{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:29:45Z","timestamp":1787153385381,"version":"build-2736575974"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032193421","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032193438","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-19343-8_19","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:31:03Z","timestamp":1776292263000},"page":"294-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Car-Sharing Efficiency: Incentives and Situational Factors in Vehicle Relocation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"Cieliczko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"19_CR1","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences","author":"A Agresti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agresti, A.: Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences, 5th edn. Pearson (2018)","edition":"5"},{"key":"19_CR2","volume-title":"One-Way Carsharing\"S Evolution and Operator Perspectives from the Americas. Master\"S Thesis","author":"JM Barrios","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barrios, J.M.: One-Way Carsharing\"S Evolution and Operator Perspectives from the Americas. Master\"S Thesis. University of California, Berkeley (2012) https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/83s1z8j4"},{"key":"19_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boldrini, C., Bruno, R., Conti, M.: Characterising demand and usage patterns in a large station-based car sharing system. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, pp. 572\u2013577 (2016). doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INFCOMW.2016.7562141","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2016.7562141"},{"key":"19_CR4","first-page":"485","volume":"81","author":"B Boyaci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boyaci, B., Zografos, K.G., Geroliminis, N.: Optimization of one-way car-sharing operations with relocation and reservation. Transp. Res. B Methodol. 81, 485\u2013501 (2015)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. B Methodol."},{"key":"19_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7090","DOI":"10.3390\/su14127090","volume":"14","author":"A Brendel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brendel, A., Lichtenberg, S., Morana, S., Prinz, C., Hillmann, B.: Designing a crowd-based relocation system\u2014the case of car-sharing. Sustainability. 14, 7090 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14127090","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"19_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/15472450.2013.836928","volume":"18","author":"GHA Correia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Correia, G.H.A., Jorge, D.R., Antunes, D.M.: The added value of accounting for users flexibility and information on the potential of a station-based one-way car-sharing system: An application in Lisbon, Portugal. Intell. Transp. Syst. Technol. Planning Oper. 18, 299 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15472450.2013.836928","journal-title":"Intell. Transp. Syst. Technol. Planning Oper."},{"key":"19_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eliyan, A., Kerbache, L.: Vehicle Relocation in One-Way Carsharing: A Review. Preprints (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202311.0665.v1","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202311.0665.v1"},{"key":"19_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2017.11.007","volume":"81","author":"C Gambella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gambella, C., Malaguti, E., Masini, F., Vigo, D.: Optimizing relocation operations in electric car-sharing. Omega. 81, 234\u2013245 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omega.2017.11.007","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"11","key":"19_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981231164383","volume":"2677","author":"C Gkartzonikas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gkartzonikas, C., Dimitriou, L.: Shared micro-mobility Services for University Communities: a multivariate ordered Probit approach. Transp. Res. Rec. 2677(11), 148\u2013168 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03611981231164383","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"19_CR10","unstructured":"Herrenkind, B., Brendel, A., Lichtenberg, S., Kolbe, L.: Computing incentives for UserBased relocation in Carsharing. J. Adv. Transp. (2019) https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/329739627_Computing_Incentives_for_User-Based_Relocation_in_Carsharing"},{"issue":"2","key":"19_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20247","volume":"31","author":"MA Hertzog","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hertzog, M.A.: Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Res. Nurs. Health. 31(2), 180\u2013191 (2008)","journal-title":"Res. Nurs. Health"},{"key":"19_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ho, H., Laras, A., Song, J., Deng, Z., Messa, F., Ceccarelli, G., et al.: Vehicle allocation Modeling: optimizing the logistics behind a free-flow car-sharing in Milan, Italy. Transform Transp. Working Pap. Collect. Zenodo. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.14232091","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.14232091"},{"key":"19_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102081","volume":"142","author":"K Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, K., An, K., Rich, J., Ma, W.: Vehicle relocation in one-way station-based electric carsharing systems: a comparative study of operator-based and user-based methods. Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. 142, 102081 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102081","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev."},{"key":"19_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2022.12.007","volume":"31","author":"W Kriswardhana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kriswardhana, W., Eszterg\u00e1r-Kiss, D.: A systematic literature review of mobility as a service: examining the socio-technical factors in MaaS adoption and bundling packages. Travel Behav. Soc. 31, 232\u2013243 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tbs.2022.12.007","journal-title":"Travel Behav. Soc."},{"issue":"260","key":"19_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441","volume":"47","author":"WH Kruskal","year":"1952","unstructured":"Kruskal, W.H., Wallis, W.A.: Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 47(260), 583\u2013621 (1952)","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"19_CR16","first-page":"22","volume":"38","author":"E Martin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin, E., Shaheen, S.: The impact of carsharing on household vehicle ownership. Transp. Res. Rec. 38(1), 22\u201327 (2011)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"19_CR17","volume-title":"Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting","author":"M Matyas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matyas, M., Kamargianni, M.: Exploring the potential of mobility as a Service in London. In: Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting (2017)"},{"issue":"2","key":"19_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01109.x","volume":"42","author":"P McCullagh","year":"1980","unstructured":"McCullagh, P.: Regression models for ordinal data. J. Royal Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodological). 42(2), 109\u2013142 (1980)","journal-title":"J. Royal Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodological)"},{"key":"19_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1108\/JOSM-10-2020-0344","volume":"32","author":"B Nansubuga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nansubuga, B., Kowalkowski, C.: Carsharing: a systematic literature review and research agenda. J. Serv. Manag. 32, 55 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"19_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103902","volume":"145","author":"S Narayana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Narayana, S., Antoniou, C.: Shared mobility services towards mobility as a service (MaaS): what, who, and when. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 145, 103902 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2022.103902","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"19_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-010-9222-y","volume":"15","author":"G Norman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Norman, G.: Likert scales, levels of measurement and the \u201claws\u201d of statistics. Adv. Health Sci. Educ. 15(5), 625\u2013632 (2010)","journal-title":"Adv. Health Sci. Educ."},{"key":"19_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pawe\u0142oszek, I.: Towards a Smart City\u2014the study of car-sharing Services in Poland. Energies. 15(22) (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en15228459","DOI":"10.3390\/en15228459"},{"key":"19_CR23","volume-title":"Adapting User-Based Vehicle Relocation for E-Carsharing","author":"C Prinz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prinz, C., Lichtenberg, S., Brendel, A., Herrenkind, B., Kolbe, L.: Adapting User-Based Vehicle Relocation for E-Carsharing. (2020)"},{"key":"19_CR24","unstructured":"Reiffer, A., W\u00f6rle, T., Briem, L., Soylu, T., Kagerbauer, M., Vortisch, P.: Identifying Usage Profiles of Station-Based Car-Sharing Members Using Cluster Analyses. Transportation Research Board 98th Annual Meeting (2019). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/332013407"},{"key":"19_CR25","volume-title":"Shared Mobility: Current Practices and Guiding Principles","author":"S Shaheen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shaheen, S., Chan, N., Bansal, A.: Shared Mobility: Current Practices and Guiding Principles. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (2016)"},{"key":"19_CR26","first-page":"3","volume":"27","author":"J Sochor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sochor, J., Arby, H., Karlsson, M., Sarasini, S.: A topological approach to mobility as a service: a proposed tool for understanding requirements and effects, and for aiding the integration of societal goals. Res. Transp. Bus. Manag. 27, 3\u201314 (2018)","journal-title":"Res. Transp. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"19_CR27","volume-title":"Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting","author":"M Stiglic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stiglic, M., Agatz, N., Savelsbergh, M., Gradisar, M.: The benefits of meeting points in ride-sharing systems. In: Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting (2015)"},{"key":"19_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2021.05.008","volume":"149","author":"P Stokkink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stokkink, P., Geroliminis, N.: Predictive user-based relocation through incentives in one-way car-sharing systems. Transp. Res. B Methodol. 149, 230\u2013249 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2021.05.008","journal-title":"Transp. Res. B Methodol."},{"key":"19_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities6020038","volume":"6","author":"K Turo\u0144","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turo\u0144, K.: Car-sharing Systems in Smart Cities: a review of the Most important issues related to the functioning of the Systems in Light of the scientific research. Smart Cities. 6, 796\u2013808 (2023)","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"issue":"15","key":"19_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5580","DOI":"10.3390\/app10155134","volume":"10","author":"K Turo\u0144","year":"2020","unstructured":"Turo\u0144, K., Kubik, A.: Economic aspects of driving various types of vehicles in intelligent urban transport systems, including car-sharing services and autonomous vehicles. Appl. Sci. 10(15), 5580 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10155134","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"19_CR31","volume-title":"Python Data Science Handbook: Essential Tools for Working with Data","author":"J VanderPlas","year":"2016","unstructured":"VanderPlas, J.: Python Data Science Handbook: Essential Tools for Working with Data. O\"Reilly Media (2016)"},{"key":"19_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2023.103017","volume":"171","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, D., Liao, F.: Incentivized user-based relocation strategies for moderating supply\u2013demand dynamics in one-way car-sharing services. Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. 171, 103017 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2023.103017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev."},{"key":"19_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123731","volume":"372","author":"N Wiedemann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wiedemann, N., Xin, Y., Medici, V., Nespoli, L., Suel, E., Raubal, M.: Vehicle-to-grid for car sharing \u2013 a simulation study for 2030. Appl. Energy. 372, 123731 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123731","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Logistics","Dynamics in Logistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-19343-8_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:05:52Z","timestamp":1787151952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-19343-8_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032193421","9783032193438"],"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-19343-8_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-8917","2194-8925"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-8917","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-8925","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"LDIC","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Dynamics in Logistics","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Bremen","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25 February 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 February 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ldic2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.ldic-conference.org\/program\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}