{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T01:44:57Z","timestamp":1767318297936,"version":"3.48.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032123916","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032123923","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T01:40:52Z","timestamp":1767318052000},"page":"213-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CAAD: A Cognitive-Aware Framework for\u00a0AI Agent Design in\u00a0Complex Tasks"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3393-9575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieyu","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xinxiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aboufoul, M., Wesslen, R., Cho, I., Dou, W., Shaikh, S.: Using hidden Markov models to determine cognitive states of visual analytic users (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MLUI52768.2018.10075648","DOI":"10.1109\/MLUI52768.2018.10075648"},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albers, M.: Human-information interaction with complex information for decision-making (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/informatics2020004","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics2020004"},{"key":"14_CR3","unstructured":"Ali, T., Kostakos, P.: HuntGPT: integrating machine learning-based anomaly detection and explainable AI with large language models (LLMS). arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16021 (2023)"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhargava, H., Krishnan, R., Whinston, A.: On integrating collaboration and decision analysis techniques (1994). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10919399409540229","DOI":"10.1080\/10919399409540229"},{"key":"14_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buchholz, V., Kopp, S.: Towards an adaptive assistance system for monitoring tasks: assessing mental workload using eye-tracking and performance measures (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICHMS49158.2020.9209435","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHMS49158.2020.9209435"},{"key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvano, M.: Design and evaluation of high-quality symbiotic ai systems through a human-centered approach. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, pp. 488\u2013493 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3661167.3661223"},{"key":"14_CR7","unstructured":"Castaneda, C., Mindel, J., Page, W., Stec, H., Yu, M., Holstein, K.: Supporting ai-augmented meta-decision making with indecision. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.12433 (2025)"},{"key":"14_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, P., et al.: Coexploreds: framing and advancing collaborative design space exploration between human and AI. In: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201320 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713869"},{"key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, T.J., Mohanty, R.R., Krishnamurthy, V.R.: Queries and cues: textual stimuli for reflective thinking in digital mind-mapping (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4052297","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4052297"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1994.1031","volume":"40","author":"NP Dalal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dalal, N.P., Kasper, G.M.: The design of joint cognitive systems: the effect of cognitive coupling on performance. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 40(4), 677\u2013702 (1994)","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum Comput Stud."},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davidson, K., Lisle, L., Whitley, K., Bowman, D., North, C.: Exploring the evolution of sensemaking strategies in immersive space to think (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2022.3207357","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2022.3207357"},{"key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhanoa, V., Wolter, A., Le\u2019on, G.M., Schulz, H.J., Elmqvist, N.: Agentic visualization: extracting agent-based design patterns from visualization systems (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2025.3607741"},{"key":"14_CR13","unstructured":"Fok, R., et al.: Facets, taxonomies, and syntheses: navigating structured representations in LLM-assisted literature review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.18496 (2025)"},{"key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frejus, M., Lahoual, D., Gras-Gentiletti, M.: Making human-ai interactions sustainable: 7 key questions for an ergonomics perspective on artificial intelligence. Ergonomics Des. 47(47) (2022)","DOI":"10.54941\/ahfe1001948"},{"key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gebreegziabher, S.A.: Cognition-inspired interactive frameworks for human-AI alignment (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3708557.3716147","DOI":"10.1145\/3708557.3716147"},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521066","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2024.1521066","volume":"6","author":"C Gomez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gomez, C., Cho, S.M., Ke, S., Huang, C.M., Unberath, M.: Human-AI collaboration is not very collaborative yet: a taxonomy of interaction patterns in ai-assisted decision making from a systematic review. Front. Comput. Sci. 6, 1521066 (2025)","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Graham, L., et al.: Applying cognitive task analysis to health services research. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.14106","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.14106"},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Greef, T., Lafeber, H., van Oostendorp, H., Lindenberg, J.: Eye movement as indicators of mental workload to trigger adaptive automation. In: Schmorrow, D.D., Estabrooke, I.V., Grootjen, M. (eds.) FAC 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5638, pp. 219\u2013228. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-02812-0_26","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02812-0_26"},{"key":"14_CR19","unstructured":"Hassan, M.M., Knipper, A., Santu, S.K.K.: ChatGPT as your personal data scientist. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13657 (2023)"},{"key":"14_CR20","unstructured":"He, C., Zou, B., Xing, J., Chen, J., Shi, Y., Ma, H.: Decode: defer-and-complement decision-making via decoupled concept bottleneck models (2025)"},{"key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He, G., Hemmer, P., Vossing, M., Schemmer, M., Gadiraju, U.: Fine-grained appropriate reliance: human-AI collaboration with a multi-step transparent decision workflow for complex task decomposition (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2501.10909","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2501.10909"},{"issue":"6","key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807184115","volume":"116","author":"J Heer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heer, J.: Agency plus automation: designing artificial intelligence into interactive systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116(6), 1844\u20131850 (2019)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"14_CR23","unstructured":"Huang, D., Zhang, J.M., Luck, M., Bu, Q., Qing, Y., Cui, H.: Agentcoder: multi-agent-based code generation with iterative testing and optimisation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.13010 (2024)"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang, P., Rayan, J., Dow, S.W., Xia, H.: Graphologue: exploring large language model responses with interactive diagrams (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3586183.3606737","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606737"},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jung, G., Park, S., Lee, U.: Deepstress: supporting stressful context sensemaking in personal informatics systems using a quasi-experimental approach (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642766","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642766"},{"key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klein, G., Moon, B., Hoffman, R.: Making sense of sensemaking 1: alternative perspectives (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MIS.2006.75","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.75"},{"key":"14_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klein, G., Moon, B., Hoffman, R.: Making sense of sensemaking 2: a macrocognitive model (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MIS.2006.100","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.100"},{"key":"14_CR28","unstructured":"Klein, G., Phillips, J.K., Rall, E.L., Peluso, D.A.: A data\u2013frame theory of sensemaking. In: Expertise Out of Context, pp. 118\u2013160. Psychology Press (2007)"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-021-00317-3","volume":"19","author":"MM Ko\u0107-Januchta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ko\u0107-Januchta, M.M., Sch\u00f6nborn, K.J., Roehrig, C., Chaudhri, V.K., Tibell, L.A.E., Heller, H.C.: Connecting concepts helps put main ideas together: cognitive load and usability in learning biology with an AI-enriched textbook. Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ. 19(1), 1\u201322 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-021-00317-3","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ."},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, S., Turan, Z., \u00c7a\u011fla Nur\u00a0\u00d6zkan, Ta\u015f, Y.F., G\u00fcrsoy, T.: An innovative approach in middle school science courses: effects of collaborative augmented reality activities on motivation, cognitive load, and satisfaction (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2024.2408582","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2024.2408582"},{"key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lagomarsino, M., Lorenzini, M., Balatti, P., Momi, E., Ajoudani, A.: Pick the right co-worker: online assessment of cognitive ergonomics in human-robot collaborative assembly (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCDS.2022.3182811","DOI":"10.1109\/TCDS.2022.3182811"},{"key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lagomarsino, M., Lorenzini, M., Momi, E., Ajoudani, A.: An online framework for cognitive load assessment in assembly tasks (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcim.2022.102380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2022.102380"},{"key":"14_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lini, S., Hannotte, L., Beugniot, M.: Effect of a real-time psychophysiological feedback, its display format and reliability on cognitive workload and performance (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5220\/0005939500750079","DOI":"10.5220\/0005939500750079"},{"key":"14_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, J., Jiang, B.: Scaffolding students\u2019 ill-structured problem solving via LLM - multi-armed bandit problem as a case (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58459\/icce.2024.4827","DOI":"10.58459\/icce.2024.4827"},{"key":"14_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma, S., et al.: Towards human-AI deliberation: Design and evaluation of LLM-empowered deliberative AI for AI-assisted decision-making (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3713423","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713423"},{"key":"14_CR36","unstructured":"Viros-i Martin, A., Selva, D.: A framework to study human-AI collaborative design space exploration. In: International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, vol. 85420, p. V006T06A052. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2021)"},{"key":"14_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mingardi, M., Pluchino, P., Bacchin, D., Rossato, C., Gamberini, L.: Assessment of implicit and explicit measures of mental workload in working situations: implications for industry 4 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10186416","DOI":"10.3390\/app10186416"},{"key":"14_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okamura, K., Yamada, S.: Adaptive trust calibration for human-AI collaboration (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229132"},{"key":"14_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okamura, K., Yamada, S.: Empirical evaluations of framework for adaptive trust calibration in human-AI cooperation (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3042556","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3042556"},{"key":"14_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papautsky, E., Strouse, R.V., Dominguez, C.: Combining cognitive task analysis and participatory design methods to elicit and represent task flows (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1555343420976014","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343420976014"},{"key":"14_CR41","unstructured":"Park, S., Subramonyam, H., Kulkarni, C.: Thinking assistants: LLM-based conversational assistants that help users think by asking rather than answering (2023)"},{"key":"14_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Y., et al.: Navigating the unknown: a chat-based collaborative interface for personalized exploratory tasks. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 1048\u20131063 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3708359.3712093"},{"key":"14_CR43","unstructured":"Pirolli, P., Card, S.: The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligence Analysis, vol.\u00a05, pp.\u00a02\u20134. McLean, VA, USA (2005)"},{"key":"14_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qian, Z., Savko, L.O., Neubauer, C., Gremillion, G., Unhelkar, V.: Measuring variations in workload during human-robot collaboration through automated after-action reviews (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3610978.3640677","DOI":"10.1145\/3610978.3640677"},{"key":"14_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahman, S., Kandogan, E.: Characterizing practices, limitations, and opportunities related to text information extraction workflows: a human-in-the-loop perspective (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3502068","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502068"},{"key":"14_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sacha, D., Stoffel, A., Stoffel, F., Kwon, B.C., Ellis, G.P., Keim, D.: Knowledge generation model for visual analytics (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346481","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346481"},{"key":"14_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Savko, L.O., Qian, Z., Gremillion, G., Neubauer, C., Canady, J.D., Unhelkar, V.: Rw4t dataset: data of human-robot behavior and cognitive states in simulated disaster response tasks (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3610977.3637481","DOI":"10.1145\/3610977.3637481"},{"key":"14_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaban, A., Pearson, E., Chang, V.: Evaluation of user experience, cognitive load, and training performance of a gamified cognitive training application for children with learning disabilities (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomp.2021.617056","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2021.617056"},{"key":"14_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shergadwala, M.N., Seif El-Nasr, M.: Human-centric design requirements and challenges for enabling human-AI interaction in engineering design: an interview study. In: International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, vol. 85420, p. V006T06A054. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2021)","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2021-69809"},{"issue":"6","key":"14_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1741118","volume":"36","author":"B Shneiderman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B.: Human-centered artificial intelligence: reliable, safe & trustworthy. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 36(6), 495\u2013504 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"14_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Souchet, A.D., Amokrane-Ferka, K., Burkhardt, J.M.: AI-assistance to decision-makers: evaluating usability, induced cognitive load, and trust\u2019s impact (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3673805.3673845","DOI":"10.1145\/3673805.3673845"},{"key":"14_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"St-Onge, D., et al.: Planetary exploration with robot teams: implementing higher autonomy with swarm intelligence (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MRA.2019.2940413","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2019.2940413"},{"key":"14_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stasko, J., G\u00f6rg, C., Liu, Z.: Jigsaw: supporting investigative analysis through interactive visualization (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180"},{"key":"14_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Surbakti, R., Umboh, S.E., Pong, M., Dara, S.: Cognitive load theory: implications for instructional design in digital classrooms (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70177\/ijen.v2i6.1659","DOI":"10.70177\/ijen.v2i6.1659"},{"key":"14_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suryani, M., et al.: An initial user model design for adaptive interface development in learning management system based on cognitive load (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-024-00772-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-024-00772-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4","volume":"12","author":"J Sweller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sweller, J.: Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning. Cogn. Sci. 12(2), 257\u2013285 (1988)","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"14_CR57","unstructured":"Tariq, S., Chhetri, M.B., Nepal, S., Paris, C.: A2C: a modular multi-stage collaborative decision framework for human-AI teams. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.14432 (2024)"},{"key":"14_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tariq, S., Singh, R., Chhetri, M.B., Nepal, S., Paris, C.: Bridging expertise gaps: the role of LLMS in human-AI collaboration for cybersecurity. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.03179 (2025)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5462737"},{"key":"14_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Urech, A., Meier, P., Gut, S., Duchene, P., Christ, O.: Mapping or no mapping: the influence of controller interaction design in an immersive virtual reality tutorial in two different age groups (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mti8070059","DOI":"10.3390\/mti8070059"},{"key":"14_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vuckovic, M., Schmidt, J.: On sense making and the generation of knowledge in visual analytics (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/analytics1020008","DOI":"10.3390\/analytics1020008"},{"key":"14_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wasi, A.T., Islam, M.R.: CogErgLLM: exploring large language model systems design perspective using cognitive ergonomics. In: Peled-Cohen, L., Calderon, N., Lissak, S., Reichart, R. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on NLP for Science (NLP4Science), pp. 249\u2013258. Association for Computational Linguistics, Miami, FL, USA (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2024.nlp4science-1.22","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.nlp4science-1.22"},{"key":"14_CR62","unstructured":"Weng, L., Wang, X., Lu, J., Feng, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, W.: Insightlens: discovering and exploring insights from conversational contexts in large-language-model-powered data analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.01644 (2024)"},{"key":"14_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weng, L., et al.: Insightlens: augmenting LLM-powered data analysis with interactive insight management and navigation (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3567131","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3567131"},{"key":"14_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, X., Valente, D.C.B.: Adapting differentiated cognitive load measurement in physics classroom (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1119\/perc.2019.pr.wu","DOI":"10.1119\/perc.2019.pr.wu"},{"key":"14_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, X., Konnova, A., Gao, B., Peng, C., Vo, D., Dow, S.P.: Productive vs. reflective: how different ways of integrating AI into design workflows affect cognition and motivation. In: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201315 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713649"},{"key":"14_CR66","unstructured":"Xue, S., et al.: Db-GPT: empowering database interactions with private large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.17449 (2024)"},{"key":"14_CR67","unstructured":"Yang, S., Cheng, Q., Ma, R., Zhao, L., Wu, Z., Yu, G.: The wisdom of agent crowds: a human-AI interaction innovation ignition framework (2025)"},{"key":"14_CR68","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Shen, Y., Lu, W., Zhuang, Y.: Data-copilot: bridging billions of data and humans with autonomous workflow. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.07209 (2023)"},{"key":"14_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, C., et al.: CyberBot: towards reliable cybersecurity education via ontology-grounded retrieval augmented generation (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv:2504.00389","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv:2504.00389"},{"key":"14_CR70","unstructured":"Zheng, C., Miller, T., Bialkowski, A., Soyer, H.P., Janda, M.: Supporting data-frame dynamics in ai-assisted decision making. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.15894 (2025)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","HCI International 2025 \u2013 Late Breaking Papers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T01:40:54Z","timestamp":1767318054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032123916","9783032123923"],"references-count":70,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"HCII","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Gothenburg","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Sweden","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 June 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"hcii2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/2025.hci.international\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}