering Conference, pp. 47\u201356 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2011.6051643"},{"key":"14_CR19","first-page":"71","volume":"75","author":"L Martins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martins, L., Gorschek, T.: Requirements engineering for safety-critical systems: a systematic literature review. IST 75, 71\u201389 (2016)","journal-title":"IST"},{"key":"14_CR20","unstructured":"McNamara, C.: General guidelines for conducting research interviews. http:\/\/managementhelp.org\/businessresearch\/interviews.htm. Accessed 11 Oct 2024"},{"key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendiboure, L., Benzagouta, M.L., Gruyer, D., Sylla, T., Adedjouma, M., Hedhli, A.: Operational design domain for automated driving systems: taxonomy definition and application. In: 2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symptoms (IV), pp.\u00a01\u20136 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/IV55152.2023.10186765"},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myklebust, T., St\u00e5lhane, T.: Functional safety and proof of compliance. Springer (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86152-0"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahar, N., Zhou, S., Lewis, G., K\u00e4stner, C.: Collaboration challenges in building ml-enabled systems: Communication, documentation, engineering, and process. In: Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on SE, pp. 413\u2013425 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510209"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1145\/3610409.3610411","volume":"23","author":"H Saeeda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saeeda, H., Ahmad, M.O., Gustavsson, T.: Identifying and categorizing challenges in large-scale agile software development projects: Insights from two Swedish companies. ACM SIGAPP Appl. Comput. Rev. 23(2), 23\u201343 (2023)","journal-title":"ACM SIGAPP Appl. Comput. Rev."},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saeeda, H., Ahmad, M.O., Gustavsson, T.: Multivocal literature review on non-technical debt in software development: an exploratory study. ENASE, pp. 89\u2013101 (2023)","DOI":"10.5220\/0011772300003464"},{"key":"14_CR26","unstructured":"Salda\u00f1a, J.: The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, 2nd edn. SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, CA (2013)"},{"key":"14_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skruch, P., Szelest, M., Dlugosz, M., Cieslar, D.: Safety of perception systems in vehicles of high-level motion automation. In: 2022 20th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA), pp. 561\u2013566 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETA57911.2022.9974838"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3241743","volume":"27","author":"KJ Stol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stol, K.J., Fitzgerald, B.: The ABC of software engineering research. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. (TOSEM) 27(3), 1\u201351 (2018)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. (TOSEM)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-88531-0_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T02:50:55Z","timestamp":1743562255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-88531-0_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031885303","9783031885310"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-88531-0_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"REFSQ","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Barcelona","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Spain","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 April 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"refsq2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}