{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T23:41:43Z","timestamp":1774309303579,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031887192","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031887208","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-88720-8_16","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:09:22Z","timestamp":1743768562000},"page":"89-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["MechIR: A Mechanistic Interpretability Framework for\u00a0Information Retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5446-8328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Parry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8734-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9895-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Eickhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8914-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"MacAvaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"16_CR1","unstructured":"Bereska, L., Gavves, E.: Mechanistic interpretability for ai safety\u2013a review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.14082 (2024)"},{"key":"16_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Merullo, J., Eickhoff, C.: Axiomatic causal interventions for reverse engineering relevance computation in neural retrieval models. In: Proceedings of the 47th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1401\u20131410 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3626772.3657841"},{"key":"16_CR3","first-page":"16318","volume":"36","author":"A Conmy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Conmy, A., Mavor-Parker, A., Lynch, A., Heimersheim, S., Garriga-Alonso, A.: Towards automated circuit discovery for mechanistic interpretability. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 36, 16318\u201316352 (2023)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"16_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang, H., Tao, T., Zhai, C.: A formal study of information retrieval heuristics. In: Sanderson, M., J\u00e4rvelin, K., Allan, J., Bruza, P. (eds.) SIGIR 2004: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Sheffield, UK, 25-29 July 2004, pp. 49\u201356. ACM (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1008992.1009004","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1009004"},{"key":"16_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang, H., Tao, T., Zhai, C.: Diagnostic evaluation of information retrieval models. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 29(2), 7:1\u20137:42 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1961209.1961210","DOI":"10.1145\/1961209.1961210"},{"key":"16_CR6","first-page":"9574","volume":"34","author":"A Geiger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geiger, A., Lu, H., Icard, T., Potts, C.: Causal abstractions of neural networks. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 34, 9574\u20139586 (2021)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"16_CR7","unstructured":"Gurnee, W., Nanda, N., Pauly, M., Harvey, K., Troitskii, D., Bertsimas, D.: Finding neurons in a haystack: Case studies with sparse probing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.01610 (2023)"},{"key":"16_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofst\u00e4tter, S., Lin, S.C., Yang, J.H., Lin, J., Hanbury, A.: Efficiently teaching an effective dense retriever with balanced topic aware sampling. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 113\u2013122 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462891"},{"key":"16_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang, Z., Tang, R., Xin, J., Lin, J.: How does BERT rerank passages? an attribution analysis with information bottlenecks. In: Bastings, J., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth BlackboxNLP Workshop on Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP. pp. 496\u2013509. Association for Computational Linguistics, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic (Nov 2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2021.blackboxnlp-1.39, https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2021.blackboxnlp-1.39","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.blackboxnlp-1.39"},{"key":"16_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacAvaney, S., Yates, A., Feldman, S., Downey, D., Cohan, A., Goharian, N.: Simplified data wrangling with ir_datasets. In: SIGIR (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3463254"},{"key":"16_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macdonald, C., Tonellotto, N.: Declarative experimentation information retrieval using pyterrier. In: Proceedings of ICTIR 2020 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3409256.3409829"},{"key":"16_CR12","first-page":"17359","volume":"35","author":"K Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng, K., Bau, D., Andonian, A., Belinkov, Y.: Locating and editing factual associations in gpt. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 35, 17359\u201317372 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"16_CR13","unstructured":"Merullo, J., Eickhoff, C., Pavlick, E.: Circuit component reuse across tasks in transformer language models. In: The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations (2024). https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=fpoAYV6Wsk"},{"key":"16_CR14","unstructured":"Nanda, N., Bloom, J.: Transformerlens (2022). https:\/\/github.com\/neelnanda-io\/TransformerLens"},{"key":"16_CR15","unstructured":"Nanda, N., Chan, L., Lieberum, T., Smith, J., Steinhardt, J.: Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.05217 (2023)"},{"key":"16_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parry, A., MacAvaney, S., Ganguly, D.: Exploiting positional bias for query-agnostic generative content in search. In: Ku, L.W., Martins, A., Srikumar, V. (eds.) Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024, pp. 11030\u201311047. Association for Computational Linguistics, Bangkok, Thailand and virtual meeting (Aug 2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.656, https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2024.findings-acl.656","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.656"},{"key":"16_CR17","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-99736-6_44","volume-title":"Advances in Information Retrieval","author":"R Pradeep","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pradeep, R., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Yates, A., Lin, J.: Squeezing water from a stone: a bag of tricks for further improving cross-encoder effectiveness for reranking. In: Hagen, M., et al. (eds.) ECIR 2022. LNCS, vol. 13185, pp. 655\u2013670. Springer, Cham (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-99736-6_44"},{"key":"16_CR18","first-page":"12388","volume":"33","author":"J Vig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vig, J., et al.: Investigating gender bias in language models using causal mediation analysis. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 33, 12388\u201312401 (2020)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"16_CR19","unstructured":"Wang, K., Variengien, A., Conmy, A., Shlegeris, B., Steinhardt, J.: Interpretability in the wild: a circuit for indirect object identification in gpt-2 small. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.00593 (2022)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-88720-8_16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:09:30Z","timestamp":1743768570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-88720-8_16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031887192","9783031887208"],"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-88720-8_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"ECIR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Information Retrieval","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Lucca","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"47","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ecir2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/ecir2025.eu\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}