{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:29:56Z","timestamp":1766388596602,"version":"3.48.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032131089","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032131096","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-13109-6_6","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:27:37Z","timestamp":1766388457000},"page":"74-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Semi-automatic Approach for\u00a0Validating Ontology Alignments Based on\u00a0LLMs and\u00a0KGs"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Diallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"d\u2019 Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mouhamadou","family":"Thiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agrawal, G., Kumarage, T., Alghamdi, Z., Liu, H.: Can knowledge graphs reduce hallucinations in LLMs? : a survey. In: Duh, K., Gomez, H., Bethard, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 3947\u20133960. Association for Computational Linguistics, Mexico City, Mexico (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2024.naacl-long.219","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.naacl-long.219"},{"issue":"3","key":"6_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"S Anam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anam, S., Kim, Y.S., Kang, B.H., Liu, Q.: Review of ontology matching approaches and challenges. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Solutions 3(3), 1\u201327 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Solutions"},{"key":"6_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babaei\u00a0Giglou, H., D\u2019Souza, J., Engel, F., Auer, S.: Llms4om: matching ontologies with large language models. In: European Semantic Web Conference, pp. 25\u201335. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78952-6_3"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-1480-3-S1-S4","volume":"3","author":"E Beisswanger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beisswanger, E., Hahn, U.: Towards valid and reusable reference alignments\u2014ten basic quality checks for ontology alignments and their application to three different reference data sets. J. Biomed. Semantics 3(Suppl 1), S4 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Semantics"},{"key":"6_CR5","unstructured":"ConceptNet: Conceptnetkg (2025). https:\/\/conceptnet.io\/, Accessed 16 July"},{"key":"6_CR6","unstructured":"ConferenceTrack: Conferencetrack (2024). https:\/\/oaei.ontologymatching.org\/2024\/conference\/index.html, Accessed 24 July"},{"key":"6_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David, J., Euzenat, J., Scharffe, F., Trojahn\u00a0dos Santos, C.: The alignment API 4.0. Semantic Web 2(1), 3\u201310 (2011)","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-2011-0028"},{"key":"6_CR8","unstructured":"DBpedia: Dbpediaknowledge graph (2025). https:\/\/www.dbpedia.org\/resources\/knowledge-graphs\/, Accessed 16 July"},{"key":"6_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, H., Chen, J., He, Y., Gao, Y., Horrocks, I.: A language model based framework for new concept placement in ontologies. In: European Semantic Web Conference, pp. 79\u201399. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60626-7_5"},{"key":"6_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dragisic, Z., Ivanova, V., Lambrix, P., Faria, D., Jim\u00e9nez-Ruiz, E., Pesquita, C.: User validation in ontology alignment. In: International Semantic Web Conference, pp. 200\u2013217. Springer (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46523-4_13"},{"key":"6_CR11","unstructured":"Dubey, A., et\u00a0al.: The llama 3 herd of models. arXiv e-prints pp. arXiv\u20132407 (2024)"},{"key":"6_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faria, D., Pesquita, C., Santos, E., Palmonari, M., Cruz, I.F., Couto, F.M.: The agreementmakerlight ontology matching system. In: OTM Confederated International Conferences\u201c On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems\", pp. 527\u2013541. Springer (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41030-7_38"},{"key":"6_CR13","unstructured":"Funk, M., Hosemann, S., Jung, J.C., Lutz, C.: Towards ontology construction with language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.09898 (2023)"},{"key":"6_CR14","unstructured":"graph, G.K.: Googlekg (2025). https:\/\/developers.google.com\/knowledge-graph?hl=fr, Accessed 16 July"},{"key":"6_CR15","unstructured":"He, Y., Chen, J., Dong, H., Horrocks, I.: Exploring large language models for ontology alignment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.07172 (2023)"},{"key":"6_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hogan, A., et al.: Knowledge Graphs. No.\u00a022 in Synthesis Lectures on Data, Semantics, and Knowledge, Springer (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2200\/S01125ED1V01Y202109DSK022, https:\/\/kgbook.org\/","DOI":"10.2200\/S01125ED1V01Y202109DSK022"},{"key":"6_CR17","unstructured":"Li, J., Garijo, D., Poveda-Villal\u00f3n, M.: Large language models for ontology engineering: a systematic literature review (2025)"},{"key":"6_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, J.: An enhanced prompt-based LLM reasoning scheme via knowledge graph-integrated collaboration. In: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pp. 251\u2013265. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72344-5_17"},{"key":"6_CR19","unstructured":"Liu, A., et\u00a0al.: Deepseek-v3 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.19437 (2024)"},{"key":"6_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.09.557","volume":"246","author":"G Macilenti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Macilenti, G., Stellato, A., Fiorelli, M.: Prompting is not all you need evaluating gpt-4 performance on a real-world ontology alignment use case. Procedia Comput. Sci. 246, 1289\u20131298 (2024)","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"6_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateiu, P., Groza, A.: Ontology engineering with large language models. In: 2023 25th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC), pp. 226\u2013229. IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/SYNASC61333.2023.00038"},{"key":"6_CR22","unstructured":"Minaee, S., et al.: Large language models: a survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.06196 (2024)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3211871","volume":"51","author":"P Ochieng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ochieng, P., Kyanda, S.: Large-scale ontology matching: state-of-the-art analysis. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 51(4), 1\u201335 (2018)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"6_CR24","unstructured":"ollama: ollamatool (2024). https:\/\/ollama.com\/, Accessed 17 July"},{"key":"6_CR25","first-page":"27730","volume":"35","author":"L Ouyang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ouyang, L., et al.: Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 35, 27730\u201327744 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"6_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Portisch,\u00a0J., Hladik,\u00a0M.,P.H.: Background knowledge in ontology matching: a survey. Semantic Web, 2639\u20132693 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/SW-223085","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-223085"},{"key":"6_CR27","unstructured":"Qiang, Z., Taylor, K., Wang, W., Jiang, J.: Oaei-LLM: a benchmark dataset for understanding large language model hallucinations in ontology matching. arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.14038 (2024)"},{"key":"6_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiang, Z., Wang, W., Taylor, K.: Agent-om: leveraging LLM agents for ontology matching. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.00326 (2024)","DOI":"10.14778\/3712221.3712222"},{"key":"6_CR29","unstructured":"Rawte, V., Sheth, A., Das, A.: A survey of hallucination in large foundation models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.05922 (2023)"},{"key":"6_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampels, J., Efeoglu, S., Schimmler, S.: Exploring prompt generation utilizing graph search algorithms for ontology matching. In: Knowledge Graphs in the Age of Language Models and Neuro-Symbolic AI, pp. 2\u201319. IOS Press (2024)","DOI":"10.3233\/SSW240003"},{"issue":"1","key":"6_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2011.253","volume":"25","author":"P Shvaiko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shvaiko, P., Euzenat, J.: Ontology matching: state of the art and future challenges. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 25(1), 158\u2013176 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"6_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da\u00a0Silva, L.M.V., Kocher, A., Gehlhoff, F., Fay, A.: On the use of large language models to generate capability ontologies. In: 2024 IEEE 29th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), pp.\u00a01\u20138. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA61755.2024.10710775"},{"issue":"4","key":"6_CR33","first-page":"689","volume":"11","author":"E Thi\u00e9blin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thi\u00e9blin, E., Haemmerl\u00e9, O., Hernandez, N., Trojahn, C.: Survey on complex ontology matching. Semantic Web 11(4), 689\u2013727 (2020)","journal-title":"Semantic Web"},{"key":"6_CR34","unstructured":"Zamazal, O.: Towards pattern-based complex ontology matching using sparql and LLM. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Semantic Systems (SEMANTiCS 2024), SEMANTiCS, Amsterdam, Netherlands (2024)"},{"key":"6_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2017.01.001","volume":"43","author":"O Zamazal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zamazal, O., Sv\u00e1tek, V.: The ten-year ontofarm and its fertilization within the onto-sphere. J. Web Semantics 43, 46\u201353 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Web Semantics"},{"key":"6_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., et al.: Ontochat: a framework for conversational ontology engineering using language models. In: European Semantic Web Conference, pp. 102\u2013121. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78952-6_10"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"6_CR37","first-page":"822","volume":"129","author":"S Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Bodenreider, O.: Lessons learned from cross-validating alignments between large anatomical ontologies. Stud. Heal. Technol. Inf. 129(Pt 1), 822 (2007)","journal-title":"Stud. Heal. Technol. Inf."},{"key":"6_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888920000168","volume":"35","author":"L Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, L., et al.: Towards evaluating complex ontology alignments. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 35, e21 (2020)","journal-title":"Knowl. Eng. Rev."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-13109-6_6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:27:43Z","timestamp":1766388463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-13109-6_6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"ISBN":["9783032131089","9783032131096"],"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-13109-6_6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2025","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"KGSWC","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Knowledge Graph and Semantic Web Conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Leipzig","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"7","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"kgswc2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/kgsw.org\/index.php","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}