{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:08:04Z","timestamp":1754161684863,"version":"3.41.2"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031995644"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031995651"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-99565-1_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T06:42:54Z","timestamp":1753771374000},"page":"3-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Continuous, Differentiable, Probability-Expressed Harm Risk Estimator for\u00a0Robot Actions in\u00a0Dynamic Human-Centric Environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1005-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Solovov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4903-3554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","unstructured":"ISO: Technical specification: ISO\/TS 15066: Robots and robotic devices\u2014Collaborative robots (2016)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3399433","volume":"10","author":"A Meissner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meissner, A., Tr\u00fcbswetter, A., Conti-Kufner, A.S., Schmidtler, J.: Friend or Foe? understanding assembly workers\u2019 acceptance of human-robot collaboration. ACM Trans. Hum.-Rob.Interact. 10(1), 1\u201330 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3399433","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Hum.-Rob.Interact."},{"key":"1_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, S., et al.: Intention aware robot crowd navigation with attention-based interaction graph. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 12015\u201312021. IEEE, London (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA48891.2023.10160660","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA48891.2023.10160660"},{"key":"1_CR4","series-title":"Springer Proceedings in Advanced Robotics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28619-4_10","volume-title":"Robotics Research","author":"A Majumdar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Majumdar, A., Pavone, M.: How should a robot assess risk? Towards an axiomatic theory of risk in robotics. In: Amato, N.M., Hager, G., Thomas, S., Torres-Torriti, M. (eds.) Robotics Research. SPAR, vol. 10, pp. 75\u201384. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-28619-4_10"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nishimura, H., Ivanovic, B., Gaidon, A., Pavone, M., Schwager, M.: Risk-sensitive sequential action control with multi-modal human trajectory forecasting for safe crowd-robot interaction. In: 2020 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 11205\u201311212. IEEE, Las Vegas (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS45743.2020.9341469","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS45743.2020.9341469"},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barbosa, F.S., Lacerda, B., Duckworth, P., Tumova, J., Hawes, N.: Risk-aware motion planning in partially known environments. In: 2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pp. 5220\u20135226. IEEE, Austin (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CDC45484.2021.9683744","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC45484.2021.9683744"},{"key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Z., et al.: Dynamic risk assessment and active response strategy for industrial human-robot collaboration. Comput. Ind. Eng. 141, 106302 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106302. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S036083522030036X","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106302"},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mehta, D., Ferrer, G., Olson, E.: C-MPDM: continuously-parameterized risk-aware MPDM by quickly discovering contextual policies. In: 2018 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 7547\u20137554. IEEE, Madrid (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS.2018.8593642","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2018.8593642"},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Everett, M., Chen, Y.F., How, J.P.: Collision avoidance in pedestrian-rich environments with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Access 9, 10357\u201310377 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3050338. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9317723\/","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3050338"},{"key":"1_CR10","series-title":"Dover Books on Physics","volume-title":"Radiative Transfer","author":"S Chandrasekhar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chandrasekhar, S.: Radiative Transfer. Dover Books on Physics, Dover Publications, New York (2016)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-025-02248-x","volume":"111","author":"A Pinto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinto, A., Solovov, A., Sim\u00f5es, A.C., Menezes, P.: User acceptance in human-robot interaction: exploring the role of anthropomorphic mechanisms in manufacturing environments\u2013a systematic literature review. J. Intell. Rob. Syst. 111(2), 46 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02248-x","journal-title":"J. Intell. Rob. Syst."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99565-1_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T06:42:55Z","timestamp":1753771375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99565-1_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"ISBN":["9783031995644","9783031995651"],"references-count":11,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-99565-1_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"IbPRIA","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Coimbra","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Portugal","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4 July 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ibpria2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.ibpria.org\/2025\/?page=home","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}