{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T21:07:38Z","timestamp":1757624858138,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783032029287"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783032029294"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-02929-4_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T10:14:50Z","timestamp":1756203290000},"page":"40-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The WHY in\u00a0Business Processes: Unification of\u00a0Causal Process Models"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0282-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuval","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6569-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lior","family":"Limonad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna","family":"Skarbovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49851-4","volume-title":"Process Mining","author":"W van der Aalst","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Aalst, W.: Process Mining. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2016)"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van\u00a0der Aalst, W., Adriansyah, A., van Dongen, B.: Causal nets: a modeling language tailored towards process discovery. In: CONCUR 2011 - Concurrency Theory, pp. 28\u201342. Springer (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23217-6_3"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alaee, A.J., Weidlich, M., Senderovich, A.: Data-driven decision support for business processes: causal reasoning and discovery (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70418-5_6"},{"key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozorgi, Z.D., Teinemaa, I., Dumas, M., La\u00a0Rosa, M., Polyvyanyy, A.: Process mining meets causal machine learning: discovering causal rules from event logs. In: 2020 2nd International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM), pp. 129\u2013136. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPM49681.2020.00028"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conforti, R., La\u00a0Rosa, M., Ter\u00a0Hofstede, A.H.: Filtering out infrequent behavior from business process event logs. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 29(2) (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2614680"},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunningham, S.: Causal Inference: The Mixtape. Yale University Press (2021)","DOI":"10.12987\/9780300255881"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David, Y., Fournier, F., Limonad, L., Skarbovsky, I.: Supplementary material for the WHY in business processes: unification of causal process models. https:\/\/github.com\/IBM\/SAX\/tree\/main\/BPM2025F","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-02929-4_3"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B.: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol. 39(1) (1977)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumas, M., Fournier, F., Limonad, L., Marrella, A., et al.: AI-augmented business process management systems: a research manifesto. ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst. 14(1) (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3576047"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fournier, F., Limonad, L., Skarbovsky, I., David, Y.: The WHY in business processes: discovery of causal execution dependencies. K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-024-00883-4"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105904","volume":"120","author":"R Galanti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galanti, R., et al.: An explainable decision support system for predictive process analytics. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 120, 105904 (2023)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"3_CR12","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1n, M.A., Robins, J.M.: Causal Inference: What If. CRC Press (2020)"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hompes, B.F.A., et\u00a0al.: Discovering causal factors explaining business process performance variation. In: Advanced Information Systems Engineering, pp. 177\u2013192. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59536-8_12"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kourani, H., Di\u00a0Francescomarino, C., Ghidini, C., van\u00a0der Aalst, W., van Zelst, S.: Mining for long-term dependencies in causal graphs. In: Business Process Management Workshops, pp. 117\u2013131. Springer, Cham (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-25383-6_10"},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leemans, S.J.J., Tax, N.: Causal reasoning over control-flow decisions in process models. In: CAiSE 2022, Leuven, Belgium, June 6-10, 2022, Proceedings. LNCS, vol. 13295, pp. 183\u2013200. Springer (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07472-1_11"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Little, R.J., Rubin, D.B.: Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. Wiley (2014)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118445112.stat05051"},{"key":"3_CR17","unstructured":"Dobson, M.S.: The Triple Constraints in Project Management. Berrett-Koehler Publishers (2004)"},{"key":"3_CR18","unstructured":"Mohan, K., Pearl, J., Tian, J.: Missing data as a causal inference problem. In: Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) (2013)"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narendra, T., Agarwal, P., Gupta, M., Dechu, S.: Counterfactual reasoning for process optimization using structural causal models. In: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol.\u00a0360 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26643-1_6"},{"key":"3_CR20","unstructured":"Pearl, J.: Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference, Second Edition, pp. 1\u2013464 (2011)"},{"key":"3_CR21","unstructured":"Pearl, J., Mackenzie, D.: The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect, 1st edn. Basic Books (2018)"},{"key":"3_CR22","unstructured":"Peters, J., Janzing, D., Schlkopf, B.: Elements of Causal Inference: Foundations and Learning Algorithms. The MIT Press (2017)"},{"issue":"9","key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/00029890.1955.11988710","volume":"62","author":"WV Quine","year":"1955","unstructured":"Quine, W.V.: A way to simplify truth functions. Am. Math. Month. 62(9), 627\u2013631 (1955)","journal-title":"Am. Math. Month."},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin, D.B.: Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Wiley (1987)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696"},{"key":"3_CR25","unstructured":"Seaman, S.R., White, I.R.: Review of inverse probability weighting for dealing with missing data (2013)"},{"key":"3_CR26","series-title":"SpringerBriefs in Statistics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55784-5","volume-title":"Statistical Causal Discovery: LiNGAM Approach","author":"S Shimizu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shimizu, S.: Statistical Causal Discovery: LiNGAM Approach. SpringerBriefs in Statistics, Springer, Japan, Tokyo (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-4-431-55784-5"},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimmura, T., Yoshimura, T.: Circadian clock determines the timing of rooster crowing (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.02.015"},{"key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoush, M., Dumas, M.: When to intervene? Prescriptive process monitoring under uncertainty and resource constraints. In: Business Process Management Forum, pp. 207\u2013223. Springer, Cham (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16171-1_13"},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., Scheines, R.: Causation, Prediction, and Search. The MIT Press (2001)","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1754.001.0001"},{"issue":"5","key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3444944","volume":"15","author":"L Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao, L., Chu, Z., Li, S., Li, Y., Gao, J., Zhang, A.: A survey on causal inference. ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data 15(5), 1\u201346 (2021)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","Business Process Management Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-02929-4_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T16:02:56Z","timestamp":1757433776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-02929-4_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"ISBN":["9783032029287","9783032029294"],"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-02929-4_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1348","1865-1356"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-1348"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-1356"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"BPM","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Business Process Management","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Seville","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Spain","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"31 August 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"5 September 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"23","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"bpm2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.bpm2025seville.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}