{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T01:46:19Z","timestamp":1767318379505,"version":"3.48.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032123916","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032123923","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_17","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T01:43:58Z","timestamp":1767318238000},"page":"262-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agent Transparency and Human Performance in the Context of Autonomous Collision Avoidance"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0168-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koen","family":"van de Merwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2058-6147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Mallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Engelhardtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"17_CR1","unstructured":"Royce, R.: Rolls-Royce unveils a vision of the future of remote and autonomous shipping. https:\/\/www.rolls-royce.com\/media\/press-releases\/2016\/pr-12-04-2016-rr-unveils-a-vision-of-future-of-remote-and-autonomus-shipping.aspx. Accessed 16 May 2022"},{"key":"17_CR2","unstructured":"Kongsberg: Kongsberg maritime and Massterly to equip and operate two zero-emission autonomous vessels for ASKO. https:\/\/www.kongsberg.com\/maritime\/about-us\/news-and-media\/news-archive\/2020\/zero-emission-autonomous-vessels\/. Accessed 18 Nov 2020"},{"key":"17_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R.: Ironies of artificial intelligence. Ergonomics, 1\u201313 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2023.2243404","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2023.2243404"},{"key":"17_CR4","unstructured":"Littman, M., et al.: Gathering Strength, Gathering Storms: The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) 2021 Study Panel Report. Stanford University, Stanford (2021). http:\/\/ai100.stanford.edu\/2021-report"},{"key":"17_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012030","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2311\/1\/012030","volume":"2311","author":"O Alsos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsos, O., et al.: NTNU Shore Control Lab: designing shore control centres in the age of autonomous ships. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2311, 012030 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2311\/1\/012030","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"17_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Porathe, T., Fjortoft, K., Bratbergsengen, I.L.: Human factors, autonomous ships and constrained coastal navigation. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 929(1), 012007 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899X\/929\/1\/012007","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/929\/1\/012007"},{"issue":"1","key":"17_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816681350","volume":"59","author":"MR Endsley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R.: From here to autonomy: lessons learned from human-automation research. Hum. Factors 59(1), 5\u201327 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720816681350","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"6","key":"17_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(83)90046-8","volume":"19","author":"L Bainbridge","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bainbridge, L.: Ironies of automation. Automatica 19(6), 775\u2013779 (1983). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-1098(83)90046-8","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"2","key":"17_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779064555","volume":"37","author":"MR Endsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R., Kiris, E.O.: The out-of-the-loop performance problem and level of control in automation. Hum. Factors 37(2), 381\u2013394 (1995). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872095779064555","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"17_CR10","unstructured":"Doshi-Velez, F., Kim, B.: Towards a rigorous science of interpretable machine learning. arXiv:1702.08608 [cs, stat], March 2017. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1702.08608. Accessed 20 Apr 2021"},{"key":"17_CR11","unstructured":"Lipton, Z.C.: The mythos of model interpretability. arXiv:1606.03490 [cs, stat], March 2017. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1606.03490. Accessed 3 Dec 2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"17_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810376055","volume":"52","author":"R Parasuraman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parasuraman, R., Manzey, D.H.: Complacency and bias in human use of automation: an attentional integration. Hum. Factors 52(3), 381\u2013410 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720810376055","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"5","key":"17_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815581940","volume":"57","author":"CD Wickens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wickens, C.D., Clegg, B.A., Vieane, A.Z., Sebok, A.L.: Complacency and automation bias in the use of imperfect automation. Hum. Factors 57(5), 728\u2013739 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720815581940","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"17_CR14","unstructured":"Mosier, K., Skitka, L.: Human decision makers and automated decision aids: made for each other?. In: Parasuraman, R., Mouloua, M. (eds.) Automation and human performance: theory and applications, vol. 40, pp. 201\u2013220. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (1996)"},{"issue":"2","key":"17_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1518\/001872097778543886","volume":"39","author":"R Parasuraman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Parasuraman, R., Riley, V.: Humans and automation: use, misuse, disuse, abuse. Hum. Factors 39(2), 230\u2013253 (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872097778543886","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"issue":"3","key":"17_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813501549","volume":"56","author":"L Onnasch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Onnasch, L., Wickens, C.D., Li, H., Manzey, D.: Human performance consequences of stages and levels of automation: an integrated meta-analysis. Hum. Factors 56(3), 476\u2013488 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720813501549","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"17_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Metzger, U., Parasuraman, R.: The role of the air traffic controller in future air traffic management: an empirical study of active control versus passive monitoring. Hum. Factors 43(4), 519\u2013528 (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1518\/001872001775870421","DOI":"10.1518\/001872001775870421"},{"issue":"1","key":"17_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315092898-13","volume":"37","author":"MR Endsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R.: Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum. Factors 37(1), 217\u2013249 (1995). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315092898-13","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"17_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, J.Y.C., Procci, K., Boyce, M., Wright, J., Garcia, A., Barnes, M.J.: Situation awareness-based agent transparency. U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, ARL-TR-6905, April 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21236\/ADA600351","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA600351"},{"key":"17_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107574","volume":"140","author":"MR Endsley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R.: Supporting human-AI Teams: transparency, explainability, and situation awareness. Comput. Hum. Behav. 140, 107574 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107574","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"17_CR21","unstructured":"Russell, S.J., Norvig, P.: Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. In: Pearson Series in Artificial Intelligence, 4th edn. Global edition. Pearson, Harlow (2022)"},{"issue":"3","key":"17_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.844354","volume":"30","author":"R Parasuraman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B., Wickens, C.D.: A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 30(3), 286\u2013297 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/3468.844354","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"17_CR23","unstructured":"van de Merwe, K.: Agent transparency and human performance in supervisory control. Doctoral thesis, University of South-Eastern Norway (2024). https:\/\/openarchive.usn.no\/usn-xmlui\/handle\/11250\/3145497. Accessed 12 Aug 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"17_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher, D., et al.: Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst. Rev. 4(1), 1 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"17_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208221077804","volume":"66","author":"K van de Merwe","year":"2024","unstructured":"van de Merwe, K., Mallam, S., Nazir, S.: Agent transparency, situation awareness, mental workload, and operator performance: a systematic literature review. Hum. Factors 66(1), 180\u2013208 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00187208221077804","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"17_CR26","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R., Bolt\u00e9, B., Jones, D.G.: Designing for Situation Awareness: An Approach to User-Centered Design. Taylor & Francis, London, New York (2003)"},{"key":"17_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2023.106329","volume":"169","author":"K van de Merwe","year":"2024","unstructured":"van de Merwe, K., Mallam, S., Nazir, S., Engelhardtsen, \u00d8.: Supporting human supervision in autonomous collision avoidance through agent transparency. Saf. Sci. 169, 13 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2023.106329","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"17_CR28","unstructured":"IMO: Convention of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS). International Maritime Organisation, Montreal, Canada, July 1977"},{"issue":"1","key":"17_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/21695067231192862","volume":"67","author":"K van de Merwe","year":"2023","unstructured":"van de Merwe, K., Mallam, S., Engelhardtsen, \u00d8., Nazir, S.: Towards an approach to define transparency requirements for maritime collision avoidance. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 67(1), 483\u2013488 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21695067231192862","journal-title":"Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet."},{"key":"17_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van de Merwe, K., Mallam, S., Engelhardtsen, \u00d8., Nazir, S.: Operationalising automation transparency for maritime collision avoidance. TransNav. Int. J. Mar. Navig. Saf. Sea Transp. 17(2), June 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12716\/1001.17.02.09","DOI":"10.12716\/1001.17.02.09"},{"issue":"2","key":"17_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/15553434241240553","volume":"18","author":"K van de Merwe","year":"2024","unstructured":"van de Merwe, K., Mallam, S., Nazir, S., Engelhardtsen, \u00d8.: The influence of agent transparency and complexity on situation awareness, mental workload, and task performance. J. Cogn. Eng. Decis. Mak. 18(2), 156\u2013184 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15553434241240553","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Eng. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"17_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van de Merwe, K., Mallam, S., Nazir, S., Engelhardtsen, \u00d8.: Navigators\u2019 perspective on information requirements for supervisory control of autonomous ships. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, p. 10711813241261686, August 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10711813241261686","DOI":"10.1177\/10711813241261686"},{"key":"17_CR33","unstructured":"ISO: ISO 9241\u2013210:2019 Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems (2019)"},{"key":"17_CR34","unstructured":"IEC: NEK IEC 60945:2002 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - General requirements - methods of testing and required test results (2002)"},{"key":"17_CR35","unstructured":"European Commission: Regulation (EU) 2024\/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300\/2008, (EU) No 167\/2013, (EU) No 168\/2013, (EU) 2018\/858, (EU) 2018\/1139 and (EU) 2019\/2144 and Directives 2014\/90\/EU, (EU) 2016\/797 and (EU) 2020\/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act), June 2024. http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2024\/1689\/oj\/eng. Accessed 16 Aug 2024"},{"key":"17_CR36","unstructured":"IMO: Guidelines for the approval of alternatives and equivalents as provided for in various IMO instruments. International Maritime Organisation, Montreal, Canada, MSC.1\/Circ.1455, June 2013"},{"key":"17_CR37","unstructured":"DNV: Autonomous and remotely operated ships. DNV, H\u00f8vik, Norway, DNV-CG-0264 (2024). https:\/\/www.dnv.com\/maritime\/autonomous-remotely-operated-ships\/class-guideline"},{"key":"17_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2023.104142","volume":"114","author":"M Tatasciore","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tatasciore, M., Loft, S.: Can increased automation transparency mitigate the effects of time pressure on automation use? Appl. Ergon. 114, 104142 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2023.104142","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"issue":"3","key":"17_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2020.2988859","volume":"50","author":"M Vered","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vered, M., Howe, P., Miller, T., Sonenberg, L., Velloso, E.: Demand-driven transparency for monitoring intelligent agents. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 50(3), 264\u2013275 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/THMS.2020.2988859","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","HCI International 2025 \u2013 Late Breaking Papers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T01:44:00Z","timestamp":1767318240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032123916","9783032123923"],"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-12392-3_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"HCII","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Gothenburg","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Sweden","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 June 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"hcii2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/2025.hci.international\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}