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These methods generate heatmaps that highlight the parts of the input most relevant to the CNN output. Various CAM methods have been proposed, each distinguished by the expressions used to derive heatmaps. In general, users look for heatmaps with specific properties that reflect different aspects of CNN functionality. These may include similarity to ground truth, robustness, equivariance, and more. Although existing CAM methods implicitly encode some of these properties in their expressions, they do not allow for variability in heatmap generation following the user\u2019s intent or domain knowledge. In this paper, we address this limitation by introducing SyCAM, a metric-based approach for synthesizing CAM expressions. Given a predefined evaluation metric for saliency maps, SyCAM automatically generates CAM expressions optimized for that metric. We specifically explore a syntax-guided synthesis instantiation of SyCAM, where CAM expressions are derived based on predefined syntactic constraints and the given metric. Using several established evaluation metrics, we demonstrate the efficacy and flexibility of our approach in generating targeted heatmaps. We compare SyCAM with other well-known CAM methods on three prominent models: ResNet50, VGG16, and VGG19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-08327-2_17","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:07:11Z","timestamp":1760206031000},"page":"351-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metric-Guided Synthesis for\u00a0Class Activation Mapping"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Luque-Cerpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Polgreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajitha","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazem","family":"Torfah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"17_CR1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39799-8_67","volume-title":"Computer Aided Verification","author":"A Albarghouthi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Albarghouthi, A., Gulwani, S., Kincaid, Z.: Recursive program synthesis. 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