{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:12:35Z","timestamp":1767373955305,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031934148","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031934155","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-93415-5_18","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T22:04:04Z","timestamp":1748556244000},"page":"301-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Exploratory Study Into the\u00a0Impact of\u00a0AI Literacy Training on\u00a0Anthropomorphism and\u00a0Trust in\u00a0Conversational AI"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5780-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geert","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Nu\u00f1ez Castellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6856-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wijnand","family":"IJsselsteijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abercrombie, G., Curry, A.C., Dinkar, T., Rieser, V., Talat, Z.: Mirages: on anthropomorphism in dialogue systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.09800 (2023)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.290"},{"key":"18_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abercrombie, G., Curry, A.C., Pandya, M., Rieser, V.: Alexa, google, siri: What are your pronouns? gender and anthropomorphism in the design and perception of conversational assistants. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.02578 (2021)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.gebnlp-1.4"},{"key":"18_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-008-0001-3","volume":"1","author":"C Bartneck","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartneck, C., Kuli\u0107, D., Croft, E., Zoghbi, S.: Measurement instruments for the anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety of robots. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 1, 71\u201381 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"18_CR4","unstructured":"Boyd, R.L., Ashokkumar, A., Seraj, S., Pennebaker, J.W.: The development and psychometric properties of liwc-22. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin, pp. 1\u201347 (2022)"},{"key":"18_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinmulgund, A., Khatwani, R., Tapas, P., Shah, P., Sekhar, R.: Anthropomorphism of ai based chatbots by users during communication. In: 2023 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT), pp.\u00a01\u20136. IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CONIT59222.2023.10205689"},{"issue":"1","key":"18_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/00222429211045687","volume":"86","author":"C Crolic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crolic, C., Thomaz, F., Hadi, R., Stephen, A.T.: Blame the bot: anthropomorphism and anger in customer-chatbot interactions. J. Mark. 86(1), 132\u2013148 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00374-3","volume":"42","author":"BR Duffy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duffy, B.R.: Anthropomorphism and the social robot. Robot. Auton. Syst. 42(3\u20134), 177\u2013190 (2003)","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"18_CR8","unstructured":"Elements of AI (2024). www.elementsofai.com\/. https:\/\/www.elementsofai.com\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2008.26.2.143","volume":"26","author":"N Epley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Epley, N., Waytz, A., Akalis, S., Cacioppo, J.T.: When we need a human: motivational determinants of anthropomorphism. Soc. Cogn. 26(2), 143\u2013155 (2008)","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn."},{"key":"18_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, L., Scheutz, M., Lohani, M., McCoy, M., Stokes, C.: Do we need emotionally intelligent artificial agents? first results of human perceptions of emotional intelligence in humans compared to robots. In: Intelligent Virtual Agents: 17th International Conference, IVA 2017, Stockholm, Sweden, August 27-30, 2017, Proceedings 17, pp. 129\u2013141. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67401-8_15"},{"key":"18_CR11","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34103-8_20","volume-title":"Social Robotics","author":"J Fink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fink, J.: Anthropomorphism and human likeness in the design of robots and human-robot interaction. In: Ge, S.S., Khatib, O., Cabibihan, J.-J., Simmons, R., Williams, M.-A. (eds.) ICSR 2012. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7621, pp. 199\u2013208. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-34103-8_20"},{"issue":"5812","key":"18_CR12","first-page":"619","volume":"315","author":"HM Gray","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gray, H.M., Gray, K., Wegner, D.M.: Dimensions of mind perception. Science 315(5812), 619\u2013619 (2007)","journal-title":"Dimensions of mind perception. Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1086\/202429","volume":"21","author":"S Guthrie","year":"1980","unstructured":"Guthrie, S., Agassi, J., Andriolo, K.R., Buchdahl, D., Earhart, H.B., Greenberg, M., Jarvie, I., Saler, B., Saliba, J., Sharpe, K.J., et al.: A cognitive theory of religion [and comments and reply]. Curr. Anthropol. 21(2), 181\u2013203 (1980)","journal-title":"Curr. Anthropol."},{"issue":"1","key":"18_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/10463280902954988","volume":"20","author":"LT Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris, L.T., Fiske, S.T.: Social neuroscience evidence for dehumanised perception. Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol. 20(1), 192\u2013231 (2009)","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"18_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jian, J.Y., Bisantz, A.M., Drury, C.G.: Towards an empirically determined scale of trust in computerized systems: distinguishing concepts and types of trust. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol.\u00a042, pp. 501\u2013505. SAGE Publications Sage CA, Los Angeles (1998)","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129804200512"},{"key":"18_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107512","volume":"139","author":"J Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, J., Im, I.: Anthropomorphic response: understanding interactions between humans and artificial intelligence agents. Comput. Hum. Behav. 139, 107512 (2023)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"18_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.09.006","volume":"28","author":"Y Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Sundar, S.S.: Anthropomorphism of computers: is it mindful or mindless? Comput. Hum. Behav. 28(1), 241\u2013250 (2012)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"18_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-022-00591-7","volume":"32","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, M., Suh, A.: Anthropomorphism in ai-enabled technology: a literature review. Electron. Mark. 32(4), 2245\u20132275 (2022)","journal-title":"Electron. Mark."},{"key":"18_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106680","volume":"118","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, X., Sung, Y.: Anthropomorphism brings us closer: the mediating role of psychological distance in user-ai assistant interactions. Comput. Hum. Behav. 118, 106680 (2021)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"18_CR20","unstructured":"Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) (2024). www.liwc.app\/. https:\/\/www.liwc.app\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"18_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1037\/pspa0000309","volume":"123","author":"A Mecit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mecit, A., Lowrey, T.M., Shrum, L.: Grammatical gender and anthropomorphism: \u201cit\u2019\u2019 depends on the language. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 123(3), 503 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"18_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1086\/209566","volume":"26","author":"Y Moon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moon, Y.: Intimate exchanges: using computers to elicit self-disclosure from consumers. J. Consumer Res. 26(4), 323\u2013339 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Consumer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2012.2192811","volume":"19","author":"M Mori","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mori, M., MacDorman, K.F., Kageki, N.: The uncanny valley [from the field]. IEEE Robot. Automation Mag. 19(2), 98\u2013100 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Automation Mag."},{"issue":"9","key":"18_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/348941.348976","volume":"43","author":"C Nass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nass, C., Gong, L.: Speech interfaces from an evolutionary perspective. Commun. ACM 43(9), 36\u201343 (2000)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"18_CR25","unstructured":"OpenAI: Temporary chat faq. https:\/\/help.openai.com\/en\/articles\/8914046-temporary-chat-faq"},{"key":"18_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106855","volume":"122","author":"C Pelau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pelau, C., Dabija, D.C., Ene, I.: What makes an ai device human-like? the role of interaction quality, empathy and perceived psychological anthropomorphic characteristics in the acceptance of artificial intelligence in the service industry. Comput. Hum. Behav. 122, 106855 (2021)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"18_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.11.150","volume":"118","author":"JW Pennebaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pennebaker, J.W.: Mind mapping: using everyday language to explore social & psychological processes. Procedia Comput. Sci. 118, 100\u2013107 (2017)","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"18_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/026999396380079","volume":"10","author":"JW Pennebaker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pennebaker, J.W., Francis, M.E.: Cognitive, emotional, and language processes in disclosure. Cognition Emotion 10(6), 601\u2013626 (1996)","journal-title":"Cognition Emotion"},{"issue":"6","key":"18_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2019.08.005","volume":"62","author":"A Przegalinska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Przegalinska, A., Ciechanowski, L., Stroz, A., Gloor, P., Mazurek, G.: In bot we trust: a new methodology of chatbot performance measures. Bus. Horiz. 62(6), 785\u2013797 (2019)","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"18_CR30","unstructured":"Reeves, B., Nass, C.: The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people. Cambridge, UK 10(10) (1996)"},{"key":"18_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00516-z","volume":"11","author":"PA Ruijten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruijten, P.A., Haans, A., Ham, J., Midden, C.J.: Perceived human-likeness of social robots: testing the rasch model as a method for measuring anthropomorphism. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 11, 477\u2013494 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2020.1740350","volume":"11","author":"A Salles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salles, A., Evers, K., Farisco, M.: Anthropomorphism in ai. AJOB Neurosci. 11(2), 88\u201395 (2020)","journal-title":"Anthropomorphism in ai. AJOB Neurosci."},{"key":"18_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2018.08.011","volume":"114","author":"RM Schuetzler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schuetzler, R.M., Giboney, J.S., Grimes, G.M., Nunamaker, J.F., Jr.: The influence of conversational agent embodiment and conversational relevance on socially desirable responding. Decis. Support Syst. 114, 94\u2013102 (2018)","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"18_CR34","first-page":"8","volume":"22","author":"AM Seeger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seeger, A.M., Pfeiffer, J., Heinzl, A.: Texting with humanlike conversational agents: designing for anthropomorphism. J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 22(4), 8 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"18_CR35","first-page":"481","volume":"61","author":"I Troshani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Troshani, I., Rao Hill, S., Sherman, C., Arthur, D.: Do we trust in ai? role of anthropomorphism and intelligence. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 61(5), 481\u2013491 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"18_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2022.2072768","volume":"42","author":"B Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, B., Rau, P., Yuan, T.: Measuring user competence in using artificial intelligence: validity and reliability of artificial intelligence literacy scale. Behav. Inf. Technol. 42(9), 1324\u20131337 (2023)","journal-title":"Behav. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"18_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.022","volume":"68","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, W.: Smartphones as social actors? social dispositional factors in assessing anthropomorphism. Comput. Hum. Behav. 68, 334\u2013344 (2017)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"18_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610369336","volume":"5","author":"A Waytz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waytz, A., Cacioppo, J., Epley, N.: Who sees human? the stability and importance of individual differences in anthropomorphism. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 5(3), 219\u2013232 (2010)","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"18_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2014.01.005","volume":"52","author":"A Waytz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waytz, A., Heafner, J., Epley, N.: The mind in the machine: anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 52, 113\u2013117 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"18_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078438","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1078438","volume":"14","author":"Y Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Zhou, R., Chan, A., Jin, M., Qu, M.: Motivation to interaction media: the impact of automation trust and self-determination theory on intention to use the new interaction technology in autonomous vehicles. Front. Psychol. 14, 1078438 (2023)","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in HCI"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-93415-5_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T22:04:07Z","timestamp":1748556247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-93415-5_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031934148","9783031934155"],"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-93415-5_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"HCII","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Gothenburg","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Sweden","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 June 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"hcii2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/2025.hci.international\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}