{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:21:13Z","timestamp":1781335273479,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031992667","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031992674","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T09:28:21Z","timestamp":1753262901000},"page":"60-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Playful Pathways to\u00a0AI Literacy: Designing NLP Activities for\u00a0Middle School AI Education"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Goslen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Vandenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Catet\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wookhee","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.46328\/ijte.169","volume":"4","author":"S Adipat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adipat, S., Laksana, K., Busayanon, K., Asawasowan, A., Adipat, B.: Engaging students in the learning process with game-based learning: the fundamental concepts. Int. J. Technol. Educ. 4(3), 542\u2013552 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Educ."},{"key":"8_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, A.: A digital game based learning approach for effective curriculum transaction for teaching-learning of artificial intelligence and machine learning. In: 2022 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS), pp. 69\u201374. IEEE (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCDS53736.2022.9760932"},{"key":"8_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Druga, S., Williams, R., Breazeal, C., Resnick, M.: \u201chey google is it ok if i eat you?\u201d Initial explorations in child-agent interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 595\u2013600 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3078072.3084330"},{"key":"8_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faber, M., Unfried, A., Wiebe, E.N., Corn, J., Townsend, L.W., Collins, T.L.: Student attitudes toward stem: the development of upper elementary school and middle\/high school student surveys. In: 2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, pp. 23\u20131094 (2013)","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--22479"},{"key":"8_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gennari, R., Melonio, A., Pellegrino, M.A., D\u2019Angelo, M.: How to playfully teach AI to young learners: a systematic literature review. In: Proceedings of the 15th BI Annual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter, pp.\u00a01\u20139 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3605390.3605393"},{"key":"8_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, A., et al.: Supporting upper elementary students in learning AI concepts with story-driven game-based learning. In: AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. vol.\u00a038, pp. 23092\u201323100 (2024)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i21.30354"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-021-00733-7","volume":"35","author":"J Henry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry, J., Hernalesteen, A., Collard, A.S.: Teaching artificial intelligence to k-12 through a role-playing game questioning the intelligence concept. KI-K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz 35(2), 171\u2013179 (2021)","journal-title":"KI-K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz"},{"key":"8_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106963","volume":"125","author":"J Krath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krath, J., Sch\u00fcrmann, L., Von Korflesch, H.F.: Revealing the theoretical basis of gamification: a systematic review and analysis of theory in research on gamification, serious games and game-based learning. Comput. Hum. Behav. 125, 106963 (2021)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"8_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, H., Min, W., Vandenberg, J., Catet\u00e9, V., Mott, B.: Unplugged k-12 AI learning: exploring representation and reasoning with a facial recognition game. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. vol.\u00a038, pp. 23285\u201323293 (2024)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i21.30376"},{"key":"8_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, D., Magerko, B.: What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201316 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376727"},{"key":"8_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lytle, N., et al.: Use, modify, create: comparing computational thinking lesson progressions for stem classes. In: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, pp. 395\u2013401 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3304221.3319786"},{"key":"8_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren, B.M., Nguyen, H.A.: Digital learning games in artificial intelligence in education (AIED): a review. Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 440\u2013484 (2023)","DOI":"10.4337\/9781800375413.00032"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2015.1122533","volume":"50","author":"JL Plass","year":"2015","unstructured":"Plass, J.L., Homer, B.D., Kinzer, C.K.: Foundations of game-based learning. Educ. Psychol. 50(4), 258\u2013283 (2015)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"8_CR14","unstructured":"Springer, A., Greenblatt, C., Williams, M.: SpongeBob SquarePants. Survival of the Idiots. Television series episode (2001). created by Stephen Hillenburg"},{"key":"8_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Touretzky, D., Gardner-McCune, C., Martin, F., Seehorn, D.: Envisioning AI for k-12: What should every child know about AI? In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. vol.\u00a033, pp. 9795\u20139799 (2019)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019795"},{"key":"8_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, N., Greenwald, E., Montgomery, R., Leitner, M.: ARIN-561: an educational game for learning artificial intelligence for high-school students. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 528\u2013531. Springer (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11647-6_108"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-023-00358-x","volume":"33","author":"N Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, N., Lester, J.: K-12 education in the age of AI: a call to action for k-12 AI literacy. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 33(2), 228\u2013232 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878198291002","volume":"29","author":"J Wolfe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wolfe, J., Crookall, D.: Developing a scientific knowledge of simulation\/gaming. Simul. Gaming 29(1), 7\u201319 (1998)","journal-title":"Simul. Gaming"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031311","volume":"105","author":"P Wouters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wouters, P., Van Nimwegen, C., Van Oostendorp, H., Van Der Spek, E.D.: A meta-analysis of the cognitive and motivational effects of serious games. J. Educ. Psychol. 105(2), 249 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners, Doctoral Consortium, Blue Sky, and WideAIED"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T19:00:29Z","timestamp":1781118029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"ISBN":["9783031992667","9783031992674"],"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Palermo","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 July 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2025.itd.cnr.it\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}