{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:10:30Z","timestamp":1781179830521,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":229,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032043566","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032043573","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:12:19Z","timestamp":1762888339000},"page":"51-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vitamin D and Brain Health"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Rahnuma","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kona","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susmita","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6124-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mainul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)85783-0","volume":"53","author":"EV McCollum","year":"1922","unstructured":"McCollum EV, Simmonds BJE et al (1922) Studies on experimental rickets: xxi. An experimental demonstration of the existence of a vitamin which promotes calcium deposition. J Biol Chem 53(2):293\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)85783-0","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030593","volume":"15","author":"MF Holick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holick MF (2023) The one-hundred-year anniversary of the discovery of the sunshine vitamin D3: historical, personal experience and evidence-based perspectives. Nutrients 15(3):593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15030593","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-019-04288-z","volume":"43","author":"P Hernigou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hernigou P, Auregan JC, Dubory A (2019) Vitamin D: part II; cod liver oil, ultraviolet radiation, and eradication of rickets. Int Orthop 43(3):735\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-019-04288-z","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"5_CR4","unstructured":"Dahash BA, Sankararaman S (2025) Rickets. [Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK562285\/. Accessed 23 May 2025"},{"issue":"22","key":"5_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7469","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28227469","volume":"28","author":"SMT Gharibzahedi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gharibzahedi SMT, Moghadam M, Amft J et al (2023) Recent advances in dietary sources, health benefits, emerging encapsulation methods, food fortification, and new sensor-based monitoring of vitamin B12: a critical review. Molecules 28(22):7469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28227469","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061743","volume":"12","author":"V Polzonetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polzonetti V, Pucciarelli S, Vincenzetti S et al (2020) Dietary intake of vitamin D from dairy products reduces the risk of osteoporosis. Nutrients 12(6):1743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12061743","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174425000108","volume":"16","author":"R Meitern","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meitern R, Valge M et al (2025) Birth season associates with multiple anthropometric traits in Estonian children. J Dev Orig Health Dis 16:e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2040174425000108","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46227-7_2","volume":"1268","author":"MF Holick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holick MF (2020) Sunlight, UV radiation, vitamin D, and skin cancer: how much sunlight do we need? Adv Exp Med Biol 1268:19\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-46227-7_2","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.04.007","volume":"60","author":"SW Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang SW, Lee HC (2019) Vitamin D and health \u2014 the missing vitamin in humans. Pediatr Neonatol 60(3):237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.04.007","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"5_CR10","unstructured":"Ashley RD (2018) Ask the doctors \u2212 how much sunshine do I need for enough vitamin D? UCLA Health. Available at https:\/\/www.uclahealth.org\/news\/article\/ask-the-doctors-round-sun-exposure-vital-to-vitamin-d-production. Accessed 17 Dec 2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.06.001","volume":"29","author":"G Carmeliet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carmeliet G, Dermauw V, Bouillon R (2015) Vitamin D signaling in calcium and bone homeostasis: a delicate balance. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 29(4):621\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2015.06.001","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9324505","volume":"2020","author":"HK Bhattarai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhattarai HK, Shrestha S, Rokka K et al (2020) Vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and sex steroids in bone health and effects of aging. J Osteoporos 2020:9324505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9324505","journal-title":"J Osteoporos"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12403","volume":"83","author":"I Szymczak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szymczak I, Pawliczak R (2016) The active metabolite of vitamin D3 as a potential Immunomodulator. Scand J Immunol 83(2):83\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.12403","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"5_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186644","volume":"21","author":"I Szymczak-Pajor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Szymczak-Pajor I, Drzewoski J, \u015aliwi\u0144ska A (2020) The molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D prevents insulin resistance and associated disorders. Int J Mol Sci 21(18):6644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21186644","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"5_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163351","volume":"14","author":"JC Fleet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fleet JC (2022) Vitamin D-mediated regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. Nutrients 14(16):3351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14163351","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107776","volume":"187","author":"X Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu X, Chen Z, Vick S et al (2019) Vitamin D receptor and metabolite effects on corneal epithelial cell gap junction proteins. Exp Eye Res 187:107776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107776","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"5_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911992","volume":"23","author":"SA AlGhamdi","year":"2022","unstructured":"AlGhamdi SA, Enaibsi NN, Alsufiani HM et al (2022) A single oral vitamin D3 bolus reduces inflammatory markers in healthy Saudi males. Int J Mol Sci 23(19):11992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231911992","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3174_22","volume":"71","author":"B Gorimanipalli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gorimanipalli B, Shetty R, Sethu S et al (2023) Vitamin D and eye: current evidence and practice guidelines. Indian J Ophthalmol 71(4):1127\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3174_22","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021458","volume":"24","author":"M Rolando","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rolando M, Barabino S (2023) Dry eye disease: what is the role of vitamin D? Int J Mol Sci 24(2):1458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24021458","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"5_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122764","volume":"18","author":"MOW Grimm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grimm MOW, Thiel A, Lauer AA et al (2017) Vitamin D and its analogues decrease amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) formation and increase A\u03b2-degradation. Int J Mol Sci 18(12):2764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18122764","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"5_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121878","volume":"16","author":"M Mrugacz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mrugacz M, Pie\u0144czykowska K, Bryl A (2024) The role of vitamin D3 in ocular diseases. Nutrients 16(12):1878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16121878","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.025","volume":"40","author":"F de la Gu\u00eda-Galipienso","year":"2021","unstructured":"de la Gu\u00eda-Galipienso F, Mart\u00ednez-Ferran M, Vallecillo N et al (2021) Vitamin D and cardiovascular health. Clin Nutr 40(5):2946\u20132957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.025","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49734","volume":"15","author":"F Haider","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haider F, Ghafoor H, Hassan OF et al (2023) Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: an update. Cureus 15(11):e49734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.49734","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"9","key":"5_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28873","volume":"14","author":"M Hazique","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hazique M, Khan KI, Ramesh P et al (2022) A study of vitamin D and its correlation with severity and complication of congestive heart failure: a systematic review. Cureus 14(9):e28873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.28873","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"10","key":"5_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103603","volume":"13","author":"N Cosentino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cosentino N, Campodonico J, Milazzo V et al (2021) Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: current evidence and future perspectives. Nutrients 13(10):3603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13103603","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.07.006","volume":"180","author":"MS Razzaque","year":"2018","unstructured":"Razzaque MS (2018) Can adverse effects of excessive vitamin D supplementation occur without developing hypervitaminosis D? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 180:81\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.07.006","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3390\/life11050452","volume":"11","author":"M Izzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izzo M, Carrizzo A, Izzo C et al (2021) Vitamin D: not just bone metabolism but a key player in cardiovascular diseases. Life (Basel) 11(5):452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11050452","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3390\/life14050617","volume":"14","author":"C Secondulfo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Secondulfo C, Visco V, Virtuoso N et al (2024) Vitamin D: a bridge between kidney and heart. Life (Basel) 14(5):617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14050617","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0000000000000122","volume":"16","author":"N Trehan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trehan N, Afonso L, Levine DL et al (2017) Vitamin D deficiency, supplementation, and cardiovascular health. Crit Pathw Cardiol 16(3):109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HPC.0000000000000122","journal-title":"Crit Pathw Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/188717","volume":"21","author":"D Pella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pella D, Poruban T, Gonsorcik J et al (2024) Assessment of vitamin D levels in correlation with coronary computed tomography angiography results in a Slovak population. Arch Med Sci 21(2):409\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/188717","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071354","volume":"14","author":"C Carlberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carlberg C (2022) Vitamin D and its target genes. Nutrients 14(7):1354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14071354","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13219","volume":"1376","author":"DD Bikle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bikle DD (2016) Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1376(1):29\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13219","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2015.08.009","volume":"9","author":"S Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen S, Sun Y, Agrawal DK (2015) Vitamin D deficiency and essential hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 9(11):885\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jash.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Aug 21","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"issue":"12","key":"5_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121640","volume":"12","author":"J Immanuel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Immanuel J, Yun S (2023) Vascular inflammatory diseases and endothelial phenotypes. Cells 12(12):1640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12121640","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22827","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50148-7","volume":"13","author":"V Dubourg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dubourg V, Schwerdt G, Schreier B et al (2023) EGFR activation differentially affects the inflammatory profiles of female human aortic and coronary artery endothelial cells. Sci Rep 13(1):22827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-50148-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107051","volume":"26","author":"K Tonami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tonami K, Hayashi T, Uchijima Y et al (2023) Coordinated linear and rotational movements of endothelial cells compartmentalized by VE-cadherin drive angiogenic sprouting. iScience 26(7):107051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107051","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"5_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00020","volume":"6","author":"R Gogiraju","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gogiraju R, Bochenek ML, Sch\u00e4fer K (2019) Angiogenic endothelial cell signaling in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 6:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.054965","volume":"88","author":"M Koenigsberger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koenigsberger M, Sauser R, B\u00e9ny JL et al (2005) Role of the endothelium on arterial vasomotion. Biophys J 88(6):3845\u20133854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1529\/biophysj.104.054965","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"5_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118377","volume":"259","author":"G Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar G, Dey SK, Kundu S (2020) Functional implications of vascular endothelium in regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis to control blood pressure and cardiac functions. Life Sci 259:118377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118377","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313237","volume":"123","author":"X Pi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pi X, Xie L, Patterson C (2018) Emerging roles of vascular endothelium in metabolic homeostasis. Circ Res 123(4):477\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313237","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9010027","volume":"9","author":"G Cimmino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cimmino G, Conte S, Morello M et al (2022) Vitamin D inhibits IL-6 pro-Atherothrombotic effects in human endothelial cells: a potential mechanism for protection against COVID-19 infection? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 9(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd9010027","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-272872","volume":"30","author":"JM Martinez-Moreno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martinez-Moreno JM, Herencia C, Montes de Oca A et al (2016) Vitamin D modulates tissue factor and protease-activated receptor 2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 30(3):1367\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.15-272872","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110649","volume":"9","author":"S Mohammad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammad S, Mishra A, Ashraf MZ (2019) Emerging role of vitamin D and its associated molecules in pathways related to pathogenesis of thrombosis. Biomolecules 9(11):649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9110649","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12461","volume":"51","author":"D Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun D, Luo F, Xing JC, Zhang F, Xu JZ, Zhang ZH (2018) 1,25(OH)2 D3 inhibited Th17 cells differentiation via regulating the NF-\u03baB activity and expression of IL-17. Cell Prolif 51(5):e12461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpr.12461","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"5_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.790513","volume":"8","author":"AS Dusso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dusso AS, Bauerle KT, Bernal-Mizrachi C (2021) Non-classical vitamin D actions for renal protection. Front Med (Lausanne) 8:790513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.790513","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"5_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1145233","volume":"14","author":"LED Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves LED, Andrade-Silva M, Basso PJ et al (2023) Vitamin D and chronic kidney disease: insights on lipid metabolism of tubular epithelial cell and macrophages in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Front Physiol 14:1145233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1145233","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"41","key":"5_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38965","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203736200","volume":"277","author":"JB Cordero","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cordero JB, Cozzolino M, Lu Y et al (2002) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D down-regulates cell membrane growth- and nuclear growth-promoting signals by the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 277(41):38965\u201338971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M203736200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu EL, Cui HX (2016) Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and lipopolysaccharide on mononuclear cell inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy uremia. Genet Mol Res 15(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4238\/gmr.15038553","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15038553"},{"issue":"27","key":"5_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180214122352","volume":"25","author":"S Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang S, Li A, Wang J et al (2018) Vitamin D receptor: a novel therapeutic target for kidney diseases. Curr Med Chem 25(27):3256\u20133271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867325666180214122352","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78045-3","volume":"10","author":"MG Golmohammadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Golmohammadi MG, Banaei S, Nejati K et al (2020) Vitamin D3 and erythropoietin protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via heat shock protein 70 and microRNA-21 expression. Sci Rep 10(1):20906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-78045-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR51","first-page":"E38","volume":"62","author":"N Arfian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arfian N, Muflikhah K, Soeyono SK et al (2016) Vitamin D attenuates kidney fibrosis via reducing fibroblast expansion, inflammation, and epithelial cell apoptosis. Kobe J Med Sci 62(2):E38\u2013E44. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5425134\/pdf\/e38.pdf","journal-title":"Kobe J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.09.001","volume":"30","author":"CC Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu CC, Liao MT, Hsiao PJ et al (2020) Antiproteinuria effect of calcitriol in patients with chronic kidney disease and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized controlled study. J Ren Nutr 30(3):200\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2019.09.001","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v47i3.2148","volume":"47","author":"CA Restrepo Valencia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Restrepo Valencia CA, Aguirre Arango JV (2016) Vitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 2-5. Colomb Med (Cali) 47(3):160\u2013166. Available at https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5091275\/pdf\/1657-9534-cm-47-03-00160.pdf. Accessed 23 May 2025","journal-title":"Colomb Med (Cali)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1369-3","volume":"59","author":"S Giannini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giannini S, Mazzaferro S, Minisola S et al (2017) Raising awareness on the therapeutic role of cholecalciferol in CKD: a multidisciplinary-based opinion. Endocrine 59(2):242\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-017-1369-3","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz266","volume":"36","author":"MA De Jong","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Jong MA, Eisenga MF et al (2021) Fibroblast growth factor 23 and new-onset chronic kidney disease in the general population: the prevention of renal and vascular Endstage disease (PREVEND) study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 36(1):121\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfz266","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"12","key":"5_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10558","volume":"5","author":"N Latic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Latic N, Erben RG (2021) FGF23 and vitamin D metabolism. JBMR Plus 5(12):e10558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm4.10558","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"5_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S207","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.06.64","volume":"7","author":"M Fakhoury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fakhoury M, Levy R, Melamed ML (2019) Vitamin D deficiency and kidney hyperfiltration: a mechanism of kidney injury? Ann Transl Med 7(Suppl 6):S207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2019.06.64","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"5_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00550","volume":"9","author":"E Marcinowska-Suchowierska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marcinowska-Suchowierska E, Kupisz-Urba\u0144ska M, \u0141ukaszkiewicz J et al (2018) Vitamin D toxicity-a clinical perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00550","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2019.09.004","volume":"26","author":"M Ray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ray M, Jovanovich A (2019) Mineral bone abnormalities and vascular calcifications. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 26(6):409\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ackd.2019.09.004","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050652","volume":"10","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhou JJ, Robertson GR et al (2018) Vitamin D in vascular calcification: a double-edged sword? Nutrients 10(5):652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10050652","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.02.017","volume":"35","author":"C P\u00e9rez-Barrios","year":"2016","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Barrios C, Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1lvarez E, Blanco-Navarro I et al (2016) Prevalence of hypercalcemia related to hypervitaminosis D in clinical practice. Clin Nutr 35(6):1354\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.02.017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e417","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usad237","volume":"189","author":"N Mason","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mason N, Sweet LM, Wills Z et al (2024) Vitamin D abuse in pursuit of \u201cgains\u201d resulting in acute kidney injury. Mil Med 189(1\u20132):e417\u2013e419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usad237","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR63","first-page":"491","volume":"6","author":"S Nair","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nair S (2010) Vitamin D deficiency and liver disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol 6(8):491\u2013493. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2950664\/pdf\/GH-06-491.pdf","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.033","volume":"57","author":"MT Kitson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kitson MT, Roberts SK (2012) D-livering the message: the importance of vitamin D status in chronic liver disease. J Hepatol 57(4):897\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.033","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1836-0","volume":"16","author":"NX Hoan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoan NX, Khuyen N, Binh MT et al (2016) Association of vitamin D deficiency with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. BMC Infect Dis 16(1):507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1836-0","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"27","key":"5_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003926","volume":"95","author":"XY Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao XY, Li J, Wang JH et al (2016) Vitamin D serum level is associated with child-Pugh score and metabolic enzyme imbalances but not viral load in chronic hepatitis B patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 95(27):e3926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000003926","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23489","volume":"51","author":"S Petta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petta S, Camm\u00e0 C, Scazzone C et al (2010) Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to interferon-based therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 51(4):1158\u20131167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23489","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.041","volume":"55","author":"B Terrier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Terrier B, Carrat F, Geri G et al (2011) Low 25-OH vitamin D serum levels correlate with severe fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients with chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 55(4):756\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.041","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9091015","volume":"9","author":"I Barchetta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Cavallo MG (2017) Vitamin D supplementation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: present and future. Nutrients 9(9):1015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9091015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i4.445","volume":"24","author":"NX Hoan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoan NX, Tong HV, Song LH et al (2018) Vitamin D deficiency and hepatitis virus-associated liver diseases: a literature review. World J Gastroenterol 24(4):445\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v24.i4.445","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34921","volume":"15","author":"M Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar M, Parchani A, Kant R et al (2023) Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center in Northern India. Cureus 15(2):e34921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34921","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i6.1718","volume":"21","author":"M Eliades","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eliades M, Spyrou E (2015) Vitamin D: a new player in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 21(6):1718\u20131727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v21.i6.1718","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57380-9","volume":"14","author":"SB Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee SB, Jin MH, Yoon JH (2024) The contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to the onset of steatotic liver disease among individuals with metabolic dysfunction. Sci Rep 14(1):6714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-57380-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_404_19","volume":"8","author":"U Baneen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baneen U, Naseem S (2019) Correlation of severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with serum vitamin-D level. J Family Med Prim Care 8(7):2268\u20132277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_404_19","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"13","key":"5_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132166","volume":"16","author":"A Martin-Gorgojo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Martin-Gorgojo A, Martin-Moreno JM (2024) Insights into the role of vitamin D in the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic noncommunicable diseases: shedding further light on a captivating subject. Nutrients 16(13):2166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16132166","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.11.011","volume":"23","author":"PP Lerner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lerner PP, Sharony L, Miodownik C (2018) Association between mental disorders, cognitive disturbances, and vitamin D serum level: current state. Clin Nutr ESPEN 23:89\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.11.011","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"5_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12457-1_8","volume":"1131","author":"J El\u00edes","year":"2020","unstructured":"El\u00edes J, Y\u00e1\u00f1ez M, Pereira TMC et al (2020) An update to calcium binding proteins. Adv Exp Med Biol 1131:183\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-12457-1_8","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"5_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111043","volume":"116","author":"M Acharya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Acharya M, Singh N, Gupta G et al (2024) Vitamin D, Calbindin, and calcium signaling: unraveling the Alzheimer\u2019s connection. Cell Signal 116:111043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111043","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00047.2019","volume":"101","author":"R Schieweck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schieweck R, Ninkovic J, Kiebler MA (2021) RNA-binding proteins balance brain function in health and disease. Physiol Rev 101(3):1309\u20131370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00047.2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010330","volume":"7","author":"MA Pet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pet MA, Brouwer-Brolsma EM (2016) The impact of maternal vitamin D status on offspring brain development and function: a systematic review. Adv Nutr 7(4):665\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/an.115.010330","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000487370","volume":"72","author":"E Larqu\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Larqu\u00e9 E, Morales E, Leis R et al (2018) Maternal and foetal health implications of vitamin D status during pregnancy. Ann Nutr Metab 72(3):179\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000487370","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"5_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094806","volume":"25","author":"SP Jeong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeong SP, Sharma N, An SSA (2024) Role of calcitriol and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 25(9):4806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25094806","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040660","volume":"12","author":"W Laso\u0144","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laso\u0144 W, Jantas D, Le\u015bkiewicz M et al (2023) The vitamin D receptor as a potential target for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases: a narrative review. Cells 12(4):660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12040660","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10419","volume":"5","author":"DW Eyles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eyles DW (2020) Vitamin D: brain and behavior. JBMR Plus 5(1):e10419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm4.10419","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"5_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00058","volume":"8","author":"AL Lardner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lardner AL (2015) Vitamin D and hippocampal development-the story so far. Front Mol Neurosci 8:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00058","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2019.1665854","volume":"24","author":"EY Khairy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khairy EY, Attia MM (2021) Protective effects of vitamin D on neurophysiologic alterations in brain aging: role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Nutr Neurosci 24(8):650\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1028415X.2019.1665854","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"5_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.05.035","volume":"453","author":"X Cui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cui X, Gooch H, Petty A et al (2017) Vitamin D, and the brain: genomic and non-genomic actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 453:131\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2017.05.035","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"5_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S407731","volume":"19","author":"X Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye X, Zhou Q, Ren P et al (2023) The synaptic and circuit functions of vitamin D in neurodevelopment disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 19:1515\u20131530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S407731","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.11.003","volume":"7","author":"LE Gyllenhammer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gyllenhammer LE, Rasmussen JM, Bertele N et al (2022) Maternal inflammation during pregnancy and offspring brain development: the role of mitochondria. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 7(5):498\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.11.003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01198-w","volume":"11","author":"VX Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han VX, Patel S, Jones HF et al (2021) Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 11(1):71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01198-w","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"21","key":"5_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200506093858","volume":"26","author":"G Lisi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lisi G, Ribolsi M, Siracusano A et al (2020) Maternal vitamin D and its role in determining fetal origins of mental health. Curr Pharm Des 26(21):2497\u20132509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612826666200506093858","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"5_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.097","volume":"182","author":"C Lebel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lebel C, Deoni S (2018) The development of brain white matter microstructure. NeuroImage 182:207\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.097","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003602","volume":"18","author":"J Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong J, Franchett EE, Ramos de Oliveira CV et al (2021) Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 18(5):e1003602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003602","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"5_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4250","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194250","volume":"15","author":"MD Rodgers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rodgers MD, Mead MJ, McWhorter CA et al (2023) Vitamin D and child neurodevelopment-a post hoc analysis. Nutrients 15(19):4250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15194250","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-024-00296-0","volume":"14","author":"MC Chien","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chien MC, Huang CY, Wang JH et al (2024) Effects of vitamin D in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses. Nutr Diabetes 14(1):35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-024-00296-0","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"5_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2024.123842","volume":"309","author":"AH Almalki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almalki AH, Alaqel SI, Alharbi A et al (2024) Spectrofluorimetric determination of vitamin D in the serum of autistic and healthy children using functionalized graphene quantum dots. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 309:123842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2024.123842","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0578-y","volume":"26","author":"BK Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee BK, Eyles DW, Magnusson C et al (2021) Developmental vitamin D and autism spectrum disorders: findings from the Stockholm Youth Cohort. Mol Psychiatry 26(5):1578\u20131588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-019-0578-y","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67835-8","volume":"14","author":"M De Marzio","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Marzio M, Lasky-Su J, Chu SH et al (2024) The metabolic role of vitamin D in children\u2019s neurodevelopment: a network study. Sci Rep 14(1):16929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-67835-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"5_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091344","volume":"10","author":"DD Jenkins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jenkins DD, Moss HG, Brown TR et al (2021) NAC and vitamin D improve CNS and plasma oxidative stress in neonatal HIE and are associated with favorable long-term outcomes. Antioxidants (Basel). 10(9):1344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10091344","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)."},{"key":"5_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116514","volume":"209","author":"R Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou R, El Marroun H, McGrath JJ et al (2020) A prospective population-based study of gestational vitamin D status and brain morphology in preadolescents. NeuroImage 209:116514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116514","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"5_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.03.008","volume":"247","author":"R Freedman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freedman R, Hunter SK, Law AJ et al (2022) Choline, folic acid, vitamin D, and fetal brain development in the psychosis spectrum. Schizophr Res 247:16\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2021.03.008","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674221116027","volume":"57","author":"E Cantio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cantio E, Bilenberg N, N\u00f8rgaard SM et al (2023) Vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood associates with intelligence quotient at age 7\u2009years: an Odense child cohort study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 57(7):1062\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674221116027","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51325-3","volume":"9","author":"M L\u00f3pez-Vicente","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Vicente M, Sunyer J, Lertxundi N et al (2019) Maternal circulating vitamin D3 levels during pregnancy and behavior across childhood. Sci Rep 9(1):14792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51325-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87120-6","volume":"15","author":"Y Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu Y, Peng J, Zhou X, Huang Y, Zhong G, Xia Z (2025) Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with Parkinson\u2019s disease based on the results from the NHANES 2007 to 2018 and Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 15(1):5514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-87120-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.120","volume":"67","author":"P Knekt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knekt P, Kilkkinen A, Rissanen H et al (2010) Serum vitamin D and the risk of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 67(7):808\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2010.120","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12060790","volume":"12","author":"M Barichella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barichella M, Garr\u00ec F, Caronni S et al (2022) Vitamin D status and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Sci 12(6):790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12060790","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27127","volume":"32","author":"ME Fullard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fullard ME, Xie SX, Marek K et al (2017) Vitamin D in the Parkinson associated risk syndrome (PARS) study. Mov Disord 32(11):1636\u20131640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27127","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26573","volume":"31","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shrestha S, Lutsey PL, Alonso A et al (2016) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid-adulthood and Parkinson\u2019s disease risk. Mov Disord 31(7):972\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26573","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"5_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.02.018","volume":"699","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X, Shen N, Lu Y et al (2019) Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and the susceptibility of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 699:206\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.02.018","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96195-0","volume":"15","author":"NC Kundu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kundu NC, Kundu A, Khalil MI et al (2025) A case-control study on vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 15(1):12333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-96195-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02804-8","volume":"59","author":"JAG Ag\u00fandez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ag\u00fandez JAG, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00edn E, Alonso-Navarro H et al (2022) Vitamin D receptor and binding protein gene variants in patients with essential tremor. Mol Neurobiol 59(6):3458\u20133466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-022-02804-8","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soliman RH, Oraby MI, Hussein M et al Could vitamin D deficiency have an impact on motor and cognitive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease? Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 55:34. Available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41983-019-0084-9. Accessed 28 May 2025","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-019-0084-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-171122","volume":"7","author":"I Sleeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sleeman I, Aspray T, Lawson R et al (2017) The role of vitamin D in disease progression in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 7(4):669\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-171122","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"5_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2023.02.006","volume":"16","author":"M Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia M, Zhou Q (2023) Correlation between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and Parkinson\u2019s disease. IBRO Neurosci Rep 16:162\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2023.02.006","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081800","volume":"11","author":"A Ksi\u0105\u017cek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek A, Zagrodna A, S\u0142owi\u0144ska-Lisowska M (2019) Vitamin D, skeletal muscle function and athletic performance in athletes-a narrative review. Nutrients 11(8):1800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11081800","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.919839","volume":"13","author":"FL Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei FL, Li T, Gao QY et al (2022) Association between vitamin D supplementation and fall prevention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:919839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.919839","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"5_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halfon M, Phan O, Teta D (2015) Vitamin D: a review on its effects on muscle strength, the risk of fall, and frailty. Biomed Res Int 953241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/953241","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/953241"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061220","volume":"14","author":"A Pignolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pignolo A, Mastrilli S, Dav\u00ec C et al (2022) Vitamin D and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nutrients 14(6):1220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14061220","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-016-9720-7","volume":"12","author":"R Calvello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Calvello R, Cianciulli A, Nicolardi G et al (2017) Vitamin D treatment attenuates neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an animal model of Parkinson\u2019s disease, shifting M1 to M2 microglia responses. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 12(2):327\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-016-9720-7","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320199","volume":"90","author":"J Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia J, Hu J, Huo X et al (2019) Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function and blood A\u03b2-related biomarkers in older adults with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 90(12):1347\u20131352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320199","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24016","volume":"27","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suzuki M, Yoshioka M, Hashimoto M et al (2012) 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and severity of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 27(2):264\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.24016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"5_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40734-018-0074-6","volume":"5","author":"NS Luthra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luthra NS, Kim S, Zhang Y et al (2018) Characterization of vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of early Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Clin Mov Disord 5:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40734-018-0074-6","journal-title":"J Clin Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.031070","volume":"95","author":"L Tripkovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tripkovic L, Lambert H, Hart K et al (2012) Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 95(6):1357\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.111.031070","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2021.101441","volume":"27","author":"AY Azzam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azzam AY, Ghozy S, Azab MA (2022) Vitamin D and its\u2019 role in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A review article. Interdiscip Neurosurg 27:101441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inat.2021.101441","journal-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1805075","volume":"83","author":"V Tumas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tumas V, Aureliano MJ, Rieder CRM et al (2025) Modifiable risk factors associated with the risk of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease: a critical review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 83(3):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0045-1805075","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00432-x","volume":"13","author":"E Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu E, Zhang Y, Wang JZ (2024) Updates in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from basic research to diagnosis and therapies. Transl Neurodegener 13(1):45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-024-00432-x","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwae026","volume":"16","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng Q, Wang X (2025) Alzheimer\u2019s disease: insights into pathology, molecular mechanisms, and therapy. Protein Cell 16(2):83\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/procel\/pwae026","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328","volume":"17","author":"No Authors","year":"2021","unstructured":"No Authors (2021) 2021 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 17(3):327\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12328","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"5_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0063-7","volume":"14","author":"L Shen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shen L, Ji HF (2015) Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia: evidence from meta-analysis. Nutr J 14:76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12937-015-0063-7","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2018.1436639","volume":"22","author":"A Jayedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Shab-Bidar S (2019) Vitamin D status and risk of dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of dose-response. Nutr Neurosci 22(11):750\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1028415X.2018.1436639","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1500-6","volume":"19","author":"B Chai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chai B, Gao F, Wu R et al (2019) Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 19(1):284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1500-6","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.24875\/RIC.19003079","volume":"71","author":"SG Aguilar-Navarro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aguilar-Navarro SG, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Jim\u00e9nez-Castillo GA et al (2019) Association of vitamin D with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s dementia in older Mexican adults. Rev Investig Clin 71(6):381\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24875\/RIC.19003079","journal-title":"Rev Investig Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"5_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000755","volume":"83","author":"TJ Littlejohns","year":"2014","unstructured":"Littlejohns TJ, Henley WE, Lang IA et al (2014) Vitamin D and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 83(10):920\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000755","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170407","volume":"60","author":"S Licher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Licher S, de Bruijn RFAG, Wolters FJ et al (2017) Vitamin D and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam study. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis 60(3):989\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-170407","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.05.1765","volume":"10","author":"S Afzal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Afzal S, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG (2014) Reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia. Alzheimers Dement 10(3):296\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.05.1765","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2018.32","volume":"4","author":"F Aghajafari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aghajafari F, Pond D, Catzikiris N et al (2018) Quality assessment of systematic reviews of vitamin D, cognition, and dementia. BJPsych Open 4(4):238\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2018.32","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000175","volume":"25","author":"P Knekt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knekt P, S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi K, J\u00e4rvinen R et al (2014) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk of dementia. Epidemiology 25(6):799\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000175","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081301","volume":"17","author":"N Imerbsin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Imerbsin N, Shantavasinkul PC, Witoonpanich P et al (2025) Vitamin D and cognitive impairment. Nutrients 17(8):1301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17081301","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.03.003","volume":"13","author":"C Feart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feart C, Helmer C, Merle B et al (2017) Associations of lower vitamin D concentrations with cognitive decline and long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in older adults. Alzheimers Dement 13(11):1207\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.03.003","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150991","volume":"51","author":"I Karakis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karakis I, Pase MP, Beiser A et al (2016) Association of serum vitamin D with the risk of incident dementia and subclinical indices of brain aging: the Framingham heart study. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis 51(2):451\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-150991","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160393","volume":"55","author":"I Ulstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ulstein I, B\u00f8hmer T (2017) Normal vitamin levels and nutritional indices in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia with normal body mass indexes. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis 55(2):717\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-160393","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"5_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.007","volume":"161","author":"YG Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan YG, Pang ZQ, Wu TY et al (2020) Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates Alzheimer-like pathologies by reducing antioxidant capacity. Free Radic Biol Med 161:139\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.007","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"35","key":"5_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016804","volume":"98","author":"K Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang K, Chen J, Li X et al (2019) Vitamin D concentration and risk of Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 98(35):e16804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000016804","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141531","volume":"105","author":"E Olsson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olsson E, Byberg L, Karlstr\u00f6m B et al (2017) Vitamin D is not associated with incident dementia or cognitive impairment: an 18-y follow-up study in community-living old men. Am J Clin Nutr 105(4):936\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.116.141531","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01875-8","volume":"83","author":"E Rebelos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rebelos E, Tentolouris N, Jude E (2023) The role of vitamin D in health and disease: a narrative review on the mechanisms linking vitamin D with disease and the effects of supplementation. Drugs 83(8):665\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-023-01875-8","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"5_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011906","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011906.pub2","volume":"12","author":"AW Rutjes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rutjes AW, Denton DA, Di Nisio M et al (2018) Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12(12):CD011906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011906.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.11.020","volume":"396","author":"R Jorde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jorde R, Kubiak J, Svartberg J et al (2019) Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on cognitive performance after four months in mid-aged and older subjects. J Neurol Sci 396:165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2018.11.020","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"18","key":"5_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.16909","volume":"324","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Vellas B, Rizzoli R et al (2020) Effect of vitamin D supplementation, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, or a strength-training exercise program on clinical outcomes in older adults: the DO-HEALTH randomized clinical trial. JAMA 324(18):1855\u20131868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.16909","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2018.11","volume":"5","author":"C Moran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moran C, Scotto di Palumbo A, Bramham J et al (2018) Effects of a six-month multi-ingredient nutrition supplement intervention of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, resveratrol, and whey protein on cognitive function in older adults: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 5(3):175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2018.11","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051033","volume":"14","author":"V Gil Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gil Mart\u00ednez V, Avedillo Salas A, Santander Ballest\u00edn S (2022) Vitamin supplementation and dementia: a systematic review. Nutrients 14(5):1033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14051033","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31710","volume":"14","author":"M Chakkera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chakkera M, Ravi N, Ramaraju R et al (2022) The efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease in preventing cognitive decline: a systematic review. Cureus 14(11):e31710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.31710","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e638","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001302","volume":"28","author":"Y Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du Y, Liang F, Zhang L et al (2020) Vitamin D supplement for prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ther 28(6):e638\u2013e648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001302","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"5_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2017.06.007","volume":"85","author":"P Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel P, Shah J (2017) Role of vitamin D in amyloid clearance via LRP-1 upregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a potential therapeutic target? J Chem Neuroanat 85:36\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2017.06.007","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"5_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Khemka VK, Ganguly A et al (2015) Vitamin D and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: neurocognition to therapeutics. Int J Alzheimers Dis 192747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/192747","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/192747"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03574-1","volume":"31","author":"L van Olst","year":"2025","unstructured":"van Olst L, Simonton B, Edwards AJ et al (2025) Microglial mechanisms drive amyloid-\u03b2 clearance in immunized patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Med 31(5):1604\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03574-1","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"5_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090897","volume":"9","author":"HN de Las","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Las HN, Mart\u00edn Gim\u00e9nez VM, Ferder L et al (2020) Implications of oxidative stress and potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID-19: therapeutic effects of vitamin D. Antioxidants (Basel) 9(9):897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9090897","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"5_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S63898","volume":"7","author":"K Yin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yin K, Agrawal DK (2014) Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases. J Inflamm Res 7:69\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S63898","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"5_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.17179\/excli2022-4935","volume":"21","author":"A Matta Reddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matta Reddy A, Iqbal M, Chopra H et al (2022) Pivotal role of vitamin D in mitochondrial health, cardiac function, and human reproduction. EXCLI J 21:967\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17179\/excli2022-4935","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"5_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.617588","volume":"13","author":"A Misrani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Misrani A, Tabassum S, Yang L (2021) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 13:617588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.617588","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04407-w","volume":"40","author":"A Firoozi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Firoozi A, Shadi M, Rezagholizadeh A (2025) The role of low-level laser therapy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review of the potential benefits of vitamin D enhancement. Lasers Med Sci 40(1):159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04407-w","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"5_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.06.014","volume":"4","author":"JW Kinney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kinney JW, Bemiller SM, Murtishaw AS et al (2018) Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement 4:575\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trci.2018.06.014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190713","volume":"73","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L, Qiao Y, Zhang H et al (2020) Circulating vitamin D levels and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a Mendelian randomization study in the IGAP and UK biobank. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis 73(2):609\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190713","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200926","volume":"78","author":"T Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang T, Wang H, Xiong Y et al (2020) Vitamin D supplementation improves cognitive function through reducing oxidative stress regulated by telomere length in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a 12-month randomized controlled trial. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis 78(4):1509\u20131518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-200926","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"20","key":"5_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204408","volume":"14","author":"E Hypp\u00f6nen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hypp\u00f6nen E, Vimaleswaran KS, Zhou A (2022) Genetic determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and their relevance to public health. Nutrients 14(20):4408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14204408","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00006","volume":"5","author":"C Annweiler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Annweiler C, Karras SN, Anagnostis P et al (2014) Vitamin D supplements: a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer patients. Front Pharmacol 5:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2014.00006","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12404","volume":"15","author":"M Ghahremani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghahremani M, Smith EE, Chen HY et al (2023) Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 15(1):e12404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.12404","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-110560","volume":"29","author":"MT Mizwicki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mizwicki MT, Menegaz D, Zhang J et al (2012) Genomic and nongenomic signaling induced by 1\u03b1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 promotes the recovery of amyloid-\u03b2 phagocytosis by Alzheimer\u2019s disease macrophages. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis 29(1):51\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2012-110560","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","volume":"103","author":"KD Cashman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cashman KD, Dowling KG, \u0160krab\u00e1kov\u00e1 Z et al (2016) Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr 103(4):1033\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.70049","volume":"38","author":"KE Sandoval","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sandoval KE (2025) Prevalence of reported dietary supplement use in 2019 older adult (\u2265\u200955 years) National Alzheimer\u2019s coordinating center participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment or dementia. J Hum Nutr Diet 38(2):e70049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jhn.70049","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0138","volume":"85","author":"KA Kennel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kennel KA, Drake MT, Hurley DL (2010) Vitamin D deficiency in adults: when to test and how to treat. Mayo Clin Proc 85(8):752\u2013757. quiz 757\u22128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2010.0138","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117004153","volume":"77","author":"N Aspell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aspell N, Lawlor B, O\u2019Sullivan M (2018) Is there a role for vitamin D in supporting cognitive function as we age? Proc Nutr Soc 77(2):124\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665117004153","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13758","volume":"22","author":"AF Gombart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gombart AF, Michels AJ, Eggersdorfer M (2023) There is no evidence that vitamin D supplementation drives the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Aging Cell 22(1):e13758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.13758","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.09.021","volume":"21","author":"LE Bode","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bode LE, McClester Brown M, Hawes EM (2020) Vitamin D supplementation for Extraskeletal indications in older persons. J Am Med Dir Assoc 21(2):164\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.09.021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13670","volume":"21","author":"RH Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai RH, Hsu CC, Yu BH et al (2022) Vitamin D supplementation worsens Alzheimer\u2019s progression: animal model and human cohort studies. Aging Cell 21(8):e13670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.13670","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.936","volume":"8","author":"S Ouma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ouma S, Suenaga M, B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131 Hatip FF et al (2018) Serum vitamin D in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain Behav 8(3):e00936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.936","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030334","volume":"11","author":"G Bivona","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bivona G, Lo Sasso B, Gambino CM et al (2021) The role of vitamin D as a biomarker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain Sci 11(3):334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11030334","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"5_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123161","volume":"464","author":"R Gouider","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gouider R, Souissi A, Mrabet S, Gharbi A et al (2024) Environmental factors related to multiple sclerosis progression. J Neurol Sci 464:123161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123161","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.101196","volume":"78","author":"S Vukusic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vukusic S, Van Bockstael V, Gosselin S et al (2007) Regional variations in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in French farmers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78(7):707\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2006.101196","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"5_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.1.1","volume":"111","author":"SR Hammond","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hammond SR, McLeod JG, Millingen KS et al (1988) The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in three Australian cities: Perth, Newcastle, and Hobart. Brain 111(Pt 1):1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/111.1.1","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"5_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.10.903","volume":"53","author":"DH Miller","year":"1990","unstructured":"Miller DH, Hammond SR, McLeod JG et al (1990) Multiple sclerosis in Australia and New Zealand: are the determinants genetic or environmental? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53(10):903\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.53.10.903","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"147","key":"5_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1960.tb08674.x","volume":"35","author":"ED Acheson","year":"1960","unstructured":"Acheson ED, Bachrach CA, Wright FM (1960) Some comments on the relationship of the distribution of multiple sclerosis to latitude, solar radiation, and other variables. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 35(147):132\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1960.tb08674.x","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"5_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101957","volume":"59","author":"SD Cassard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cassard SD, Fitzgerald KC, Qian P, Emrich SA, Azevedo CJ, Goodman AD, Sugar EA, Pelletier D, Waubant E, Mowry EM (2023) High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 59:101957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101957","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"5_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-335200","volume":"96","author":"E Johansson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Johansson E, Guo J, Wu J et al (2025) Impact of fish consumption on disability progression in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 96(9):893\u2013899. jnnp-2024-335200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2024-335200","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"5_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195205082461901","volume":"246","author":"RL Swank","year":"1952","unstructured":"Swank RL, Lerstad O, Str\u00f8m A et al (1952) Multiple sclerosis in rural Norway its geographic and occupational incidence in relation to nutrition. N Engl J Med 246(19):721\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM195205082461901","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"32","key":"5_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8528","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703995114","volume":"114","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Marling SJ, Plum LA, DeLuca HF (2017) Salate derivatives found in sunscreens block experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114(32):8528\u20138531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1703995114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"13","key":"5_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.796933","volume":"16","author":"SE Gombash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gombash SE, Lee PW, Sawdai E et al (2022) Vitamin D as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: immunoregulatory or neuroprotective? Front Neurol 16(13):796933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.796933","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00344-0","volume":"11","author":"P Stridh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stridh P, Kockum I, Huang J (2021) Seasonal variability of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D on multiple sclerosis onset. Sci Rep 11(1):20989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-00344-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smolders J, Torkildsen \u00d8, Camu W et al (2019) An update on vitamin D and disease activity in multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs 33:1187\u20131199. Available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-019-00674-8. Accessed 27 May 2025","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-019-00674-8"},{"key":"5_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103115","volume":"54","author":"M Barzegar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barzegar M, Najdaghi S, Afshari-Safavi A et al (2021) Early predictors of conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 54:103115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103115","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12617","volume":"22","author":"E Thouvenot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thouvenot E, Orsini M, Daures JP et al (2015) Vitamin D is associated with degree of disability in patients with fully ambulatory relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 22(3):564\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.12617","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"5_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.07.046","volume":"381","author":"SR Oliveira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira SR, Sim\u00e3o ANC, Alfieri DF et al (2017) Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disability and disease progression in multiple sclerosis patients independently of oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Neurol Sci 381:213\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2017.07.046","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00129","volume":"11","author":"P B\u00e4cker-Koduah","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00e4cker-Koduah P, Bellmann-Strobl J, Scheel M et al (2020) Vitamin D and disease severity in multiple sclerosis-baseline data from the randomized controlled trial (EVIDIMS). Front Neurol 11:129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00129","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"5_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.05.022","volume":"297","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu G, Han X et al (2016) The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with multiple sclerosis severity and progression in a case-control study from China. J Neuroimmunol 297:127\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.05.022","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6417","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110606417","volume":"11","author":"D Mandia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mandia D, Ferraro OE, Nosari G et al (2014) Environmental factors and multiple sclerosis severity: a descriptive study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 11(6):6417\u20136432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph110606417","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5993","volume":"71","author":"A Ascherio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ascherio A, Munger KL, White R et al (2014) Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression. JAMA Neurol 71(3):306\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5993","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000597","volume":"6","author":"W Camu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Camu W, Lehert P, Pierrot-Deseilligny C et al (2019) Cholecalciferol in relapsing-remitting MS: a randomized clinical trial (CHOLINE). Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 6(5):e597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000597","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"20","key":"5_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1906","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008445","volume":"93","author":"R Hupperts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hupperts R, Smolders J, Vieth R et al (2019) Randomized trial of daily high-dose vitamin D3 in patients with RRMS receiving subcutaneous interferon \u03b2-1a. Neurology 93(20):e1906\u2013e1916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008445","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.016","volume":"180","author":"A Bettencourt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bettencourt A, Boleixa D, Reguengo H et al (2018) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in multiple sclerosis patients from the north of Portugal. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 180:137\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13096","volume":"57","author":"S Prakash","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prakash S, Rathore C, Makwana P et al (2017) Vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic tension-type headache: a case-control study. Headache 57(7):1096\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13096","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"9","key":"5_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414559733","volume":"35","author":"C Buettner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buettner C, Burstein R (2015) Association of statin use and risk for severe headache or migraine by serum vitamin D status: a cross-sectional population-based study. Cephalalgia 35(9):757\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102414559733","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"10","key":"5_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12456","volume":"68","author":"A Celikbilek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Celikbilek A, Gocmen AY, Zararsiz G et al (2014) Serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D receptor in migraine patients from central Anatolia region. Int J Clin Pract 68(10):1272\u20131277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcp.12456","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2022.2110495","volume":"134","author":"I Liampas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liampas I, Bourlios S, Siokas V et al (2024) Vitamin D and tension-type headache: causal association or epiphenomenon? Int J Neurosci 134(5):441\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207454.2022.2110495","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"5_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39697","volume":"7","author":"JK Virtanen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Virtanen JK, Giniatullin R, M\u00e4ntyselk\u00e4 P et al (2017) Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with higher risk of frequent headache in middle-aged and older men. Sci Rep 7:39697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep39697","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003816","volume":"23","author":"N Petrenya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petrenya N, Lamberg-Allardt C, Melhus M et al (2020) Vitamin D status in a multi-ethnic population of northern Norway: the SAMINOR 2 clinical survey. Public Health Nutr 23(7):1186\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980018003816","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A184","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-16-S1-A184","volume":"16","author":"R Iannacchero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iannacchero R, Costa A, Squillace A et al (2015) P060. Vitamin D deficiency in episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and medication-overuse headache patients. J Headache Pain 16(Suppl 1):A184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1129-2377-16-S1-A184","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3384-4","volume":"39","author":"L Rapisarda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rapisarda L, Mazza MR, Tosto F et al (2018) Relationship between severity of migraine and vitamin D deficiency: a case-control study. Neurol Sci 39(Suppl 1):167\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-018-3384-4","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.09.010","volume":"23","author":"A Donmez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Donmez A, Orun E, Sonmez FM (2018) Vitamin D status in children with headache: a case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 23:222\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.09.010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"10","key":"5_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13423","volume":"58","author":"M Togha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Togha M, Razeghi Jahromi S, Ghorbani Z et al (2018) Serum vitamin D status in a group of migraine patients compared with healthy controls: a case-control study. Headache 58(10):1530\u20131540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13423","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2018.14.3.366","volume":"14","author":"TJ Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song TJ, Chu MK, Sohn JH et al (2018) Effect of vitamin D deficiency on the frequency of headaches in migraine. J Clin Neurol 14(3):366\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2018.14.3.366","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01134-2","volume":"120","author":"F Hanc\u0131","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hanc\u0131 F, Kabaku\u015f N, T\u00fcray S et al (2020) The role of obesity and vitamin D deficiency in primary headaches in childhood. Acta Neurol Belg 120(5):1123\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-019-01134-2","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"5_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.12.008","volume":"176","author":"I Liampas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liampas I, Siokas V, Brotis A et al (2020) Vitamin D serum levels in patients with migraine: a meta-analysis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 176(7\u20138):560\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.12.008","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"5_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S216314","volume":"12","author":"M Hussein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hussein M, Fathy W, Abd Elkareem RM (2019) The potential role of serum vitamin D level in migraine headache: a case-control study. J Pain Res 12:2529\u20132536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S216314","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20143606","volume":"47","author":"A Cayir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cayir A, Turan MI, Tan H (2014) Effect of vitamin D therapy in addition to amitriptyline on migraine attacks in pediatric patients. Braz J Med Biol Res 47(4):349\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431x20143606","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.163971","volume":"20","author":"T Mottaghi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mottaghi T, Askari G, Khorvash F et al (2015) Effect of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms and C-reactive protein in migraine patients. J Res Med Sci 20(5):477\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-1995.163971","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24534","volume":"78","author":"C Buettner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buettner C, Nir RR, Bertisch SM et al (2015) Simvastatin and vitamin D for migraine prevention: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Neurol 78(6):970\u2013981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24534","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2018.1519503","volume":"35","author":"P Gazerani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gazerani P, Fuglsang R, Pedersen JG et al (2019) A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of vitamin D3 supplementation in adult patients with migraine. Curr Med Res Opin 35(4):715\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03007995.2018.1519503","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13573","volume":"84","author":"PN Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor PN, Davies JS (2018) A review of the growing risk of vitamin D toxicity from inappropriate practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 84(6):1121\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.13573","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000526755","volume":"96","author":"C Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva C, Fung AWS, Masson V et al (2023) Vitamin D toxicity from an unusual and unexpected source: a report of 2 cases. Horm Res Paediatr 96(3):332\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000526755","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"20","key":"5_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204353","volume":"14","author":"X Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui X, Eyles DW (2022) Vitamin D and the central nervous system: causative and preventative mechanisms in brain disorders. Nutrients 14(20):4353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14204353","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5_CR220","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"A Asif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asif A, Farooq N (2023) Vitamin D toxicity. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island"},{"issue":"12","key":"5_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2132768","volume":"60","author":"DD Gummin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC et al (2022) 2021 annual report of the National Poison Data System\u00a9 (NPDS) from America\u2019s poison centers: 39th annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 60(12):1381\u20131643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15563650.2022.2132768","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"5_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpn.ijpn_89_23","volume":"38","author":"S Rastogi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rastogi S, Agarwal A, Bhandari RL et al (2024) Hypervitaminosis D due to overdose: a case series. Indian J Pain 38:153\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpn.ijpn_89_23","journal-title":"Indian J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53806","volume":"16","author":"A Ahuja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahuja A, Agrawal S, Daiya V et al (2024) Unraveling neurological shades: vitamin D Toxication and central pontine Myelinolysis exposed. Cureus 16(2):e53806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.53806","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0457","volume":"11","author":"GO Lima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lima GO, Menezes da Silva AL, Azevedo JEC et al (2022) 100 years of vitamin D: supraphysiological doses of vitamin D changes brainwave activity patterns in rats. Endocr Connect 11(3):e210457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EC-21-0457","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"21","key":"5_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30018","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9065","volume":"7","author":"R Kreienkamp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kreienkamp R, Croke M, Neumann MA et al (2016) Vitamin D receptor signaling improves Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome cellular phenotypes. Oncotarget 7(21):30018\u201330031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.9065","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"5_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1990","volume":"13","author":"V Lam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lam V, Takechi R, Mano J (2017) Vitamin D, cerebrocapillary integrity and cognition in murine model of accelerated ageing. Alzheimers Dement 13:1304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1990","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2165\/11593080-000000000-00000","volume":"25","author":"AP Dickens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dickens AP, Lang IA, Langa KM, Kos K, Llewellyn DJ (2011) Vitamin D, cognitive dysfunction and dementia in older adults. CNS Drugs 25(8):629\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11593080-000000000-00000","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae290","volume":"109","author":"MB Demay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD et al (2024) Vitamin D for the prevention of disease: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 109(8):1907\u20131947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae290","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vasil N, Razzaque MS (2025) Decoding vitamin D intake: how much is too much? Adv Exp Med Biol 1493:xx\u2013xx. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_2"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Vitamin D Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:36:56Z","timestamp":1777376216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"ISBN":["9783032043566","9783032043573"],"references-count":229,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04357-3_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"},{"value":"2214-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}