{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T19:57:12Z","timestamp":1781121432862,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031992667","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031992674","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_29","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T09:27:54Z","timestamp":1753262874000},"page":"233-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Second Workshop on\u00a0the\u00a0Automatic Evaluation of\u00a0Learning and\u00a0Assessment Content"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2997-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Galvan-Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Due\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Taslimipoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6306-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Gaudeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9647-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Caines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8213-3362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastassia","family":"Loukina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9678-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Zesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"29_CR1","unstructured":"AlKhuzaey, S., Grasso, F., Payne, T.R., Tamma, V.: Text-based question difficulty prediction: a systematic review of automatic approaches. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 1\u201353 (2023)"},{"key":"29_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlp.2024.100101","volume":"8","author":"B Alsafari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alsafari, B., Atwell, E., Walker, A., Callaghan, M.: Towards effective teaching assistants: from intent-based chatbots to LLM-powered teaching assistants. Nat. Lang. Process. J. 8, 100101 (2024)","journal-title":"Nat. Lang. Process. J."},{"key":"29_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto, L.: A quantitative study of NLP approaches to question difficulty estimation, pp. 428\u2013434 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36336-8_67"},{"key":"29_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto, L., Aradelli, G., Donvito, A., Lucchetti, A., Cappelli, A., Buttery, P.: Using LLMs to simulate students\u2019 responses to exam questions. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pp. 11351\u201311368 (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.663"},{"key":"29_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto, L., et al.: A survey on recent approaches to question difficulty estimation from text. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3556538"},{"key":"29_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto, L., et al.: Workshop on automatic evaluation of learning and assessment content. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 473\u2013477. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64312-5_60"},{"key":"29_CR7","unstructured":"Bitew, S.K., Deleu, J., Develder, C., Demeester, T.: Distractor generation for multiple-choice questions with predictive prompting and large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.16338 (2023)"},{"key":"29_CR8","unstructured":"Caines, A., et\u00a0al.: On the application of large language models for language teaching and assessment technology (2023)"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.32473\/jahe.v1i1.116892","volume":"1","author":"DJ Chamberlain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chamberlain, D.J., Jeter, R.: Creating diagnostic assessments: automated distractor generation with integrity. J. Assess. High. Educ. 1(1), 30\u201349 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Assess. High. Educ."},{"key":"29_CR10","unstructured":"Ghanem, B., Fyshe, A.: Disto: evaluating textual distractors for multi-choice questions using negative sampling based approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.04881 (2023)"},{"key":"29_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, A.K., Polepeddi, L.: Jill watson: a virtual teaching assistant for online education. In: Learning Engineering for Online Education, pp. 120\u2013143. Routledge (2018)","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351186193-7"},{"key":"29_CR12","unstructured":"Hambleton, R.K., Swaminathan, H.: Item Response Theory: Principles and Applications. Springer Science & Business Media (2013)"},{"key":"29_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeon, J., Lee, S.: Large language models in education: a focus on the complementary relationship between human teachers and ChatGPT. Educ. Inf. Technol. 28(12), 1\u201320 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11834-1"},{"key":"29_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102274","volume":"103","author":"E Kasneci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kasneci, E., et al.: ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learn. Individ. Differ. 103, 102274 (2023)","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"29_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maeda, H.: Field-testing multiple-choice questions with AI examinees: English grammar items. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 85(2), 00131644241281053 (2024)","DOI":"10.1177\/00131644241281053"},{"key":"29_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.W., Park, S.J., Won, H.S., Kim, K.M.: Large language models are students at various levels: zero-shot question difficulty estimation. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pp. 8157\u20138177 (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.477"},{"issue":"4","key":"29_CR17","first-page":"448","volume":"16","author":"MA Razafinirina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Razafinirina, M.A., Dimbisoa, W.G., Mahatody, T.: Pedagogical alignment of large language models (LLM) for personalized learning: a survey, trends and challenges. J. Intell. Learn. Syst. Appl. 16(4), 448\u2013480 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Learn. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"29_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118258","volume":"208","author":"R Rodriguez-Torrealba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Torrealba, R., Garcia-Lopez, E., Garcia-Cabot, A.: End-to-end generation of multiple-choice questions using text-to-text transfer transformer models. Expert Syst. Appl. 208, 118258 (2022)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"29_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonkar, S., Ni, K., Chaudhary, S., Baraniuk, R.G.: Pedagogical alignment of large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.05000 (2024)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.797"},{"key":"29_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taneja, K., Maiti, P., Kakar, S., Guruprasad, P., Rao, S., Goel, A.K.: Jill Watson: a virtual teaching assistant powered by ChatGPT. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 324\u2013337. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64302-6_23"},{"key":"29_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taslimipoor, S., Benedetto, L., Felice, M., Buttery, P.: Distractor generation using generative and discriminative capabilities of transformer-based models. In: Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pp. 5052\u20135063 (2024)","DOI":"10.63317\/3i3di5y8sh7v"},{"key":"29_CR22","unstructured":"Uto, M., Tomikawa, Y., Suzuki, A.: Question difficulty prediction based on virtual test-takers and item response theory. In: Workshop on Automatic Evaluation of Learning and Assessment Content (2024)"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium, Blue Sky, and WideAIED"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_29","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:59:07Z","timestamp":1781117947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031992667","9783031992674"],"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_29","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Palermo","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 July 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2025.itd.cnr.it\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}