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This approach has recently gained much attention in both industry and academia. In this paper, we introduce a compositional automata learning algorithm\u00a0for systems comprising synchronous parallel components. Our algorithm assumes no prior knowledge about the number of components,\u00a0their individual alphabets, and the synchronizing alphabets. The learning process is automatic and figures out the alphabet symbols on-the-fly during learning the components. We prove that the proposed algorithm terminates and correctly learns the individual components. We use a number of case studies from the industrial automotive domain and synthetic benchmarks to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm requires significantly\u00a0fewer input symbols and resets to learn the system compositionally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-90900-9_6","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T04:44:55Z","timestamp":1745988295000},"page":"101-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Compositional Learning for Synchronous Parallel Automata"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Samadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aryan","family":"Bastany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hojjat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Angluin, Learning regular sets from queries and counterexamples, Journal 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