{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:41:31Z","timestamp":1775202091674,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031984617","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031984624","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-98462-4_43","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T17:07:35Z","timestamp":1753031255000},"page":"340-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leveraging Lecture and\u00a0Student Knowledge for\u00a0Improved AI Chatbot Responses in\u00a0Education"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Shimada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"43_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bender, E.M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., Shmitchell, S.: On the dangers of stochastic parrots: can language models be too big? In: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, pp. 610\u2013623 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"43_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgan, C., Kowalski, J., Liao, W.: Developing a retrieval augmented generation (rag) chatbot app using adaptive large language models (llm) and langchain framework. In: Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science (2024)","DOI":"10.55632\/pwvas.v96i1.1068"},{"key":"43_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, D.H., Lin, M.P.C., Hajian, S., Wang, Q.Q.: Educational design principles of using ai chatbot that supports self-regulated learning in education: goal setting, feedback, and personalization. Sustainability 15(17) (2023)","DOI":"10.3390\/su151712921"},{"key":"43_CR4","unstructured":"Dify Project: Dify: The Innovation Engine for GenAI Applications (2023). https:\/\/dify.ai\/. Accessed 01 May 2025"},{"key":"43_CR5","unstructured":"Edge, D., et al.: From local to global: a graph rag approach to query-focused summarization. ArXiv arxiv:2404.16130 (2024). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:269363075"},{"key":"43_CR6","unstructured":"Gao, Y., et al.: Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: a survey (2024)"},{"key":"43_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotcps.2023.06.002","volume":"4","author":"SS Gill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gill, S.S., et al.: Transformative effects of chatgpt on modern education: emerging era of ai chatbots. Internet Things Cyber-Phys. Syst. 4, 19\u201323 (2024)","journal-title":"Internet Things Cyber-Phys. Syst."},{"key":"43_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.46328\/ijte.600","volume":"7","author":"\u015e G\u00f6k\u00e7earslan","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00f6k\u00e7earslan, \u015e, Tosun, C., Erdemir, Z.: Benefits, challenges, and methods of artificial intelligence (ai) chatbots in education: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Technol. Educ. 7, 19\u201339 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Educ."},{"key":"43_CR9","unstructured":"Guan, X., et al.: Deeprag: thinking to retrieval step by step for large language models (2025)"},{"key":"43_CR10","unstructured":"Henkel, O., Levonian, Z., Li, C., Postle, M.: Retrieval-augmented generation to improve math question-answering: Trade-offs between groundedness and human preference. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 315\u2013320 (2024)"},{"issue":"1","key":"43_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12610","volume":"38","author":"W Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, W., Hew, K.F., Fryer, L.K.: Chatbots for language learning - are they really useful? A systematic review of chatbot-supported language learning. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 38(1), 237\u2013257 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Learn."},{"key":"43_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, H.T., Liu, Y.K., Tsai, Y.C., Suen, S.: Enhancing python learning through retrieval-augmented generation: a theoretical and applied innovation in generative ai education. In: Innovative Technologies and Learning, pp. 164\u2013173 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-65884-6_17"},{"key":"43_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kooli, C.: Chatbots in education and research: a critical examination of ethical implications and solutions. Sustainability 15(7) (2023)","DOI":"10.3390\/su15075614"},{"key":"43_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labadze, L., Grigolia, M., Machaidze, L.: Role of ai chatbots in education: systematic literature review. Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ. 20 (2023)","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-023-00426-1"},{"key":"43_CR15","unstructured":"Lang, G., G\u00fcrpinar, T.: Use of a retrieval-augmented generation (rag) chatbot in an online r programming course. In: Proceedings of the 2024 ISCAP Conference (2024)"},{"key":"43_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.F., Hwang, G.J., Chen, P.Y.: Impacts of an ai-based chabot on college students\u2019 after-class review, academic performance, self-efficacy, learning attitude, and motivation. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 70 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-022-10142-8"},{"key":"43_CR17","unstructured":"Lewis, P., et al.: Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (2020)"},{"key":"43_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miladi, F., Psych\u00e9, V., Lemire, D.: Comparative performance of gpt-4, rag-augmented gpt-4, and students in moocs. In: Breaking Barriers with Generative Intelligence. Using GI to Improve Human Education and Well-Being, pp. 81\u201392. Springer, Cham (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-65996-6_7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-65996-6_7"},{"key":"43_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miladi, F., Psych\u00e9, V., Lemire, D.: Leveraging gpt-4 for accuracy in education: a comparative study on retrieval-augmented generation in moocs. In: Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium and Blue Sky, pp. 427\u2013434 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64315-6_40"},{"key":"43_CR20","unstructured":"Ogata, H., et al.: e-book-based learning analytics in university education. In: IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (2015)"},{"key":"43_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okai, S., Minematsu, T., Okubo, F., Taniguchi, Y., Uchiyama, H., Shimada, A.: A system to realize time- and location-independent teaching and learning among learners through sharing learning-articles. In: Towards a Collaborative Society Through Creative Learning, pp. 475\u2013487 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43393-1_44"},{"key":"43_CR22","unstructured":"Rao, J., Lin, J.: Ramo: retrieval-augmented generation for enhancing moocs recommendations (2024)"},{"key":"43_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanthakumar, A.K., Fassihi-Tash, F., Lotfi, A., Bird, J.J.: Retrieval augmented large language model chatbots in$$00a0higher education: a study on$$00a0university open days. In: Advances in Computational Intelligence Systems, pp. 32\u201344 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78857-4_3"},{"key":"43_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00530","volume":"11","author":"S Siriwardhana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siriwardhana, S., Weerasekera, R., Wen, E., Kaluarachchi, T., Rana, R., Nanayakkara, S.: Improving the domain adaptation of retrieval augmented generation (RAG) models for open domain question answering. Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 11, 1\u201317 (2023)","journal-title":"Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"43_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slade, J.J., Hyk, A., Gurung, R.A.R.: Transforming learning: assessing the efficacy of a retrieval-augmented generation system as a tutor for introductory psychology. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (2024)","DOI":"10.1177\/10711813241275509"},{"key":"43_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Th\u00fcs, D., Malone, S., Br\u00fcnken, R.: Exploring generative ai in higher education: a rag system to enhance student engagement with scientific literature. Front. Psychol. 15 (2024)","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1474892"},{"key":"43_CR27","unstructured":"Weidinger, L., et al.: Ethical and social risks of harm from language models (2021)"},{"key":"43_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Evans, C.: Opportunities and challenges in using ai chatbots in higher education. In: Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Education and E-Learning, ICEEL \u201919, pp. 79\u201383 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3371647.3371659"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-98462-4_43","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T05:29:12Z","timestamp":1775194152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-98462-4_43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031984617","9783031984624"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-98462-4_43","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Palermo","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 July 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2025.itd.cnr.it\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}