{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:51:22Z","timestamp":1793832682453,"version":"4.6.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031920325","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031920332","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-92033-2_25","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T17:44:15Z","timestamp":1751478255000},"page":"387-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Diagnostics: Markers of Body Iron Status"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Domenico","family":"Girelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Busti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Chesini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"25_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv96","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx758","volume":"29","author":"M Aapro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aapro M, Beguin Y, Bokemeyer C, Dicato M, Gascon P et al (2018a) Management of anaemia and iron deficiency in patients with cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol 29:iv96\u2013iv110","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"25_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv271","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy323","volume":"29","author":"M Aapro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aapro M, Beguin Y, Bokemeyer C, Dicato M, Gascon P et al (2018b) Management of anaemia and iron deficiency in patients with cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol 29:iv271","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"25_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50993-8","volume":"15","author":"E Abboud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abboud E, Chrayteh D, Boussetta N, Dalle H, Malerba M et al (2024) Skin hepcidin initiates psoriasiform skin inflammation via Fe-driven hyperproliferation and neutrophil recruitment. Nat Commun 15:6718","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"25_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.010","volume":"55","author":"PC Adams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adams PC, Barton JC (2011) A diagnostic approach to hyperferritinemia with a non-elevated transferrin saturation. J Hepatol 55:453\u2013458","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"25_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.25.4.326","volume":"25","author":"GM Addison","year":"1972","unstructured":"Addison GM, Beamish MR, Hales CN, Hodgkins M, Jacobs A, Llewellin P (1972) An immunoradiometric assay for ferritin in the serum of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload. J Clin Pathol 25:326\u2013329","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"25_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0582","volume":"21","author":"A Al-Naseem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Naseem A, Sallam A, Choudhury S, Thachil J (2021) Iron deficiency without anaemia: a diagnosis that matters. Clin Med (Lond) 21:107\u2013113","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"25_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13009","volume":"41","author":"N Amir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amir N, Md Noor S, Subbiah I, Osman M, Seman Z (2019) Percentage of hypochromic red cells as a potential screening test to evaluate iron status in blood donors. Int J Lab Hematol 41:418\u2013423","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"25_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1621","volume":"69","author":"P Arosio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arosio P, Elia L, Poli M (2017) Ferritin, cellular iron storage and regulation. IUBMB Life 69:414\u2013422","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"25_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00005-6","volume":"329","author":"Y Beguin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beguin Y (2003) Soluble transferrin receptor for the evaluation of erythropoiesis and iron status. Clin Chim Acta 329:9\u201322","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"25_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31829a6e43","volume":"19","author":"G Bergamaschi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bergamaschi G, Di Sabatino A, Albertini R, Costanzo F, Guerci M et al (2013) Serum hepcidin in inflammatory bowel diseases: biological and clinical significance. Inflamm Bowel Dis 19:2166\u20132172","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"25_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2024.110862","volume":"135","author":"MK Bohn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bohn MK, Berman M, Ali S, Cheng PL, Wang XY et al (2024) Evaluation of a new soluble transferrin receptor assay and comparison to three measurement procedures. Clin Biochem 135:110862","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"25_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380358","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1380358","volume":"14","author":"C Bozzini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bozzini C, Busti F, Marchi G, Vianello A, Cerchione C et al (2024) Anemia in patients receiving anticancer treatments: focus on novel therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol 14:1380358","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"25_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2012.10.002","volume":"1","author":"E Braunwald","year":"2013","unstructured":"Braunwald E (2013) Heart failure. JACC Heart Fail 1:1\u201320","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"25_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26374","volume":"97","author":"IZ Cabantchik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cabantchik IZ, Hershko C (2022) Plasma nontransferrin bound iron-nontransferrin bound iron revisited: implications for systemic iron overload and in iv iron supplementation. Am J Hematol 97:7\u20139","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"25_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2019.1653820","volume":"56","author":"P Cacoub","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cacoub P, Vandewalle C, Peoc\u2019h K (2019) Using transferrin saturation as a diagnostic criterion for iron deficiency: a systematic review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 56:526\u2013532","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"25_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100861","volume":"75","author":"C Camaschella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camaschella C, Girelli D (2020) The changing landscape of iron deficiency. Mol Asp Med 75:100861","journal-title":"Mol Asp Med"},{"key":"25_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24820","volume":"92","author":"MD Cappellini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cappellini MD, Comin-Colet J, de Francisco A, Dignass A, Doehner W et al (2017) Iron deficiency across chronic inflammatory conditions: international expert opinion on definition, diagnosis, and management. Am J Hematol 92:1068\u20131078","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"25_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.03.431","volume":"83","author":"B Cheema","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheema B, Chokshi A, Orimoloye O, Ardehali H (2024) Intravenous iron repletion for patients with heart failure and iron deficiency: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 83:2674\u20132689","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"25_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11040124","volume":"11","author":"B Chiou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiou B, Connor JR (2018) Emerging and dynamic biomedical uses of ferritin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 11(4):124","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"25_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.04.007","volume":"31","author":"S Chirumbolo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chirumbolo S, Rossi AP, Rizzatti V, Zoico E, Franceschetti G et al (2015) Iron primes 3T3-L1 adipocytes to a TLR4-mediated inflammatory response. Nutrition 31:1266\u20131274","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"25_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-253815","volume":"116","author":"LA Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen LA, Gutierrez L, Weiss A, Leichtmann-Bardoogo Y, Zhang DL et al (2010) Serum ferritin is derived primarily from macrophages through a nonclassical secretory pathway. Blood 116:1574\u20131584","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"25_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1990565","volume":"199","author":"SJ Cragg","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cragg SJ, Wagstaff M, Worwood M (1981) Detection of a glycosylated subunit in human serum ferritin. Biochem J 199:565\u2013571","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"25_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1390","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21243","volume":"31","author":"L De Falco","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Falco L, Totaro F, Nai A, Pagani A, Girelli D et al (2010) Novel TMPRSS6 mutations associated with iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA). Hum Mutat 31:E1390\u2013E1405","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"25_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.133983","volume":"101","author":"L de Swart","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Swart L, Hendriks JC, van der Vorm LN, Cabantchik ZI, Evans PJ et al (2016) Second international round robin for the quantification of serum non-transferrin-bound iron and labile plasma iron in patients with iron-overload disorders. Haematologica 101:38\u201345","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"25_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321513","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1321513","volume":"11","author":"Q Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng Q, Yi J, Li T, Liang B, Xu F, Peng P (2024) Narrative review of magnetic resonance imaging in quantifying liver iron load. Front Med (Lausanne) 11:1321513","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"25_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14040375","volume":"14","author":"F Ferrari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferrari F, Carini M, Zanella I, Treglia G, Luglio G et al (2024) Potential diagnostic role of hepcidin in anemic patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Diagnostics (Basel) 14(4):375","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"25_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17900","volume":"196","author":"A Fletcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fletcher A, Forbes A, Svenson N, Wayne Thomas D (2022) Guideline for the laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency in adults (excluding pregnancy) and children. Br J Haematol 196:523\u2013529","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"25_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x","volume":"908","author":"C Franceschi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Franceschi C, Bonaf\u00e8 M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De Luca M et al (2000) Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 908:244\u2013254","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"25_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101052","volume":"39","author":"V Galetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galetti V, Stoffel NU, Sieber C, Zeder C, Moretti D, Zimmermann MB (2021) Threshold ferritin and hepcidin concentrations indicating early iron deficiency in young women based on upregulation of iron absorption. EClinicalMedicine 39:101052","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"25_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00648-1","volume":"25","author":"B Galy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Galy B, Conrad M, Muckenthaler M (2024) Mechanisms controlling cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 25:133\u2013155","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"25_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2018.1.313","volume":"2018","author":"JM Gansner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gansner JM, Berliner N (2018) The rheumatology\/hematology interface: CAPS and MAS diagnosis and management. Hematology 2018:313\u2013317","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"25_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1180","volume":"3","author":"T Ganz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ganz T (2003) Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 3:710\u2013720","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"25_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1804281","volume":"381","author":"T Ganz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ganz T (2019) Anemia of inflammation. N Engl J Med 381:1148\u20131157","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"25_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2023.102777","volume":"104","author":"T Ganz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ganz T, Nemeth E (2024) Hypoferremia of inflammation: innate host defense against infections. Blood Cells Mol Dis 104:102777","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"25_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2018.12.005","volume":"49","author":"MN Garcia-Casal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garcia-Casal MN, Pasricha SR, Martinez RX, Lopez-Perez L, Pena-Rosas JP (2018) Are current serum and plasma ferritin cut-offs for iron deficiency and overload accurate and reflecting iron status? A systematic review. Arch Med Res 49:405\u2013417","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"25_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054659","volume":"24","author":"CM Gehrer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gehrer CM, Mitterstiller AM, Grubwieser P, Meyron-Holtz EG, Weiss G, Nairz M (2023) Advances in ferritin physiology and possible implications in bacterial infection. Int J Mol Sci 24(5):4659","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"25_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2019000035","volume":"2019","author":"YZ Ginzburg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ginzburg YZ (2019) New diagnostic tools for delineating iron status. Hematology 2019:327\u2013336","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"25_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90189","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90189","volume":"12","author":"Y Ginzburg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ginzburg Y, An X, Rivella S, Goldfarb A (2023) Normal and dysregulated crosstalk between iron metabolism and erythropoiesis. elife 12:e90189","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"25_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.208066","volume":"104","author":"D Girelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Girelli D, Busti F (2019) Anemia and adverse outcomes in the elderly: a detrimental inflammatory loop? Haematologica 104:417\u2013419","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"25_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-639112","volume":"127","author":"D Girelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Girelli D, Nemeth E, Swinkels DW (2016) Hepcidin in the diagnosis of iron disorders. Blood 127:2809\u20132813","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"25_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000040","volume":"2","author":"D Girelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Girelli D, Marchi G, Camaschella C (2018) Anemia in the elderly. Hemasphere 2:e40","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"25_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011338","volume":"139","author":"D Girelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Girelli D, Busti F, Brissot P, Cabantchik I, Muckenthaler MU, Porto G (2022) Hemochromatosis classification: update and recommendations by the BIOIRON Society. Blood 139:3018\u20133029","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"25_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2024000568","volume":"2024","author":"D Girelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Girelli D, Marchi G, Busti F (2024) Diagnosis and management of hereditary hemochromatosis: lifestyle modification, phlebotomy, and blood donation. Hematology 2024:434\u2013442","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"25_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad108","volume":"18","author":"H Gordon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gordon H, Burisch J, Ellul P, Karmiris K, Katsanos K et al (2024) ECCO guidelines on extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 18:1\u201337","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"25_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-322030","volume":"110","author":"FJ Graham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Graham FJ, Guha K, Cleland JG, Kalra PR (2024) Treating iron deficiency in patients with heart failure: what, why, when, how, where and who. Heart 110:1201\u20131207","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"25_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.220181","volume":"43","author":"FF Guglielmo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guglielmo FF, Barr RG, Yokoo T, Ferraioli G, Lee JT et al (2023) Liver fibrosis, fat, and iron evaluation with MRI and fibrosis and fat evaluation with US: a practical guide for radiologists. Radiographics 43:e220181","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"25_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02598003","volume":"7","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Ali M, Willan A, McIlroy W, Patterson C (1992) Laboratory diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia: an overview. J Gen Intern Med 7:145\u2013153","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"25_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2023.100677","volume":"5","author":"D Hain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hain D, Bednarski D, Cahill M, Dix A, Foote B et al (2023) Iron-deficiency anemia in CKD: a narrative review for the kidney care team. Kidney Med 5:100677","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"25_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2021.1893812","volume":"26","author":"J Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han J, Wang K (2021) Clinical significance of serum hepcidin in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with anemia of chronic disease: a meta-analysis. Biomarkers 26:296\u2013301","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"25_CR50","first-page":"e876","volume":"145","author":"PA Heidenreich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ et al (2022) 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 145:e876\u2013ee94","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"25_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.108","volume":"8","author":"A Iolascon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iolascon A, Andolfo I, Russo R, Sanchez M, Busti F et al (2024) Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Hemasphere 8:e108","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"25_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2005.03.008","volume":"341","author":"EM Jacobs","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacobs EM, Hendriks JC, van Tits BL, Evans PJ, Breuer W et al (2005) Results of an international round robin for the quantification of serum non-transferrin-bound iron: need for defining standardization and a clinically relevant isoform. Anal Biochem 341:241\u2013250","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"25_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.25692","volume":"7","author":"L Jager","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jager L, Rachamin Y, Senn O, Burgstaller JM, Rosemann T, Markun S (2024) Ferritin cutoffs and diagnosis of iron deficiency in primary care. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2425692","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"25_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx031","volume":"29","author":"KF Kernan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kernan KF, Carcillo JA (2017) Hyperferritinemia and inflammation. Int Immunol 29:401\u2013409","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"25_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.413","volume":"133","author":"MD Knutson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knutson MD (2019) Non-transferrin-bound iron transporters. Free Radic Biol Med 133:101\u2013111","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"25_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.046","volume":"159","author":"CW Ko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ko CW, Siddique SM, Patel A, Harris A, Sultan S et al (2020) AGA clinical practice guidelines on the gastrointestinal evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. Gastroenterology 159:1085\u20131094","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"25_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-00988-1","volume":"21","author":"S Lakhal-Littleton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lakhal-Littleton S, Cleland JGF (2024) Iron deficiency and supplementation in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 21:463\u2013486","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"25_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00237.2017","volume":"123","author":"S Lakhal-Littleton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lakhal-Littleton S, Robbins PA (2017) The interplay between iron and oxygen homeostasis with a particular focus on the heart. J Appl Physiol (1985) 123:967\u2013973","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"25_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19804","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19804","volume":"5","author":"S Lakhal-Littleton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lakhal-Littleton S, Wolna M, Chung YJ, Christian HC, Heather LC et al (2016) An essential cell-autonomous role for hepcidin in cardiac iron homeostasis. elife 5:e19804","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"25_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03430-3","volume":"25","author":"S Lasocki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lasocki S, Asfar P, Jaber S, Ferrandiere M, Kerforne T et al (2021) Impact of treating iron deficiency, diagnosed according to hepcidin quantification, on outcomes after a prolonged ICU stay compared to standard care: a multicenter, randomized, single-blinded trial. Crit Care 25:62","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"25_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad010","volume":"29","author":"R Loveikyte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loveikyte R, Bourgonje AR, van der Reijden JJ, Bulthuis MLC, Hawinkels L et al (2023) Hepcidin and iron status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing induction therapy with vedolizumab or infliximab. Inflamm Bowel Dis 29:1272\u20131284","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"25_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2206346","volume":"388","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Garlanda C (2023) Humoral innate immunity and acute-phase proteins. N Engl J Med 388:439\u2013452","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"25_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv242","volume":"10","author":"M Martinelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martinelli M, Strisciuglio C, Alessandrella A, Rossi F, Auricchio R et al (2016) Serum hepcidin and iron absorption in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 10(5):566\u2013574","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"25_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A et al (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 42:3599\u20133726","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"25_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.019","volume":"12","author":"EJ McKinnon","year":"2014","unstructured":"McKinnon EJ, Rossi E, Beilby JP, Trinder D, Olynyk JK (2014) Factors that affect serum levels of ferritin in Australian adults and implications for follow-up. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:101\u20138.e4","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"25_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2023.101133","volume":"62","author":"AJ Nashwan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nashwan AJ, Alkhawaldeh IM, Shaheen N, Albalkhi I, Serag I et al (2023) Using artificial intelligence to improve body iron quantification: a scoping review. Blood Rev 62:101133","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"25_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-032816","volume":"74","author":"E Nemeth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nemeth E, Ganz T (2023) Hepcidin and iron in health and disease. Annu Rev Med 74:261\u2013277","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"25_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2019000034","volume":"2019","author":"S Ning","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ning S, Zeller MP (2019) Management of iron deficiency. Hematology 2019:315\u2013322","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"25_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.01.032","volume":"504","author":"C Ogawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogawa C, Tsuchiya K, Maeda K (2020) Reticulocyte hemoglobin content. Clin Chim Acta 504:138\u2013145","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"25_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0","volume":"397","author":"SR Pasricha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasricha SR, Tye-Din J, Muckenthaler MU, Swinkels DW (2021) Iron deficiency. Lancet 397:233\u2013248","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"25_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21886","volume":"46","author":"A Pietrangelo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pietrangelo A (2007) Hemochromatosis: an endocrine liver disease. Hepatology 46:1291\u20131301","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"25_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5077","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad586","volume":"44","author":"P Ponikowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ponikowski P, Mentz RJ, Hernandez AF, Butler J, Khan MS et al (2023) Efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose in heart failure with iron deficiency: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 44:5077\u20135091","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"25_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(99)00070-9","volume":"31","author":"P Ponka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ponka P, Lok CN (1999) The transferrin receptor: role in health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 31:1111\u20131137","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"25_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12645","volume":"96","author":"JJ Pratt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pratt JJ, Khan KS (2016) Non-anaemic iron deficiency\u2014a disease looking for recognition of diagnosis: a systematic review. Eur J Haematol 96:618\u2013628","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"25_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69031-w","volume":"10","author":"P Ruscitti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruscitti P, Di Benedetto P, Berardicurti O, Panzera N, Grazia N et al (2020) Pro-inflammatory properties of H-ferritin on human macrophages, ex vivo and in vitro observations. Sci Rep 10:12232","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"25_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.507","volume":"3","author":"E Ryan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryan E, Mulready K, Wiegerinck E, Russell J, Swinkels DW, Stewart S (2022) NTBI levels in C282Y homozygotes after therapeutic phlebotomy. EJHaem 3:644\u2013652","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"25_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.216960","volume":"104","author":"V Sangkhae","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sangkhae V, Nemeth E (2019) To induce or not to induce: the fight over hepcidin regulation. Haematologica 104:1093\u20131095","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"25_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061784","volume":"27","author":"AMN Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva AMN, Rangel M (2022) The (bio)chemistry of non-transferrin-bound iron. Molecules 27(6):1784","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"25_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325210","volume":"70","author":"J Snook","year":"2021","unstructured":"Snook J, Bhala N, Beales ILP, Cannings D, Kightley C et al (2021) British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults. Gut 70:2030\u20132051","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"25_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15133","volume":"59","author":"BR Spencer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spencer BR, Bialkowski W, Creel DV, Cable RG, Kiss JE et al (2019) Elevated risk for iron depletion in high-school age blood donors. Transfusion 59:1706\u20131716","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"25_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-636407","volume":"125","author":"DP Steensma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steensma DP, Sasu BJ, Sloan JA, Tomita DK, Loprinzi CL (2015) Serum hepcidin levels predict response to intravenous iron and darbepoetin in chemotherapy-associated anemia. Blood 125:3669\u20133671","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"25_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.003","volume":"185","author":"BR Stockwell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stockwell BR (2022) Ferroptosis turns 10: emerging mechanisms, physiological functions, and therapeutic applications. Cell 185:2401\u20132421","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"25_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.208645","volume":"104","author":"NU Stoffel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stoffel NU, Lazrak M, Bellitir S, Mir NE, Hamdouchi AE et al (2019) The opposing effects of acute inflammation and iron deficiency anemia on serum hepcidin and iron absorption in young women. Haematologica 104:1143\u20131149","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"22","key":"25_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4739","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224739","volume":"14","author":"L Tarancon-Diez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tarancon-Diez L, Genebat M, Roman-Enry M, V\u00e1zquez-Alejo E, Espinar-Buitrago MS et al (2022) Threshold ferritin concentrations reflecting early iron deficiency based on hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor serum levels in patients with absolute iron deficiency. Nutrients 14(22):4739","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"25_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115510","volume":"167","author":"L Tarancon-Diez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tarancon-Diez L, Iriarte-Gahete M, Sanchez-Mingo P, Perez-Cabeza G, Romero-Candau F et al (2023) Real-world experience of intravenous iron sucrose supplementation and dynamics of soluble transferrin receptor and hepcidin in a Spanish cohort of absolute iron deficient patients. Biomed Pharmacother 167:115510","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"12","key":"25_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.04.015","volume":"35","author":"MR Teh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Teh MR, Armitage AE, Drakesmith H (2024) Why cells need iron: a compendium of iron utilisation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 35(12):1026\u20131049","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"25_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.7.1416","volume":"16","author":"N Tessitore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tessitore N, Solero GP, Lippi G, Bassi A, Faccini GB et al (2001) The role of iron status markers in predicting response to intravenous iron in haemodialysis patients on maintenance erythropoietin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16:1416\u20131423","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"25_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-02-768580","volume":"131","author":"M Truman-Rosentsvit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Truman-Rosentsvit M, Berenbaum D, Spektor L, Cohen LA, Belizowsky-Moshe S et al (2018) Ferritin is secreted via 2 distinct nonclassical vesicular pathways. Blood 131:342\u2013352","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"25_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00807-6","volume":"19","author":"L Valenti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valenti L, Corradini E, Adams LA, Aigner E, Alqahtani S et al (2023) Consensus statement on the definition and classification of metabolic hyperferritinaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol 19:299\u2013310","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"25_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.256768","volume":"62","author":"LN van der Vorm","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Vorm LN, Hendriks JCM, Laarakkers CM, Klaver S, Armitage AE et al (2016) Toward worldwide hepcidin assay harmonization: identification of a commutable secondary reference material. Clin Chem 62:993\u20131001","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"25_CR91","first-page":"283","volume":"110","author":"MT Villaume","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villaume MT, Savona MR (2024) Pathogenesis and inflammaging in myelodysplastic syndrome. Haematologica 110(2):283\u2013299","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"25_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8167","volume":"35","author":"F Vinchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinchi F (2021) Non-transferrin-bound iron in the spotlight: novel mechanistic insights into the vasculotoxic and atherosclerotic effect of iron. Antioxid Redox Signal 35:387\u2013414","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"25_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz112","volume":"41","author":"F Vinchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vinchi F, Porto G, Simmelbauer A, Altamura S, Passos ST et al (2020) Atherosclerosis is aggravated by iron overload and ameliorated by dietary and pharmacological iron restriction. Eur Heart J 41:2681\u20132695","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"19","key":"25_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI180063","volume":"134","author":"K Walsh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Walsh K (2024) The emergence of clonal hematopoiesis as a disease determinant. J Clin Invest 134(19):e180063","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"25_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.26.10.770","volume":"26","author":"GO Walters","year":"1973","unstructured":"Walters GO, Miller FM, Worwood M (1973) Serum ferritin concentration and iron stores in normal subjects. J Clin Pathol 26:770\u2013772","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"25_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1126\/science.61.1588.575","volume":"61","author":"O Warburg","year":"1925","unstructured":"Warburg O (1925) Iron, the oxygen-carrier of respiration-ferment. Science 61:575\u2013582","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"25_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2015.07.004","volume":"52","author":"G Weiss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weiss G (2015) Anemia of chronic disorders: new diagnostic tools and new treatment strategies. Semin Hematol 52:313\u2013320","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"25_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00351-3","volume":"9","author":"AC Weyand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weyand AC, McGann PT, Sholzberg M (2022) Sex specific definitions of anaemia contribute to health inequity and sociomedical injustice. Lancet Haematol 9:e6\u2013e8","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"25_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8020","volume":"329","author":"AC Weyand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weyand AC, Chaitoff A, Freed GL, Sholzberg M, Choi SW, McGann PT (2023) Prevalence of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in US females aged 12-21 years, 2003-2020. JAMA 329:2191\u20132193","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"25_CR100","unstructured":"WHO (2023) Use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations. https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/elena\/interventions\/ferritin-concentrations"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Iron Metabolism in Human Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-92033-2_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T20:02:22Z","timestamp":1776801742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-92033-2_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031920325","9783031920332"],"references-count":100,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-92033-2_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"},{"value":"2214-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}