{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T16:29:57Z","timestamp":1784392197424,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032049834","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032049841","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04984-1_23","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T16:24:38Z","timestamp":1758299078000},"page":"236-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Information Bottleneck-Based Causal Attention for\u00a0Multi-label Medical Image Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanzhi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengli","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"23_CR1","unstructured":"Alemi, A.A., Fischer, I., Dillon, J.V., Murphy, K.: Deep variational information bottleneck. arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.00410 (2016)"},{"key":"23_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui, X., et al.: Multilevel causality learning for multi-label gastric atrophy diagnosis. In: Linguraru, M.G., et al. (eds.) Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention. MICCAI 2024. LNCS, vol. 15003, pp. 682\u2013692. Springer, Cham (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-72384-1_64","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72384-1_64"},{"issue":"7","key":"23_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2008.04.009","volume":"345","author":"DJ Farnell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farnell, D.J., et al.: Enhancement of blood vessels in digital fundus photographs via the application of multiscale line operators. J. Franklin Inst. 345(7), 748\u2013765 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Franklin Inst."},{"key":"23_CR4","unstructured":"Henderson, J., Fehr, F.J.: A vae for transformers with nonparametric variational information bottleneck. In: The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations (2023)"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1109\/42.845178","volume":"19","author":"A Hoover","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoover, A., Kouznetsova, V., Goldbaum, M.: Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piecewise threshold probing of a matched filter response. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 19(3), 203\u2013210 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"23_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, Q., Li, Y., Zeng, A., Liu, M., Sun, H., Xu, Q.: Information bottleneck approach to spatial attention learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.03418 (2021)","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/108"},{"key":"23_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanchantin, J., Wang, T., Ordonez, V., Qi, Y.: General multi-label image classification with transformers. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 16478\u201316488, June 2021","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01621"},{"key":"23_CR8","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-71058-3_11","volume-title":"Benchmarking, Measuring, and Optimizing","author":"N Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, N., Li, T., Hu, C., Wang, K., Kang, H.: A benchmark of ocular disease intelligent recognition: one shot for\u00a0multi-disease detection. In: Wolf, F., Gao, W. (eds.) Bench 2020. LNCS, vol. 12614, pp. 177\u2013193. Springer, Cham (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-71058-3_11"},{"key":"23_CR9","unstructured":"Liu, R., Huang, J., Li, T.H., Li, G.: Causality compensated attention for contextual biased visual recognition. In: The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations (2022)"},{"key":"23_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, R., Liu, H., Li, G., Hou, H., Yu, T., Yang, T.: Contextual debiasing for visual recognition with causal mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 12755\u201312765 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01242"},{"key":"23_CR11","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Su, H., Zhu, J.: Query2label: a simple transformer way to multi-label classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.10834 (2021)"},{"issue":"11","key":"23_CR12","first-page":"2579","volume":"9","author":"L Van der Maaten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van der Maaten, L., Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9(11), 2579\u20132605 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/data6020014","volume":"6","author":"S Pachade","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pachade, S., et al.: Retinal fundus multi-disease image dataset (RFMID): a dataset for multi-disease detection research. Data 6(2), 14 (2021)","journal-title":"Data"},{"key":"23_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearl, J.: Causal inference in statistics: An overview (2009)","DOI":"10.1214\/09-SS057"},{"key":"23_CR15","unstructured":"Pearl, J., Glymour, M., Jewell, N.P.: Causal Inference in Statistics: A Primer. John Wiley & Sons (2016)"},{"issue":"6","key":"23_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2022.3214086","volume":"27","author":"MA Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, M.A., AlMarzouqi, H., Liatsis, P.: Multi-label retinal disease classification using transformers. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 27(6), 2739\u20132750 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"23_CR17","unstructured":"Saxe, A.M., et al.: On the information bottleneck theory of deep learning. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2018)"},{"issue":"5","key":"23_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3058954","volume":"109","author":"B Sch\u00f6lkop","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkop, B., et al.: Toward causal representation learning. Proc. IEEE 109(5), 612\u2013634 (2021)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"23_CR19","unstructured":"Touvron, H., Cord, M., Douze, M., Massa, F., Sablayrolles, A., J\u00e9gou, H.: Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 10347\u201310357. PMLR (2021)"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02460-0","volume":"10","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, D., et al.: A real-world dataset and benchmark for foundation model adaptation in medical image classification. Sci. Data 10(1), 574 (2023)","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"23_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8380","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3404422","volume":"46","author":"L Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, L., Bennamoun, M., Boussaid, F., Laga, H., Ouyang, W., Xu, D.: MCTformer+: multi-class token transformer for weakly supervised semantic segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 46, 8380\u20138395 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2022.3211085","volume":"42","author":"L Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi, L., Zhang, L., Xu, X., Guo, J.: Multi-label softmax networks for pulmonary nodule classification using unbalanced and dependent categories. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 42(1), 317\u2013328 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"23_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102772","volume":"86","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Luo, L., Dou, Q., Heng, P.A.: Triplet attention and dual-pool contrastive learning for clinic-driven multi-label medical image classification. Med. Image Anal. 86, 102772 (2023)","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"23_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Yan, K., Zhao, Y., Guo, X., Huang, F., Li, J.: Transformer-based dual relation graph for multi-label image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 163\u2013172 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00023"},{"issue":"2","key":"23_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3550278","volume":"19","author":"W Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Xia, Z., Dou, P., Su, T., Hu, H.: Aligning image semantics and label concepts for image multi-label classification. ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. 19(2), 1\u201323 (2023)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"key":"23_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, K., Wu, J.: Residual attention: a simple but effective method for multi-label recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 184\u2013193 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00025"},{"key":"23_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Cao, J., Ge, J., Liu, W., Liu, B.: Two-stream transformer for multi-label image classification. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 3598\u20133607 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3548343"},{"key":"23_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10036","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3408256","volume":"34","author":"X Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Li, J., Cao, J., Tang, D., Liu, J., Liu, B.: Semantic-guided representation enhancement for multi-label image classification. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 34, 10036\u20131009 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2025"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04984-1_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T16:24:50Z","timestamp":1758299090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04984-1_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"ISBN":["9783032049834","9783032049841"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04984-1_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"MICCAI","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Daejeon","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Korea (Republic of)","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 September 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"28","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"miccai2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/conferences.miccai.org\/2025\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}