{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:36:12Z","timestamp":1786556172081,"version":"build-2736575974"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032061355","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032061362","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While citations are essential to scholarly communication, their role in assessing academic success has contributed to various forms of misuse. Citation cartels and citation padding are examples of such misuse, yielding irrelevant references and corrupting the academic record.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Here, we introduce a tool that we developed and use internally for detecting problematic citation behaviors, called\n                    <jats:italic>Cite Lens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (sample code available on GitHub:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MDPI-AG\/citelens\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/github.com\/MDPI-AG\/citelens<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .), which analyzes citations using vector (embedding) similarity. This tool can either detect misalignment between an article and its references (\n                    <jats:italic>article\u2013reference similarity<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), or the reference and the paragraph in which it is cited (\n                    <jats:italic>context\u2013reference similarity<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). We analyze the citation patterns across multiple publishers and topics and show the capability of this approach to detect problematic citations. This tool aims to support MDPI\u2019s editorial screening and help prevent unethical or manipulative citation behavior.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-06136-2_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T18:37:55Z","timestamp":1758911875000},"page":"25-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cite Lens: An AI Tool for Detecting Out-of-Scope and Out-of-Context Citations"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2048-4888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Baptiste de la","family":"Broise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Sauerburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0658-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enric","family":"Sayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9029-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan-Marin","family":"Tecu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1397-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanita","family":"Meijere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2154-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Cuculovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","unstructured":"Bird, A.: Thomas Kuhn. 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