{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:23:03Z","timestamp":1789939383369,"version":"4.0.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":123,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032043566","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032043573","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:12:13Z","timestamp":1762888333000},"page":"33-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D and Autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Fabr\u00edcia Lima","family":"Fontes-Dantas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaella","family":"de Carvalho Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Gripp","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adams JS, Hewison M (2008) Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 4(2):80\u201390. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpendmet0716","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0716"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adorini L, Penna G (2008) Control of autoimmune diseases by the vitamin D endocrine system. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 4(8):404\u2013412. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncprheum0855","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0855"},{"key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agliardi C et al (2011) Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene SNPs influence VDR expression and modulate protection from multiple sclerosis in HLA-DRB1*15-positive individuals. Brain Behav Immun 25(7):1460\u20131467. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.05.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.05.015"},{"key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agmon-Levin N et al (2012) Low levels of vitamin-D are associated with neuropathy and lymphoma among patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. J Autoimmun 39(3):234\u2013239. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.05.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.05.018"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agnello L et al (2018) CYP27A1, CYP24A1, and RXR-\u03b1 polymorphisms, vitamin D, and multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. J Mol Neurosci 66(1):77\u201384. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1152-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1152-9"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Gharrawi ANR, Anvari E, Fateh A (2023) Association of ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients according to different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sci Rep 13(1):3612. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30859-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30859-7"},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ananthakrishnan AN et al (2012) Higher predicted vitamin D status is associated with reduced risk of Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 142(3):482\u2013489. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.11.040","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.11.040"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ananthakrishnan AN et al (2013) Normalization of plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D is associated with reduced risk of surgery in Crohn\u2019s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 19(9):1921\u20131927. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MIB.0b013e3182902ad9","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e3182902ad9"},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ananthakrishnan AN et al (2014) Association between reduced plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D and increased risk of cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(5):821\u2013827. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.10.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.10.011"},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ascherio A, Munger KL (2007) Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of infection. Ann Neurol 61(4):288\u2013299. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21117","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21117"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Athanassiou L et al (2023) Vitamin D and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Biomolecules 13(4). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13040709","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040709"},{"key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baldini C et al (2014) Vitamin D in \u201cearly\u201d primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: does it play a role in influencing disease phenotypes? Rheumatol Int 34(8):1159\u20131164. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-013-2872-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2872-3"},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barthel A et al (2019) An update on Addison\u2019s disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 127(2\u201303):165\u2013175. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0804-2715","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0804-2715"},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bastos TSB, Braga TT, Davanso MR (2022) Vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 1 diabetes modulation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 22(8):815\u2013833. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871530322666220103114450","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530322666220103114450"},{"key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bikle DD (2014) Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chem Biol 21(3):319\u2013329. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.12.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.12.016"},{"key":"4_CR16","first-page":"438","volume":"19","author":"G Bizzaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bizzaro G et al (2017) Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases: is vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism the culprit? Isr Med Assoc J 19:438\u2013443","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bogh MKB et al (2012) Narrowband ultraviolet B three times per week is more effective in treating vitamin D deficiency than 1600 IU oral vitamin D3 per day: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 167(3):625\u2013630. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11069.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11069.x"},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braniste V et al (2009) The gut microbiota influences blood\u2013brain barrier permeability in mice. J Med Sci 17(1):53\u201355. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759.The","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759.The"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bro\u017cyna AA et al (2022) Vitamin D signaling in psoriasis: pathogenesis and therapy. Int J Mol Sci 23(15) Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158575","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158575"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carlberg C (2023) Genomic signaling of vitamin D. Steroids 198(May):109271. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2023.109271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2023.109271"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR21","first-page":"132","volume":"26","author":"N Charoenngam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Charoenngam N, Holick MF (2013) Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease. Am Heart J 26(2):132\u2013143. Available at: file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/User\/AppData\/Local\/Mendeley Ltd.\/Mendeley Desktop\/Downloaded\/Charoenngam, Holick - 2020 - Immunologic effects of vitamin d on human health and disease.pdf","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen S et al (2007) Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B-cell differentiation. J Immunol 179(3):1634\u20131647. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1634","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1634"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cippitelli M, Santoni A (1998) Vitamin D3: a transcriptional modulator of the interferon-gamma gene. Eur J Immunol 28(10):3017\u20133030. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199810)28:10<3017::AID-IMMU3017>3.0.CO;2-6","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199810)28:10<3017::AID-IMMU3017>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corrado A et al (2015) Relationship between body mass composition, bone mineral density, skin fibrosis and 25(OH) vitamin D serum levels in systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 10(9):e0137912. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137912","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137912"},{"key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dankers W et al (2017) Vitamin D in autoimmunity: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 7:697. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00697","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00697"},{"key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daryabor G, Gholijani N, Kahmini FR (2023) A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system. Exp Mol Pathol 132\u2013133:104866. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexmp.2023.104866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2023.104866"},{"key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delrue C et al (2024) Investigating vitamin D-binding protein\u2019s role in childhood health and development. Int J Mol Sci. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25116272","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116272"},{"key":"4_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Denton CP, Khanna D (2017) Systemic sclerosis. Lancet 390(10103):1685\u20131699. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30933-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30933-9"},{"key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong J-Y et al (2013) Vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients 5(9):3551\u20133562. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu5093551","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5093551"},{"key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duan L et al (2018) Effects of CYP2R1 gene variants on vitamin D levels and status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene:361\u2013369. Elsevier B.V. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.056"},{"key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fetahu IS, H\u00f6baus J, K\u00e1llay E (2014) Vitamin D and the epigenome. Front Physiol 5(April):1\u201312. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2014.00164","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00164"},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Filippi M et al (2018) Multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Prim 4(1):43. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-018-0041-4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0041-4"},{"key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gillespie KM (2006) Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. Can Med Assoc J 175(2):165\u2013170. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.060244","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060244"},{"key":"4_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gleba JJ et al (2022) Polymorphism of VDR gene and the sensitivity of human leukemia and lymphoma cells to active forms of vitamin D. Cancers 14(2). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14020387","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020387"},{"key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Groseanu L et al (2016) Low vitamin D status in systemic sclerosis and the impact on disease phenotype. Eur J Rheumatol 3(2):50\u201355. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/eurjrheum.2015.0065","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2015.0065"},{"key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guan Y et al (2020) The effect of vitamin d supplementation on rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med 7:596007. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.596007","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.596007"},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haldar D et al (2018) Association of VDBP and CYP2R1 gene polymorphisms with vitamin D status in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a north Indian study. Eur J Nutr 57(2):703\u2013711. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-016-1357-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1357-z"},{"key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haussler MR et al (1998) The nuclear vitamin D receptor: biological and molecular regulatory properties revealed. J Bone Miner Res 13(3):325\u2013349. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.3.325","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.3.325"},{"key":"4_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heine G et al (2008) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) promotes IL-10 production in human B cells. Eur J Immunol 38(8):2210\u20132218. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200838216","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838216"},{"key":"4_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hewison M (2012) Vitamin D and immune function: an overview. Proc Nutr Soc 71(1):50\u201361. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665111001650","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665111001650"},{"key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holick MF (2006) Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. J Clin Invest:2062\u20132072. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI29449","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29449"},{"key":"4_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holtrop ME et al (1986) Effects of serum calcium and phosphorus on skeletal mineralization in vitamin D-deficient rats. Am J Phys 251(2 Pt 1):E234\u2013E240. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1986.251.2.E234","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1986.251.2.E234"},{"key":"4_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hou Y et al (2021) A dose\u2013response meta-analysis between serum concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr 75(7):1010\u20131023. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-020-00813-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00813-1"},{"key":"4_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hypp\u00f6nen E et al (2009) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IgE\u2013a significant but nonlinear relationship. Allergy 64(4):613\u2013620. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01865.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01865.x"},{"key":"4_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Illescas-Montes R et al (2019) Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases. Life Sci 233:116744. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116744"},{"key":"4_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Irfan SA et al (2022) Effects of vitamin D on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and autoimmunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 14(6):e25896. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.25896","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25896"},{"key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeffery LE et al (2009) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IL-2 combine to inhibit T-cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 and FoxP3. J Immunol 183(9):5458\u20135467. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0803217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803217"},{"key":"4_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeong SP, Sharma N, An SSA (2024) Role of calcitriol and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25094806","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094806"},{"key":"4_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonsson R et al (2018) Current concepts on Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome\u2013classification criteria and biomarkers. Eur J Oral Sci 126(Suppl 1):37\u201348. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eos.12536","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12536"},{"key":"4_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen SP et al (2010) Clinical trial: vitamin D3 treatment in Crohn\u2019s disease\u2013a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 32(3):377\u2013383. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04355.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04355.x"},{"key":"4_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karki R et al (2015) Defining \u201cmutation\u201d and \u201cpolymorphism\u201d in the era of personal genomics. BMC Med Genet 8:37. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12920-015-0115-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-015-0115-z"},{"key":"4_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaul A et al (2016) Systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2(1):16039. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.39","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.39"},{"key":"4_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khayyatzadeh SS et al (2019) A variant in CYP2R1 predicts circulating vitamin D levels after supplementation with high-dose of vitamin D in healthy adolescent girls. J Cell Physiol 234(8):13977\u201313983. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.28083","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28083"},{"key":"4_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khundmiri SJ, Murray RD, Lederer E (2016) PTH and Vitamin D. Compr Physiol 6(2):561\u2013601. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c140071","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140071"},{"key":"4_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Knight JC (2005) Regulatory polymorphisms underlying complex disease traits. J Mol Med (Berl) 83(2):97\u2013109. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-004-0603-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-004-0603-7"},{"key":"4_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kongsbak M et al (2013) The vitamin d receptor and T-cell function. Front Immunol 4:148. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00148","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00148"},{"key":"4_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kraus AU et al (2018) Vitamin D effects on monocytes\u2019 CCL-2, IL6 and CD14 transcription in Addison\u2019s disease and HLA susceptibility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 177:53\u201358. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.07.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.07.026"},{"key":"4_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwon Y-C et al (2019) Update on the genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: genome-wide association studies and beyond. Cells 8(10). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8101180","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101180"},{"key":"4_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Langer-Gould A et al (2018) Vitamin d-binding protein polymorphisms, 25-hydroxyvitamin d, sunshine and multiple sclerosis. Nutrients 10(2). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10020184","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020184"},{"key":"4_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li L, Chen J, Jiang Y (2019) The association between vitamin D level and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis:532\u2013533. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.13474","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13474"},{"key":"4_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu PT et al (2006) Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response (Science) 311(5768):1770\u20131773. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1123933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933"},{"key":"4_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mahon BD et al (2003) The targets of vitamin D depend on the differentiation and activation status of CD4 positive T cells. J Cell Biochem 89(5):922\u2013932. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.10580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10580"},{"key":"4_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manousaki D et al (2021) Vitamin D levels and risk of type 1 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. PLoS Med 18(2):e1003536. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003536"},{"key":"4_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mendes AKB et al (2022) 1\u03b1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 prevents insulin resistance and regulates coordinated exocytosis and insulin secretion. J Nutr Biochem 99:108864. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108864"},{"key":"4_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mok CC (2006) Accelerated atherosclerosis, arterial thromboembolism, and preventive strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 35(2):85\u201395. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03009740600601526","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740600601526"},{"key":"4_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mok CC (2013) Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: an update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 9(5):453\u2013463. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/eci.13.19","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.13.19"},{"key":"4_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Monticielo OA et al (2012) Vitamin D and polymorphisms of VDR gene in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 31(10):1411\u20131421. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-012-2021-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-012-2021-5"},{"key":"4_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mouterde G et al (2020) Association between vitamin D deficiency and disease activity, disability, and radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: the ESPOIR cohort. J Rheumatol 47(11):1624\u20131628. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.190795","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190795"},{"key":"4_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mukherjee D et al (2019) Effect of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 supplementation on pain relief in early rheumatoid arthritis. J Family Med Prim Care 8(2):517\u2013522. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_446_18","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_446_18"},{"key":"4_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00fcller K et al (1990) Abnormal vitamin D3 metabolism in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 49(9):682\u2013684. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.49.9.682","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.9.682"},{"key":"4_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muscogiuri G et al (2014) Mechanisms in endocrinology: vitamin D as a potential contributor in endocrine health and disease. Eur J Endocrinol 171(3):R101\u2013R110. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-14-0158","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0158"},{"key":"4_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagy L et al (2012) Nuclear hormone receptors enable macrophages and dendritic cells to sense their lipid environment and shape their immune response. Physiol Rev 92(2):739\u2013789. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00004.2011","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00004.2011"},{"key":"4_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oksenberg JR et al (2008) The genetics of multiple sclerosis: SNPs to pathways to pathogenesis. Nat Rev Genet 9(7):516\u2013526. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg2395","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2395"},{"key":"4_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pani MA et al (2002) Vitamin D receptor genotype is associated with Addison\u2019s disease. Eur J Endocrinol 147(5):635\u2013640. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1470635","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1470635"},{"key":"4_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Penna-Martinez M et al (2018) High-dose vitamin D in Addison\u2019s disease regulates T cells and monocytes: a pilot trial. Nutrition 49:66\u201373. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2017.10.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.10.021"},{"key":"4_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P\u00e9rier RC et al (2000) The eukaryotic promoter database (EPD). Nucleic Acids Res 28(1):302\u2013303. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/28.1.302","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.302"},{"key":"4_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Souberbielle J-C (2017) Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: an update. Mult Scler Relat Disord 14:35\u201345. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2017.03.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.03.014"},{"key":"4_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Radi\u0107 M et al (2023) Vitamin D and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease: revealing the connections-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 15(3) Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15030497","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030497"},{"key":"4_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raftery T et al (2015) Effects of vitamin D supplementation on intestinal permeability, cathelicidin and disease markers in Crohn\u2019s disease: results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. United European Gastroenterol J 3(3):294\u2013302. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050640615572176","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615572176"},{"key":"4_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramagopalan SV et al (2013) Hospital admissions for vitamin D related conditions and subsequent immune-mediated disease: record-linkage studies. BMC Med 11:171. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1741-7015-11-171","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-171"},{"key":"4_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramos-Lopez E et al (2008) Gestational diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency: genetic contribution of CYP27B1 and CYP2R1 polymorphisms. Diabetes Obes Metab:683\u2013685. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00879.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00879.x"},{"key":"4_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raza S et al (2019) Molecular mechanism of cancer susceptibility associated with Fok1 single-nucleotide polymorphism of VDR in relation to breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 20(1):199\u2013206. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.1.199","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.1.199"},{"key":"4_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reynolds JA et al (2012) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with increased aortic stiffness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology 51(3):544\u2013551. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker352","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker352"},{"key":"4_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robberecht E et al (2011) Sunlight is an important determinant of vitamin D serum concentrations in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 65(5):574\u2013579. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2010.280","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.280"},{"key":"4_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robles-Vera I et al (2019) Impact of vitamin D deficit on the rat gut microbiome. Nutrients 11(11) Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11112564","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112564"},{"key":"4_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roff A, Wilson RT (2008) A novel SNP in a vitamin D response element of the CYP24A1 promoter reduces protein binding, transactivation, and gene expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 112(1\u20133):47\u201354. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2008.08.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2008.08.009"},{"key":"4_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rozmus D et al (2022) Rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein-encoding gene (VDBP) and the risk of diseases. Int J Mol Sci. MDPI. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23020933","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020933"},{"key":"4_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruiz-Ballesteros AI et al (2020) Association of vitamin D metabolism gene polymorphisms with autoimmunity: evidence in population genetic studies. Int J Mol Sci 21(24):1\u201324. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21249626","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249626"},{"key":"4_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saccone D, Asani F, Bornman L (2015) Regulation of the vitamin D receptor gene by environment, genetics and epigenetics. Gene:171\u2013180. Elsevier B.V. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2015.02.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.02.024"},{"key":"4_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahay M, Sahay R (2012) Rickets-vitamin D deficiency and dependency. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 16(2):164\u2013176. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2230-8210.93732","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.93732"},{"key":"4_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sakyi SA et al (2022) Profiling vitamin D, its mediators and proinflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: a case\u2013control study. Immun Inflamm Dis 10(8):e676. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.676","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.676"},{"key":"4_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salimi S et al (2019) Vitamin D receptor rs2228570 and rs731236 polymorphisms are susceptible factors for systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Biomed Res 8:48. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/abr.abr_19_19","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_19_19"},{"key":"4_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samson CM et al (2012) Improved outcomes with quality improvement interventions in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 55(6):679\u2013688. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318262de16","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318262de16"},{"key":"4_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sandler S, Buschard K, Bendtzen K (1994) Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the analogs MC903 and KH1060 on interleukin-1\u03b2-induced inhibition of rat pancreatic islet \u03b2-cell function in vitro. Immunol Lett 41(1):73\u201377. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-2478(94)90059-0","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(94)90059-0"},{"key":"4_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sangha A et al (2023) The role of vitamin D in neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: an update. Nutrients 15(13) Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15132978","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132978"},{"key":"4_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scazzone C et al (2021) Vitamin D and genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Biochem Genet 59(1):1\u201330. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10528-020-10010-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-020-10010-1"},{"key":"4_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shoemaker TJ, Mowry EM (2018) A review of vitamin D supplementation as disease-modifying therapy. Mult Scler 24(1):6\u201311. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458517738131","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517738131"},{"key":"4_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simpson SJ et al (2011) Latitude is significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82(10):1132\u20131141. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2011.240432","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2011.240432"},{"key":"4_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S\u00eerbe C et al (2022) An update on the effects of vitamin D on the immune system and autoimmune diseases. Int J Mol Sci 23(17) Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23179784","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179784"},{"key":"4_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Slominski A et al (2013) 20S-hydroxyvitamin D3, noncalcemic product of CYP11A1 action on vitamin D3, exhibits potent antifibrogenic activity in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(2):E298\u2013E303. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-3074","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3074"},{"key":"4_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB (2016) Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 388(10055):2023\u20132038. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8"},{"key":"4_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stachowicz-Suhs M et al (2024) Calcitriol promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer via the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Sci Rep 14(1):3778. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-54433-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54433-x"},{"key":"4_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Terao M et al (2015) A vitamin D analog inhibits Th2 cytokine- and TGF\u03b2 -induced periostin production in fibroblasts: a potential role for vitamin D in skin sclerosis. Dermatoendocrinol 7(1):e1010983. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19381980.2015.1010983","DOI":"10.1080\/19381980.2015.1010983"},{"key":"4_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thacher TD et al (2015) CYP2R1 mutations impair generation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cause an atypical form of vitamin D deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 100(7):E1005\u2013E1013. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-1746","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1746"},{"key":"4_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trefilio LM et al (2024) The impact of genetic variants related to vitamin D and autoimmunity: a systematic review. Heliyon 10(7):e27700. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27700"},{"key":"4_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uitterlinden AG et al (2004) Genetics and biology of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. Gene 338(2):143\u2013156. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2004.05.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.05.014"},{"key":"4_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Usategui-Mart\u00edn R et al (2022) Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms modify the response to vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 14(2) Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14020360","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020360"},{"key":"4_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Usategui A et al (2014) Topical vitamin D analog calcipotriol reduces skin fibrosis in experimental scleroderma. Arch Dermatol Res 306(8):757\u2013761. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-014-1466-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-014-1466-6"},{"key":"4_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vacca A et al (2009) Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in 2 independent cohorts of patients with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 36(9):1924\u20131929. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.081287","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081287"},{"key":"4_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vanderlinden LA et al (2022) Relationship between a vitamin D genetic risk score and autoantibodies among first-degree relatives of probands with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 13:881332. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.881332","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.881332"},{"issue":"11","key":"4_CR111","first-page":"661","volume":"98","author":"B Veauthier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Veauthier B, Hornecker JR (2018) Crohn\u2019s disease: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician 98(11):661\u2013669","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"4_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Voltan G et al (2023) Vitamin D: An overview of gene regulation, ranging from metabolism to genomic effects. Genes 14(9). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14091691","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14091691"},{"key":"4_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ward M, Goldman MD (2022) Epidemiology and pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 28(4):988\u20131005. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000001136","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001136"},{"key":"4_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"White JH (2018) Vitamin D deficiency and the pathogenesis of Crohn\u2019s disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 175:23\u201328. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.12.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.12.015"},{"key":"4_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu PW et al (2009) 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 61(10):1387\u20131395. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24785","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24785"},{"key":"4_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamamoto EA, J\u00f8rgensen TN (2020) Relationships between vitamin D, gut microbiome, and systemic autoimmunity. Front Immunol 10(January):1\u201313. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03141","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03141"},{"key":"4_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan X et al (2023) Combination therapy with saxagliptin and vitamin D for the preservation of \u03b2-cell function in adult-onset type 1 diabetes: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8(1):158. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01369-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01369-9"},{"key":"4_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu J et al (2022) Vitamin D and Beta cells in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 23(22). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232214434","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214434"},{"key":"4_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zawadzka K et al (2021) Vitamin D status and its associations with clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with Addison\u2019s disease. Folia Med Cracov 61(2):65\u201378. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24425\/fmc.2021.137224","DOI":"10.24425\/fmc.2021.137224"},{"key":"4_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zerr P et al (2015) Vitamin D receptor regulates TGF-\u03b2 signaling in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 74(3):e20. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204378","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204378"},{"key":"4_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang R et al (2021) Genetic variant of RXR involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway was linked to HCV infection outcomes among a high-risk Chinese population. Infect Genet Evol 87. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104641"},{"key":"4_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y et al (2012) Vitamin D inhibits monocyte\/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. J Immunol 188(5):2127\u20132135. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1102412","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102412"},{"key":"4_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao M et al (2023) Serum vitamin D levels and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 25(1):79. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03062-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03062-2"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Vitamin D Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:37:55Z","timestamp":1777376275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"ISBN":["9783032043566","9783032043573"],"references-count":123,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"},{"value":"2214-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}