{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:31:59Z","timestamp":1760488319979,"version":"build-2065373602"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031937118"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031937125"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-93712-5_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T01:39:26Z","timestamp":1748569166000},"page":"155-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human Obedience and\u00a0Social Norm Adherence in\u00a0Small Groups with\u00a0Virtual Agents"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6425-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emile","family":"Pascoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7257-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahba","family":"Zojaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89222-9_5","volume-title":"Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2008","author":"N Afonso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Afonso, N., Prada, R.: Agents that relate: improving the social believability of non-player characters in role-playing games. In: Stevens, S.M., Saldamarco, S.J. (eds.) ICEC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5309, pp. 34\u201345. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-89222-9_5"},{"key":"10_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agrawal, S., Williams, M.A.: Would you obey an aggressive robot: a human-robot interaction field study. In: 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), pp. 240\u2013246 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525615","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525615"},{"key":"10_CR3","unstructured":"Argyle, M.: Interpersonal attitudes. In: Bodily Communication, 2nd edn., pp. 85\u2013103. Methuen, London, New York (1988)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420010307","volume":"1","author":"M Argyle","year":"1971","unstructured":"Argyle, M., Alkema, F., Gilmour, R.: The communication of friendly and hostile attitudes by verbal and non-verbal signals. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 1(3), 385\u2013402 (1971)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1970.tb00668.x","volume":"9","author":"M Argyle","year":"1970","unstructured":"Argyle, M., Salter, V., Nicholson, H., Williams, M., Burgess, P.: The communication of inferior and superior attitudes by verbal and non-verbal signals. Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 9(3), 222\u2013231 (1970)","journal-title":"Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2015.1130021","volume":"28","author":"A Bogdanovych","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bogdanovych, A., Trescak, T., Simoff, S.: What makes virtual agents believable? Connect. Sci. 28(1), 83\u2013108 (2016)","journal-title":"Connect. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/03637759909376467","volume":"66","author":"JK Burgoon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burgoon, J.K., Le Poire, B.A.: Nonverbal cues and interpersonal judgments: participant and observer perceptions of intimacy, dominance, composure, and formality. Commun. Monogr. 66(2), 105\u2013124 (1999)","journal-title":"Commun. Monogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2914796","volume":"6","author":"A Cafaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cafaro, A., Ravenet, B., Ochs, M., Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, H.H., Pelachaud, C.: The effects of interpersonal attitude of a group of agents on user\u2019s presence and proxemics behavior. ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst. 6(2), 1\u201333 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2914796","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10_CR9","unstructured":"Cialdini, R.B., Trost, M.R.: Social influence: social norms, conformity and compliance (1998)"},{"key":"10_CR10","unstructured":"Dietz, R., Lang, A.: Affective agents: effects of agent affect on arousal, attention, liking and learning. In: Proceedings of the Third International Cognitive Technology Conference, San Francisco (1999)"},{"key":"10_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geiskkovitch, D.Y., Cormier, D., Seo, S.H., Young, J.E.: Please continue, we need more data: an exploration of obedience to robots. J. Hum.-Robot Interact. 5(1), 82\u201399 (2016)","DOI":"10.5898\/10.5898\/JHRI.5.1.Geiskkovitch"},{"key":"10_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillet, S., V\u00e1zquez, M., Peters, C., Yang, F., Leite, I.: Multiparty interaction between humans and socially interactive agents. In: The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 2: Interactivity, Platforms, Application, 1 edn., pp. 113\u2013154. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3563659.3563665","DOI":"10.1145\/3563659.3563665"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2009.00172.x","volume":"3","author":"MB Gurtman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gurtman, M.B.: Exploring personality with the interpersonal circumplex. Soc. Pers. Psychol. Compass 3(4), 601\u2013619 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2009.00172.x","journal-title":"Soc. Pers. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"10_CR14","volume-title":"The Hidden Dimension","author":"ET Hall","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hall, E.T.: The Hidden Dimension, vol. 609. Doubleday, Garden City, NY (1966)"},{"key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iop, A., Zojaji, S., Peters, C.: Don\u2019t walk between us: adherence to social conventions when joining a small conversational group of agents. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA \u201922, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3514197.3549676","DOI":"10.1145\/3514197.3549676"},{"key":"10_CR16","unstructured":"Kendon, A.: Studies in interactional sociolinguistics. In: Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behavior in Focused Encounters. Cambridge University Press (1990)"},{"key":"10_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/mti3040069","volume":"3","author":"S Krishna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krishna, S., Kristoffersson, A., Kiselev, A., Loutfi, A.: F-formations for social interaction in simulation using virtual agents and mobile robotic telepresence systems. Multimodal Technol. Interact. 3, 69 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mti3040069","journal-title":"Multimodal Technol. Interact."},{"key":"10_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lucas, G.M., Lehr, J., Kr\u00e4mer, N., Gratch, J.: The effectiveness of social influence tactics when used by a virtual agent. In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp. 22\u201329. IVA \u201919, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3308532.3329464","DOI":"10.1145\/3308532.3329464"},{"key":"10_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lugrin, B., Pelachaud, C., Traum, D. (eds.): The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, Cognition, 1 edn., vol.\u00a037. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3477322.3477324"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00986883","volume":"9","author":"GM Maxwell","year":"1985","unstructured":"Maxwell, G.M., Cook, M.W., Burr, R.: The encoding and decoding of liking from behavioral cues in both auditory and visual channels. J. Nonverbal Behav. 9(4), 239\u2013263 (1985). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00986883","journal-title":"J. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"10_CR21","volume-title":"Silent Messages","author":"A Mehrabian","year":"1971","unstructured":"Mehrabian, A., et al.: Silent Messages, vol. 8. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA (1971)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.19.3.230","volume":"19","author":"BJ Mohler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mohler, B.J., Creem-Regehr, S.H., Thompson, W.B., B\u00fclthoff, H.H.: The effect of viewing a self-avatar on distance judgments in an HMD-based virtual environment. Presence 19(3), 230\u2013242 (2010)","journal-title":"Presence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3590767","volume":"30","author":"A Mottelson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mottelson, A., Muresan, A., Hornb\u00e6k, K., Makransky, G.: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of body ownership illusions in virtual reality. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 30(5), 1\u201342 (2023)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR24","first-page":"903","volume":"13","author":"V Muniady","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muniady, V., Mohamad Ali, A.Z.: The effect of valence and arousal on virtual agent\u2019s designs in quiz based multimedia learning environment. Int. J. Instr. 13(4), 903\u2013920 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Instr."},{"key":"10_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Niewiadomski, R., Bevacqua, E., Mancini, M., Pelachaud, C.: Greta: an interactive expressive ECA system, vol.\u00a02, pp. 1399\u20131400 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1558109.1558314","DOI":"10.1145\/1558109.1558314"},{"key":"10_CR26","unstructured":"Pereira, G., Prada, R., Santos, P.A.: Bases of social power for agents (extended abstract), pp. 1289\u20131290 (2013)"},{"key":"10_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poggi, I., Pelachaud, C., de\u00a0Rosis, F., Carofiglio, V., De\u00a0Carolis, B.: Greta: a believable embodied conversational agent. In: Multimodal Intelligent Information Presentation, pp. 3\u201325. Springer (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3051-7_1"},{"key":"10_CR28","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40415-3_23","volume-title":"Intelligent Virtual Agents","author":"B Ravenet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ravenet, B., Ochs, M., Pelachaud, C.: From a user-created corpus of virtual agent\u2019s non-verbal behavior to a computational model of interpersonal attitudes. In: Aylett, R., Krenn, B., Pelachaud, C., Shimodaira, H. (eds.) IVA 2013. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8108, pp. 263\u2013274. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-40415-3_23"},{"key":"10_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schneeberger, T., Ehrhardt, S., Anglet, M.S., Gebhard, P.: Would you follow my instructions if I was not human? Examining obedience towards virtual agents. In: 2019 8th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), pp.\u00a01\u20137. IEEE (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACII.2019.8925501","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2019.8925501"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3419985","volume":"17","author":"K Zibrek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zibrek, K., Niay, B., Olivier, A.H., Hoyet, L., Pettre, J., McDonnell, R.: The effect of gender and attractiveness of motion on proximity in virtual reality. ACM TAP 17(4), 1\u201315 (2020)","journal-title":"ACM TAP"},{"key":"10_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zibrek, K., Niay, B., Olivier, A.H., Hoyet, L., PettrFe, J., McDonnell, R.: The effect of gender and attractiveness of motion on proximity in virtual reality. ACM TAP 17(4), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419985","DOI":"10.1145\/3419985"},{"key":"10_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zojaji, S., Matviienko, A., Leite, I., Peters, C.: Join me here if you will: investigating embodiment and politeness behaviors when joining small groups of humans, robots, and virtual characters. In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201316 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642905"},{"key":"10_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zojaji, S., Nakano, Y.I., Peters, C.: Impact of cultural differences and politeness on joining small groups of humans, robots, and virtual characters. In: 2025 20th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). IEEE (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI61500.2025.10973814"},{"key":"10_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zojaji, S., Peters, C., Pelachaud, C.: Influence of virtual agent politeness behaviors on how users join small conversational groups. In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp.\u00a01\u20138. ACM (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3383652.3423917","DOI":"10.1145\/3383652.3423917"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-93712-5_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T12:28:10Z","timestamp":1760444890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-93712-5_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031937118","9783031937125"],"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-93712-5_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"HCII","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Gothenburg","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Sweden","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 June 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"hcii2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/2025.hci.international\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}