{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T23:08:50Z","timestamp":1778368130961,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032190956","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032190963","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-19096-3_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T22:13:37Z","timestamp":1778364817000},"page":"53-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep Learning for\u00a0Food Security Forecasting in\u00a0West and\u00a0East Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mehtab Alam","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Seif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Interdonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Lavarenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Madec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR1","first-page":"6106557","volume":"2022","author":"R Alfred","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alfred, R., et al.: Modelling and forecasting fresh agro-food commodity consumption per capita in Malaysia using machine learning. Mob. Inf. Syst. 2022(1), 6106557 (2022)","journal-title":"Mob. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azmi, F.R., Zailani, S., Roni, M.: A review of the critical gaps in the food security literature: addressing key issues for sustainable development. Inf. Manag. Bus. Rev. (2023)","DOI":"10.22610\/imbr.v15i2(I).3440"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000377","volume":"46","author":"L Chai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chai, L.: Food insecurity and health: marital status and gender variations. Fam. Commun. Health 46(4), 242\u2013249 (2023)","journal-title":"Fam. Commun. Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1080\/03066150.2020.1823838","volume":"47","author":"J Clapp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clapp, J., Moseley, W.G.: This food crisis is different: Covid-19 and the fragility of the neoliberal food security order. J. Peasant Stud. 47(7), 1393\u20131417 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Peasant Stud."},{"key":"4_CR5","unstructured":"Climate Change: Agriculture and food security. In: FAO (ed.) The State of Food and Agriculture. FAO, Rome, Italy (2016)"},{"key":"4_CR6","unstructured":"Cohen, M.J.: Advances in Food Security and Sustainability. Elsevier (2023)"},{"key":"4_CR7","unstructured":"Copernicus Climate Data Store: Era5 dataset: Reanalysis single levels (2024). https:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/cdsapp#!\/dataset\/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview. Accessed 25 Apr 2024"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.116189","volume":"190","author":"H Del\u00e9glise","year":"2022","unstructured":"Del\u00e9glise, H., Interdonato, R., B\u00e9gu\u00e9, A., Ma\u00eetre d\u2019H\u00f4tel, E., Teisseire, M., Roche, M.: Food security prediction from heterogeneous data combining machine and deep learning methods. Expert Syst. Appl. 190, 116189 (2022)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dillon, A., Mensah, E.R.: Respondent biases in household surveys. Agricult. Food Sci. (2021)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3801258"},{"key":"4_CR10","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy, A., et al.: An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. CoRR abs\/2010.11929 (2020)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.154","volume":"8","author":"H El Bilali","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Bilali, H., Callenius, C., Strassner, C., Probst, L.: Food and nutrition security and sustainability transitions in food systems. Food Energy Secur. 8(2), e00154 (2019)","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur."},{"key":"4_CR12","unstructured":"ESRI: Sentinel-2 land cover explorer (2022). https:\/\/livingatlas.arcgis.com\/landcoverexplorer\/. Accessed 20 May 2024"},{"key":"4_CR13","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization: An introduction to the basic concepts of food security. Food security information for action practical guides, EC-FAO Food Security Programme (2008)"},{"key":"4_CR14","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Food security. Technical report, FAO, Rome, Italy (2006)"},{"key":"4_CR15","unstructured":"G\u00e9ron, A.: Hands-on machine learning with scikit-learn, Keras, and TensorFlow: concepts. Aur\u00e9lien G\u00e9ron-Google Kitaplar, yy (2019). https:\/\/books.google.com.tr\/books"},{"key":"4_CR16","unstructured":"GHSL - Global Human Settlement Layer: Population data (2024). https:\/\/human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu\/download.php?ds=pop. Accessed 17 June 2024"},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/14735903.2017.1293929","volume":"15","author":"C Hall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hall, C., Dawson, T.P., Macdiarmid, J.I., Matthews, R.B., Smith, P.: The impact of population growth and climate change on food security in Africa: looking ahead to 2050. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 15, 124\u2013135 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Sustain."},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hostettler, S., Najih Besson, S., Bolay, J.-C. (eds.): UNESCO 2016. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91068-0","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91068-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01698-9","volume":"5","author":"J Herteux","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herteux, J., et al.: Forecasting trends in food security with real time data. Commun. Earth Environ. 5(1), 611 (2024)","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10617-x","volume":"56","author":"N Jarray","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jarray, N., Ben Abbes, A., Farah, I.R.: Machine learning for food security: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Artif. Intell. Rev. 56(6), 3853\u20133876 (2023)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy, G., et al.: Proxy measures of household food consumption for food security assessment and surveillance: comparison of the household dietary diversity and food consumption scores. Pub. Health Nutr. 13(12) (2010)","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001000145X"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kousar, S., Ahmed, F., Pervaiz, A., Bojnec, S.: Food insecurity, population growth, urbanization and water availability: the role of government stability. Sustainability (2021)","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212336"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy,\u00a0R.P.K., Fisher, J.B., Choularton, R.J., Kareiva, P.M.: Anticipating drought-related food security changes. Nat. Sustain. 5(11), 956\u2013964 (2022)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-00962-0"},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2019.06.008","volume":"122","author":"EC Lentz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lentz, E.C., Michelson, H., Baylis, K., Zhou, Y.: A data-driven approach improves food insecurity crisis prediction. World Dev. 122, 399\u2013409 (2019)","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., et al.: Swin transformer: hierarchical vision transformer using shifted windows. CoRR abs\/2103.14030 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00986"},{"key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00587-8","volume":"3","author":"G Martini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martini, G., et al.: Machine learning can guide food security efforts when primary data are not available. Nat. Food 3, 716\u2013728 (2022)","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.261","volume":"10","author":"A Molotoks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molotoks, A., Smith, P., Dawson, T.P.: Impacts of land use, population, and climate change on global food security. Food Energy Secur. 10(1), e261 (2021)","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur."},{"key":"4_CR28","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR): Rwanda microdata catalog (2021). https:\/\/microdata.statistics.gov.rw\/index.php\/catalog. Accessed 16 Mar 2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.3390\/land12051012","volume":"12","author":"SO Okeleye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okeleye, S.O., Okhimamhe, A.A., Sanfo, S., F\u00fcrst, C.: Impacts of land use and land cover changes on migration and food security of North Central Region, Nigeria. Land 12(5), 1012 (2023)","journal-title":"Land"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11050523","volume":"11","author":"C Pelletier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pelletier, C., Webb, G.I., Petitjean, F.: Temporal convolutional neural network for the classification of satellite image time series. Remote Sens. 11(5), 523 (2019)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saint\u00a0Ville, A., Po, J.Y.T., Sen, A., Bui, A., Melgar-Qui\u00f1onez, H.: Food security and the food insecurity experience scale (FIES): ensuring progress by 2030. Food Secur. 11, 483\u2013491 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-019-00936-9"},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarasiou, M., Chavez, E., Zafeiriou, S.: Vits for sits: vision transformers for satellite image time series. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.04944 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01004"},{"key":"4_CR33","unstructured":"World Food Programme: Evaluation fact sheets on food and nutrition security indicators \/ measures: Dietary diversity (dd). Technical report, World Food Programme (2009)"},{"key":"4_CR34","unstructured":"World Food Programme (WFP): WFP food prices for Rwanda (2024). https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/wfp-food-prices-for-rwanda. Accessed 18 Apr 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-023-01044-8","volume":"19","author":"D Xing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xing, D., Wang, Y., Sun, P., Huang, H., Lin, E.: A CNN-LSTM-ATT hybrid model for classification and evaluation of growth status under drought and heat stress in Chinese FIR (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Plant Methods 19(1), 66 (2023)","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"4_CR36","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Yang, M., Min, S., Qing, P.: Prediction of household food insecurity in rural China: an application of machine learning methods. Int. Food Agribusiness Manage. Rev. 1(aop), 1\u201321 (2025)"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-19096-3_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T22:13:39Z","timestamp":1778364819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-19096-3_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032190956","9783032190963"],"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-19096-3_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The code and data associated with this article are available at the following link:\n                      \n                      .","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data and Software Availability"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no financial or personal interests that could influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"ECML PKDD","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Porto","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Portugal","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2025","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"19 September 2025","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ecml2025","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/ecmlpkdd.org\/2025\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}