{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:02:46Z","timestamp":1786978966725,"version":"build-2736575974"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032042064","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032042071","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04207-1_16","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T03:32:11Z","timestamp":1757388731000},"page":"231-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Reasoning Framework for\u00a0Architecting Carbon-Aware Software-as-a-Service Applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Samuele","family":"Giussani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Caporuscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Perez-Palacin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"16_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Acun, B., et\u00a0al.: Carbon explorer: A holistic framework for designing carbon aware datacenters. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, vol. 2, pp. 118\u2013132. ASPLOS 2023. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3575693.3575754","DOI":"10.1145\/3575693.3575754"},{"issue":"9","key":"16_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-023-01167-9","volume":"105","author":"J Andersson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andersson, J., Caporuscio, M., D\u2019Angelo, M., Napolitano, A.: Architecting decentralized control in large-scale self-adaptive systems. Computing 105(9), 1849\u20131882 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00607-023-01167-9","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"16_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100273","volume":"12","author":"MS Aslanpour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aslanpour, M.S., Gill, S.S., Toosi, A.N.: Performance evaluation metrics for cloud, fog and edge computing: A review, taxonomy, benchmarks and standards for future research. Internet Things 12, 100273 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100273","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"16_CR4","unstructured":"Banks, J., Carson, J.S., Nelson, B.L., Nicol, D.M.: Discrete-Event System Simulation (5th Edition). Pearson Education (2010)"},{"key":"16_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bass, L., Ivers, J., Klein, M.H., Merson, P.F.: Reasoning Frameworks. Tech. rep., Carnegie Mellon University, July 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1184\/R1\/6582911.v1","DOI":"10.1184\/R1\/6582911.v1"},{"key":"16_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Belkhir, L., Elmeligi, A.: Assessing ict global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations. J. Clean. Prod. 177 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.12.239"},{"key":"16_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110371","volume":"245","author":"C Centofanti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Centofanti, C., Santos, J., Gudepu, V., Kondepu, K.: Impact of power consumption in containerized clouds: a comprehensive analysis of open-source power measurement tools. Comput. Netw. 245, 110371 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110371","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"16_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cla\u00dfen, H., Thierfeldt, J., Tochman-Szewc, J., Wiesner, P., Kao, O.: Carbon-Awareness in CI\/CD. In: Monti, F., et\u00a0al. (eds.) Service-Oriented Computing \u2013 ICSOC 2023 Workshops, pp. 213\u2013224. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-0989-2_17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-0989-2_17"},{"key":"16_CR9","unstructured":"Cook, S., et\u00a0al.: Unified modeling language (UML) version 2.5.1. Standard, Object Management Group (OMG), December 2017. https:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/2.5.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"16_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-018-9685-y","volume":"17","author":"MTM Emmerich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emmerich, M.T.M., Deutz, A.H.: A tutorial on multiobjective optimization: fundamentals and evolutionary methods. Nat. Comput. 17(3), 585\u2013609 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11047-018-9685-y","journal-title":"Nat. Comput."},{"key":"16_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Forti, S., Soldani, J., Brogi, A.: Carbon-aware software services. In: Pahl, C., Janes, A., Cerny, T., Lenarduzzi, V., Esposito, M. (eds.) Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing, pp. 65\u201380. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-84617-5_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-84617-5_6"},{"key":"16_CR12","volume-title":"Building Multi-Tenant SaaS Architectures","author":"T Golding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Golding, T.: Building Multi-Tenant SaaS Architectures. Inc, O\u2019Reilly Media (2024)"},{"key":"16_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118625651","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Queueing Theory","author":"D Gross","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gross, D., Shortle, J.F., Thompson, J.M., Harris, C.M.: Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, 4th edn. Wiley-Interscience, USA (2008)","edition":"4"},{"key":"16_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2024.01.033","volume":"155","author":"A Guldner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guldner, A., et al.: Development and evaluation of a reference measurement model for assessing the resource and energy efficiency of software products and components\u2013green software measurement model (gsmm). Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 155, 402\u2013418 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2024.01.033","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"16_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2022.3163226","volume":"42","author":"U Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta, U., Kim, Y.G., Lee, S., Tse, J., Lee, H.H.S., Wei, G.Y., Brooks, D., Wu, C.J.: Chasing carbon: The elusive environmental footprint of computing. IEEE Micro 42(4), 37\u201347 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MM.2022.3163226","journal-title":"IEEE Micro"},{"key":"16_CR16","unstructured":"Im, T., Vullam, S., McGregor, J.D.: Reasoning about safety during software architecture design. In: Rahal, I., Zalila-Wenkstern, R. (eds.) ISCA 19th International Conference on Software Engineering and Data Engineering (SEDE-2010) June 16-18, 2010, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp.\u00a01\u20138. ISCA (2010)"},{"key":"16_CR17","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC 21031:2024: Information technology \u2013 Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) specification. Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, CH (Mar 2024). https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/86612.html"},{"key":"16_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karita, L., Mour\u00e3o, B.C., Machado, I.: Software industry awareness on green and sustainable software engineering: a state-of-the-practice survey. In: Proceedings of the XXXIII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering, pp. 501\u2013510. SBES \u201919. Association for Computing Machinery, New York(2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3350768.3350770","DOI":"10.1145\/3350768.3350770"},{"key":"16_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2014.07.003","volume":"52","author":"E Kern","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kern, E., Dick, M., Naumann, S., Hiller, T.: Impacts of software and its engineering on the carbon footprint of ict. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 52, 53\u201361 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eiar.2014.07.003","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"16_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Kistowski, J., et\u00a0al.: Microservice Benchmark Applications, pp. 305\u2013321. Springer Nature Switzerland (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-85634-1_15"},{"issue":"9","key":"16_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2023.10251799","volume":"21","author":"T Nazar\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nazar\u00e9, T., Gadelha, J., Nepomuceno, E., Lozi, R.: Green computing for energy transition: a survey. IEEE Lat. Am. Trans. 21(9), 937\u2013948 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TLA.2023.10251799","journal-title":"IEEE Lat. Am. Trans."},{"issue":"3","key":"16_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/3698365.3698368","volume":"4","author":"P Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel, P., Gregersen, T., Anderson, T.: An agile pathway towards carbon-aware clouds. SIGENERGY Energy Inform. Rev. 4(3), 10\u201317 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3698365.3698368","journal-title":"SIGENERGY Energy Inform. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"16_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3173250","volume":"38","author":"A Radovanovi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Radovanovi\u0107, A., et al.: Carbon-aware computing for datacenters. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 38(2), 1270\u20131280 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3173250","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"16_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01218-y","volume":"15","author":"A Saboor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saboor, A., Mahmood, A.K., Omar, A.H., Hassan, M.F., Shah, S.N.M., Ahmadian, A.: Enabling rank-based distribution of microservices among containers for green cloud computing environment. Peer-to-Peer Networking Appl. 15(1), 77\u201391 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-021-01218-y","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Networking Appl."},{"key":"16_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saltan, A., Smolander, K.: Towards a saas pricing cookbook: a multi-vocal literature review. In: International Conference on Software Business (2019). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:207946350","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33742-1_10"},{"issue":"3","key":"16_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1145\/3698365.3698374","volume":"4","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schmidt, A., et al.: carbond: an operating-system daemon for carbon awareness. SIGENERGY Energy Inform. Rev. 4(3), 52\u201357 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3698365.3698374","journal-title":"SIGENERGY Energy Inform. Rev."},{"key":"16_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shen, Z., et\u00a0al.: X-Containers: Breaking Down Barriers to Improve Performance and Isolation of Cloud-Native Containers. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 121\u2013135. ASPLOS \u201919. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3297858.3304016","DOI":"10.1145\/3297858.3304016"},{"key":"16_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva\u00a0Filho, M.C., Oliveira, R.L., Monteiro, C.C., In\u00e1cio, P.R.M., Freire, M.M.: Cloudsim plus: A cloud computing simulation framework pursuing software engineering principles for improved modularity, extensibility and correctness. In: 2017 IFIP\/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM), pp. 400\u2013406 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/INM.2017.7987304","DOI":"10.23919\/INM.2017.7987304"},{"key":"16_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Souza, A., et\u00a0al.: Ecovisor: A Virtual Energy System for Carbon-Efficient Applications. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, vol. 2, pp. 252\u2013265. ASPLOS 2023. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3575693.3575709","DOI":"10.1145\/3575693.3575709"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Software Engineering and Advanced Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04207-1_16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T03:30:42Z","timestamp":1785555042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04207-1_16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"ISBN":["9783032042064","9783032042071"],"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04207-1_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SEAA","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Salerno","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"51","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"seaa-12025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/dsd-seaa.com\/seaa2025\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}