{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:10:12Z","timestamp":1777655412077,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032093677","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032093684","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-09368-4_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T18:14:04Z","timestamp":1763921644000},"page":"3-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PBa-LLM: Privacy- and\u00a0Bias-Aware NLP Using Named-Entity Recognition (NER)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9339-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Mancera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aythami","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6343-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Fierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Tolosana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6907-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0976-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Lopez-Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7559-8236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Jurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-4132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Ortigosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","unstructured":"Achiam, J., et\u00a0al.: GPT-4 technical report. arXiv:2303.08774 (2023)"},{"issue":"6221","key":"1_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1465","volume":"347","author":"A Acquisti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Acquisti, A., Brandimarte, L., Loewenstein, G.: Privacy and human behavior in the age of information. Science 347(6221), 509\u2013514 (2015)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1_CR3","unstructured":"Akbik, A., Bergmann, T., Blythe, D., Rasul, K., Schweter, S., Vollgraf, R.: FLAIR: an easy-to-use framework for state-of-the-art NLP. In: Proceedings of the Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Demonstrations), pp. 54\u201359 (2019)"},{"key":"1_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Alawi, A.I., Naureen, M., AlAlawi, E.I., Al-Hadad, A.A.N.: The role of artificial intelligence in recruitment process decision-making. In: International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), pp. 197\u2013203. IEEE (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/DASA53625.2021.9682320"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babych, B., Hartley, A.: Improving machine translation quality with automatic named entity recognition. In: Proceedings of the 7th International EAMT Workshop on MT and Other Language Technology Toolsat EACL (2003)","DOI":"10.3115\/1609822.1609823"},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becerra, A., Daza, R., Cobos, R., Morales, A., Cukurova, M., Fierrez, J.: AI-based multimodal biometrics for detecting smartphone distractions: Application to online learning. In: EATEL European Conference on Technology-Enhanced Learning (ECTEL) (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-03870-8_3"},{"key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.12814","volume":"71","author":"L Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, L., Varshney, K.R., Liu, H.: Socially responsible AI algorithms: Issues, purposes, and challenges. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 71, 1137\u20131181 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daza, R., Becerra, A., Cobos, R., Fierrez, J., Morales, A.: A multimodal dataset for understanding the impact of mobile phones on remote online virtual education. Sci. Data (2025)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-05681-7"},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daza, R., Morales, A., Tolosana, R., Gomez, L.F., Fierrez, J., Ortega-Garcia, J.: edBB-Demo: biometrics and behavior analysis for online educational platforms. In: AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), vol.\u00a037, pp. 16422\u20131642 (Feb 2023)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i13.27066"},{"key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De-Arteaga, M., Romanov, A., Wallach, H., Chayes, J., Borgs, C., Chouldechova, A., Geyik, S., Kenthapadi, K., Kalai, A.T.: Bias in bios: A case study of semantic representation bias in a high-stakes setting. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. pp. 120\u2013128 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287572"},{"key":"1_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeAlcala, D., Morales, A., Mancera, G., Fierrez, J., Tolosana, R., Ortega-Garcia, J.: Is my data in your AI model? Membership inference test with application to face images. arXiv:2402.09225 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3608951"},{"key":"1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeAlcala, D., Serna, I., Morales, A., Fierrez, J., Ortega-Garcia, J.: Measuring bias in AI models: an statistical approach introducing n-sigma. In: IEEE Conference on Computers, Software, and Applications (COMPSAC), pp. 1167\u20131172 (June 2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC57700.2023.00176"},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR13","first-page":"398","volume":"3","author":"N Diakopoulos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diakopoulos, N.: Algorithmic accountability: journalistic investigation of computational power structures. Digit. J. 3(3), 398\u2013415 (2015)","journal-title":"Digit. J."},{"key":"1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, J., Sun, H., Wang, X., Liu, X.: Entity-level sentiment analysis of issue comments. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering, pp. 7\u201313 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3194932.3194935"},{"key":"1_CR15","unstructured":"Europen Union: Artificial intelligence act. European Parliament: European Parliamentary Research Service 2024\/1689 (2024)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2010.11.003","volume":"9","author":"M Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, M., Cantador, I., L\u00f3pez, V., Vallet, D., Castells, P., Motta, E.: Semantically enhanced information retrieval: an ontology-based approach. J. Web Semantics 9(4), 434\u2013452 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Web Semantics"},{"key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, J., Huang, X.J., Liu, P.: Spanner: Named entity re-\/recognition as span prediction. In: Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the ACL, pp. 7183\u20137195 (2021)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.558"},{"issue":"7","key":"1_CR18","first-page":"63","volume":"9","author":"R Geetha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geetha, R., Bhanu, S.R.D.: Recruitment through artificial intelligence: a conceptual study. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol. 9(7), 63\u201370 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghafourian, M., et al.: Toward face biometric de-identification using adversarial examples. In: IEEE Conference on Computers, Software, and Applications (COMPSAC), pp. 723\u2013728 (June 2023), also presented at AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security, AICS 2023","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC57700.2023.00099"},{"key":"1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghafourian, M., Fierrez, J., Vera-Rodriguez, R., Tolosana, R., Morales, A.: SaFL: Sybil-aware federated learning with application to face recognition. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Challenges and Workshops (ICIPcw), pp. 4050\u20134056 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIPCW64161.2024.10769131"},{"key":"1_CR21","unstructured":"Ghafourian, M., et al.: Blockchain and biometrics: Survey, GDPR elements, and future directions. arXiv:2302.10883 (2025)"},{"key":"1_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8606","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2691578","volume":"5","author":"M Gomez-Barrero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomez-Barrero, M., Galbally, J., Morales, A., Fierrez, J.: Privacy-preserving comparison of variable-length data with application to biometric template protection. IEEE Access 5, 8606\u20138619 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassanpour, A., Moradikia, M., Yang, B., Abdelhadi, A., Busch, C., Fierrez, J.: Differential privacy preservation in robust continual learning. IEEE Access 10 (Feb 2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3154826"},{"key":"1_CR24","unstructured":"Jiang, A.Q., et\u00a0al.: Mistral 7b. arXiv:2310.06825 (2023)"},{"key":"1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.02.055","volume":"104","author":"F Jurado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jurado, F., Rodriguez, P.: Sentiment analysis in monitoring software development processes: an exploratory case study on GitHub\u2019s project issues. J. Syst. Softw. 104, 82\u201389 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"1_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102807","volume":"171","author":"N Kaaniche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaaniche, N., Laurent, M., Belguith, S.: Privacy enhancing technologies for solving the privacy-personalization paradox: taxonomy and survey. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 171, 102807 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"1_CR27","unstructured":"Kenton, J.D.M.W.C., Toutanova, L.K.: Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of NACCL-HLT (2019)"},{"key":"1_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2025.03.003","volume":"48","author":"B Lacruz-Pleguezuelos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lacruz-Pleguezuelos, B., Baz\u00e1n, G.X., et al.: AI4Food, a feasibility study for the implementation of automated devices in the nutritional advice and follow up within a weight loss intervention. Clin. Nutr. 48, 80\u201389 (2025)","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"1_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepri, B., Oliver, N., Pentland, A.: Ethical Machines: The Human-centric Use of Artificial Intelligence. IScience 24(3) (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102249"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2020.2981314","volume":"34","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, J., Sun, A., Han, J., Li, C.: A survey on deep learning for named entity recognition. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 34(1), 50\u201370 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106854","volume":"149","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, L., Fan, Y., Tse, M., Lin, K.Y.: A review of applications in federated learning. Comput. Indust. Eng. 149, 106854 (2020)","journal-title":"Comput. Indust. Eng."},{"key":"1_CR32","unstructured":"Liu, Y.: RoBERTa: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach. arXiv:1907.11692 (2019)"},{"key":"1_CR33","unstructured":"Lopez-Duran, M., Fierrez, J., Morales, A., et\u00a0al.: Benchmarking graph neural networks for document layout analysis in public affairs. In: IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Workshops (ICDARw) (September 2025)"},{"key":"1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancera, G., DeAlcala, D., Fierrez, J., Tolosana, R., Morales, A.: Is my text in your AI model? Gradient-based membership inference test applied to LLMs. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.07384 (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW67362.2025.00261"},{"key":"1_CR35","unstructured":"Moll\u00e1, D., Van\u00a0Zaanen, M., Smith, D.: Named entity recognition for question answering. In: Proceedings of the Australasian Language Technology Association Workshop, pp. 51\u201358 (2006)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3015420","volume":"43","author":"A Morales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morales, A., Fierrez, J., Vera-Rodriguez, R., Tolosana, R.: SensitiveNets: Learning agnostic representations with application to face images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 43(6), 2158\u20132164 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1_CR37","unstructured":"Mumtaz, R.: Extracting Named Entities and Relations From Text for Populating Knowledge Graph. Ph.D. thesis, Capital University (2023)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3445965","volume":"54","author":"Z Nasar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nasar, Z., Jaffry, S.W., Malik, M.K.: Named entity recognition and relation extraction: state-of-the-art. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 54(1), 1\u201339 (2021)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13174-018-0098-z","volume":"10","author":"GK Neumann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neumann, G.K., Grace, P., Burns, D., Surridge, M.: Pseudonymization risk analysis in distributed systems. J. Internet Serv. Appl. 10(1), 1\u201316 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13174-018-0098-z","journal-title":"J. Internet Serv. Appl."},{"key":"1_CR40","first-page":"27730","volume":"35","author":"L Ouyang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ouyang, L., Wu, J., Jiang, X., Almeida, D., et al.: Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Proc. Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 35, 27730\u201327744 (2022)","journal-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-01733-0","volume":"4","author":"A Pe\u00f1a","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, A., et al.: Human-centric multimodal machine learning: recent advances and testbed on AI-based recruitment. SN Comput. Sci. 4(5), 434 (2023)","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"key":"1_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, A., Fierrez, J., Morales, A., Mancera, G., Lopez, M., Tolosana, R.: Addressing bias in LLMs: Strategies and application to fair AI-based recruitment. In: AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES) (October 2025)","DOI":"10.1609\/aies.v8i2.36689"},{"key":"1_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102398","volume":"108","author":"A Pe\u00f1a","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, A., et al.: Continuous document layout analysis: Human-in-the-loop AI-based data curation, database, and evaluation in the domain of public affairs. Inform. Fusion 108, 102398 (2024)","journal-title":"Inform. Fusion"},{"key":"1_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, A., et al.: Leveraging large language models for topic classification in the domain of public affairs. In: IAPR Intl. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition Workshops (ICDARw). LNCS, vol. 14193, pp. 20\u201333. Springer (August 2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-41498-5_2"},{"key":"1_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, A., Serna, I., Morales, A., Fierrez, J.: Bias in multimodal AI: Testbed for fair automatic recruitment. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRw) (June 2020), also presented at ICML 2020 Workshop on Human-in-the-Loop Learning","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00022"},{"key":"1_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, A., Serna, I., Morales, A., Fierrez, J.: FairCVtest Demo: understanding bias in multimodal learning with a testbed in fair automatic recruitment. In: ACM Intl. Conf. on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI), pp. 760\u2013761 (October 2020), also presented at European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2020","DOI":"10.1145\/3382507.3421165"},{"key":"1_CR47","unstructured":"Pfitzmann, A., Hansen, M.: A terminology for talking about privacy by data minimization: Anonymity, unlinkability, undetectability, unobservability, pseudonymity, and identity management (2010)"},{"key":"1_CR48","unstructured":"Ritter, A., Clark, S., Etzioni, O., et\u00a0al.: Named entity recognition in tweets: an experimental study. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1524\u20131534 (2011)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/35.312842","volume":"32","author":"RS Sandhu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sandhu, R.S., Samarati, P.: Access control: principle and practice. IEEE Commun. Mag. 32(9), 40\u201348 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"1_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sang, E.F., De\u00a0Meulder, F.: Introduction to the CoNLL-2003 shared task: Language-independent named entity recognition. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Language Learning at HLT-NAACL 2003, pp. 142\u2013147 (2003)","DOI":"10.3115\/1119176.1119195"},{"key":"1_CR51","first-page":"1814","volume":"86","author":"PM Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz, P.M., Solove, D.J.: The PII problem: privacy and a new concept of personally identifiable information. NYUL rev. 86, 1814 (2011)","journal-title":"NYUL rev."},{"key":"1_CR52","unstructured":"Serna, I., DeAlcala, D., Morales, A., Fierrez, J., Ortega-Garcia, J.: IFBiD: Inference-free bias detection. In: AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety (SafeAI), CEUR-WS, vol.\u00a03087 (February 2022)"},{"key":"1_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2022.103682","volume":"305","author":"I Serna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Serna, I., Morales, A., Fierrez, J., Obradovich, N.: Sensitive loss: improving accuracy and fairness of face representations with discrimination-aware deep learning. Artif. Intell. 305, 103682 (2022)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"1_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2018.01.005","volume":"107","author":"YO Serrano-Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serrano-Silva, Y.O., et al.: Automatic feature weighting for improving financial decision support systems. Decis. Support Syst. 107, 78\u201387 (2018)","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"1_CR55","unstructured":"Staab, R., Vero, M., Balunovi\u0107, M., Vechev, M.: Large language models are advanced anonymizers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.13846 (2024)"},{"key":"1_CR56","unstructured":"Stalla-Bourdillon, S., Knight, A.: Anonymous data v. personal data-false debate: an eu perspective on anonymization, pseudonymization and personal data. Wisconsin Int. Law J. 34(2), 284\u2013322 (2017)"},{"key":"1_CR57","unstructured":"Tello, J., et al.: Symbolic AI (LFIT) for XAI to handle biases. In: European Conference on AI Workshops (ECAIw). CEUR-WS, vol.\u00a03523 (2023)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2021.3111823","volume":"3","author":"P Terhorst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Terhorst, P., et al.: A comprehensive study on face recognition biases beyond demographics. IEEE Trans. Technol. Society 3(1), 16\u201330 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Technol. Society"},{"key":"1_CR59","unstructured":"The White House: Memorandum on Advancing the United States\u2019 Leadership in Artificial Intelligence. (2024). https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/presidential-actions\/2024\/10\/24\/"},{"key":"1_CR60","unstructured":"Touvron, H., et\u00a0al.: LLaMA: Open and efficient foundation language models. arXiv:2302.13971 (2023)"},{"key":"1_CR61","unstructured":"Touvron, H., et\u00a0al.: LLaMA 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models. arXiv:2307.09288 (2023)"},{"key":"1_CR62","unstructured":"Vaswani, A.: Attention is all you need. In: Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2017)"},{"key":"1_CR63","unstructured":"Veldhuis, R., et\u00a0al.: Privacy and Security Matters in Biometric Technologies. Springer (2025)"},{"key":"1_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voigt, P., Von\u00a0dem Bussche, A.: The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - A Practical Guide. Springer (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57959-7"},{"issue":"9","key":"1_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.9b00470","volume":"59","author":"L Weston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weston, L., et al.: Named entity recognition and normalization applied to large-scale information extraction from the materials science literature. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 59(9), 3692\u20133702 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Document Analysis and Recognition \u2013 ICDAR 2025 Workshops"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-09368-4_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T18:14:14Z","timestamp":1763921654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-09368-4_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"ISBN":["9783032093677","9783032093684"],"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-09368-4_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ICDAR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Wuhan","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21 September 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"icdar2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/iapr.org\/icdar2025","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}