{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:48:01Z","timestamp":1764226081232,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032050359","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032050366","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Overseas military personnel often face significant challenges in participating in elections due to the slow pace of traditional mail systems, which can result in ballots missing crucial deadlines. While internet-based voting offers a faster alternative, it introduces serious risks to the integrity and privacy of the voting process. We introduce the MERGE protocol to address these issues by combining the speed of electronic ballot delivery with the reliability of paper returns. This protocol allows voters to submit an electronic record of their vote quickly while simultaneously mailing a paper ballot for verification. The electronic record can be used for preliminary results, but the paper ballot is used in a Risk Limiting Audit (RLA) if received in time, ensuring the integrity of the election. This approach extends the time window for ballot arrival without undermining the security and accuracy of the vote count.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-05036-6_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T07:22:38Z","timestamp":1757488958000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MERGE: Matching Electronic Results with\u00a0Genuine Evidence, for\u00a0Verifiable Voting in\u00a0Person at\u00a0Remote Locations"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3216-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Adida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5643-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Caron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9438-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-2565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Teague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1089\/elj.2019.0619","volume":"19","author":"AW Appel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Appel, A.W., DeMillo, R.A., Stark, P.B.: Ballot-marking devices cannot ensure the will of the voters. Election Law J. Rules Politics Policy 19(3), 432\u2013450 (2020)","journal-title":"Election Law J. Rules Politics Policy"},{"key":"1_CR2","unstructured":"Banuelos, J.H., Stark, P.B.: Limiting risk by turning manifest phantoms into evil zombies (2012). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1207.3413"},{"key":"1_CR3","unstructured":"Benaloh, J., Naehrig, M.: Electionguard specification v2.0 (2023)"},{"key":"1_CR4","unstructured":"Benaloh, J., Naehrig, M., Pereira, O., Wallach, D.S.: ElectionGuard: a cryptographic toolkit to enable verifiable elections 2024. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2024\/955 (2024)"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhard, D., Cortier, V., Galindo, D., Pereira, O., Warinschi, B.: SOK: a comprehensive analysis of game-based ballot privacy definitions. In: 2015 IEEE S &P, pp. 499\u2013516. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.37"},{"key":"1_CR6","unstructured":"Devillez, H., Pereira, O., Peters, T.: Verifiable and private vote-by-mail. Cryptology ePrint Archive (2024)"},{"key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuller, B., Harrison, A., Russell, A.: Adaptive risk-limiting comparison audits. In: 2023 IEEE S & P, pp. 3314\u20133331. IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179424"},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kortum, P., Byrne, M.D., Whitmore, J.: Voter verification of ballot marking device ballots is a two-part question: can they? mostly, they can. do they? Mostly, they don\u2019t. Election Law J. Rules, Politics Policy 20(3), 243\u2013253 (2021)","DOI":"10.1089\/elj.2020.0632"},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivest, R.L.: On the notion of \u2018software independence\u2019 in voting systems. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 366(1881), 3759\u20133767 (2008). https:\/\/people.csail.mit.edu\/rivest\/pubs\/RW06.pdf","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2008.0149"},{"key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stark, P.B.: Sets of half-average nulls generate risk-limiting audits: SHANGRLA. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 319\u2013336. Springer (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-54455-3_23, https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1911.10035","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54455-3_23"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Electronic Voting"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-05036-6_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T07:22:43Z","timestamp":1757488963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-05036-6_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"ISBN":["9783032050359","9783032050366"],"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-05036-6_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"E-Vote-ID","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Joint Conference on Electronic Voting","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Nancy","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"France","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1 October 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"evoteid2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/e-vote-id-2025.inria.fr\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}