{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T23:08:06Z","timestamp":1778972886117,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031976377","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031976384","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-97638-4_16","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T09:02:30Z","timestamp":1751792550000},"page":"241-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Public Transport Nodes as Urban Attractors: Developing Indices to Capture Level of Service and Infrastructure"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3836-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meta Berghauser","family":"Pont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8337-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Stavroulaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"16_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., Pratlong, F.: Introducing the \u201815-minute city\u2019: sustainability, resilience and place identity in future post-pandemic cities. Smart Cities 4(1), 1 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/smartcities4010006","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4010006"},{"key":"16_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berghauser Pont, M., et al.: The spatial distribution and frequency of street, plot and building types across five European cities. Environ. Plan. B: Urban Anal. City Sci. 46(7), 1226\u20131242 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2399808319857450","DOI":"10.1177\/2399808319857450"},{"key":"16_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berghauser Pont, M., Stavroulaki, G., Marcus, L.: Development of urban types based on network centrality, built density and their impact on pedestrian movement. Environ. Plan. B: Urban Anal. City Sci. 46(8), 1549\u20131564 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2399808319852632","DOI":"10.1177\/2399808319852632"},{"key":"16_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berghauser Pont, M., et al.: Quantitative comparison of the distribution of densities in three Swedish cities. In: Proceedings of the 24th ISUF - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica Val\u00e8ncia (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4995\/ISUF2017.2017.5317","DOI":"10.4995\/ISUF2017.2017.5317"},{"issue":"3","key":"16_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci3030066","volume":"3","author":"E Bobkova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bobkova, E., et al.: Structure of plot systems and economic activity in cities: linking plot types to retail and food services in London. Amsterdam Stockholm. In: Urban Sci. 3(3), 66 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/urbansci3030066","journal-title":"Amsterdam Stockholm. In: Urban Sci."},{"key":"16_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marcus, L., et al.: Location-based density and diversity \u2013 adding attraction variables to space syntax. In: Proceedings of the 24th ISUF - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica Val\u00e8ncia (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4995\/ISUF2017.2017.5706","DOI":"10.4995\/ISUF2017.2017.5706"},{"key":"16_CR7","unstructured":"Stavroulaki, I., Bolin, D., Pont, M.B., Marcus, L., H\u00e5kansson, E.: Statistical modelling and analysis of big data on pedestrian movement. In: Proceedings of the 12th Space Syntax Symposium (2019)"},{"key":"16_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banister, D., Hickman, R.: How to design a more sustainable and fairer built environment: Transport and communications. IEE Proc. Intell. Transp. Syst. 153, 276\u2013291 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/ip-its:20060009","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-its:20060009"},{"key":"16_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertolini, L.: Nodes and places: complexities of railway station redevelopment. Eur. Plan. Stud. 4(3), 331\u2013345 (1996). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09654319608720349","DOI":"10.1080\/09654319608720349"},{"key":"16_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertolini, L.: Spatial Development patterns and public transport: the application of an analytical model in the Netherlands. Plan. Pract. Res. 14 (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02697459915724","DOI":"10.1080\/02697459915724"},{"key":"16_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertolini, L., le Clercq, F., Kapoen, L.: Sustainable accessibility: a conceptual framework to integrate transport and land use plan-making. Transp. Policy 12(3), 207\u2013220 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranpol.2005.01.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2005.01.006"},{"key":"16_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Curtis, C.: Integrating land use with public transport: the use of a discursive accessibility tool to inform metropolitan spatial planning in Perth. Transp. Rev. 31(2), 179\u2013197 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01441647.2010.525330","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2010.525330"},{"key":"16_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Curtis, C., Scheurer, J.: Performance measures for public transport accessibility: learning from international practice. J. Transp. Land Use 10(1) (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5198\/jtlu.2015.683","DOI":"10.5198\/jtlu.2015.683"},{"key":"16_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curtis, C., Scheurer, J.: The SNAMUTS Accessibility Tool in Action: Case Study Adelaide, Australia. In: Designing Accessibility Instruments. Routledge (2019)","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315463612-10"},{"key":"16_CR15","unstructured":"Rodrigue, J.-P.: A typology of transportation networks. In: The Geography of Transport Systems (2017). https:\/\/people.hofstra.edu\/geotrans\/eng\/ch1en\/conc1en\/typologynet1.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"16_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-021-10548-6","volume":"87","author":"B Adhvaryu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adhvaryu, B., Mudhol, S.S.: Visualising public transport accessibility to inform urban planning policy in Hubli-Dharwad. India. In: GeoJournal 87(4), 485\u2013509 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10708-021-10548-6","journal-title":"India. In: GeoJournal"},{"key":"16_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adhvaryu, B., Chopde, A., Dashora, L.: Mapping public transport accessibility levels (PTAL) in India and its applications: a case study of Surat. In: Case Stud. Transp. Policy 7(2), 293\u2013300 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cstp.2019.03.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2019.03.004"},{"key":"16_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Mamun, M., Lownes, N.E.: A composite index of public transit accessibility. J. Public Transp. 14(2), 4 (2011)","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.14.2.4"},{"key":"16_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brinckerhoff, P.: Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, 3rd ed. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/24766","DOI":"10.17226\/24766"},{"key":"16_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fu, L., Xin, Y.: A new performance index for evaluating transit quality of service. J. Public Transp. 10(3), 47\u201369 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5038\/2375-0901.10.3.4","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.10.3.4"},{"key":"16_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Orth, H., Weidmann, U., Dorbritz, R.: Development of measurement system for public transport performance. Transp. Res. Rec. 2274(1), 135\u2013143 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/2274-15","DOI":"10.3141\/2274-15"},{"key":"16_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polzin, S.E., Pendyala, R.M., Navari, S.: Development of time-of-day\u2013based transit accessibility analysis tool. Transp. Res. Rec. 1799(1), 35\u201341 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/1799-05","DOI":"10.3141\/1799-05"},{"key":"16_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, B.M., Hine, J.P.: A PTAL approach to measuring changes in bus service accessibility. Transp. Policy 10(4), 307\u2013320 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/cqx3jm","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-070X(03)00053-2"},{"key":"16_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banister, D.: Transport Planning. In: Button, K.J., Hensher, D.A. (eds.) Handbook of Transport Systems and Traffic Control, vol. 3, pp. 9\u201319. Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/9781615832460-002","DOI":"10.1108\/9781615832460-002"},{"key":"16_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geurs, K.T., van Wee, B.: Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: review and research directions. J. Transp. Geogr. 12(2), 127\u2013140 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2003.10.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2003.10.005"},{"key":"16_CR26","unstructured":"Hillier, B.: Space is the Machine: A Configurational Theory of Architecture. Cambridge University Press (1996)"},{"key":"16_CR27","unstructured":"Calthorpe, P.: The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. Princeton Architectural Press (1993)"},{"key":"16_CR28","unstructured":"Chiaradia, A., Moreau, E., Raford, N.: Configurational exploration of public transport movement networks: a case study, the London underground. In: 5th International Space Syntax Symposium, pp. 1\u201310 (2005)"},{"key":"16_CR29","unstructured":"Law, S., Chiaradia, A., Schwander, C.: Towards a multi-modal space syntax analysis: A case study of the London street and underground network. In: 8th International Space Syntax Symposium, pp. 3\u20136 (2012)"},{"key":"16_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopes, F., Gil, J., Stavroulaki, I.: Simplified geodata models for integrated urban and public transport planning. AGILE: GIScience Ser. 4, 1\u20139 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/agile-giss-4-32-2023","DOI":"10.5194\/agile-giss-4-32-2023"},{"key":"16_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, F., Gil, J., Stavroulaki, G.: Towards a configurational multimodal urban network model: a data-driven approach to public transport modelling. In: 14th International Space Syntax Symposium, pp. 1\u201316 (2024)","DOI":"10.5194\/agile-giss-4-32-2023"},{"key":"16_CR32","unstructured":"Trafiklab: GTFS Data for Public Transport. (2025). https:\/\/www.trafiklab.se\/"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computational Science and Its Applications \u2013 ICCSA 2025 Workshops"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-97638-4_16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T23:04:08Z","timestamp":1778972648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-97638-4_16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"ISBN":["9783031976377","9783031976384"],"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-97638-4_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ICCSA","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Istanbul","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"T\u00fcrkiye","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"30 June 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"iccsa2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/iccsa.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}