{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:11:12Z","timestamp":1774311072284,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032213204","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032213211","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-21321-1_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:08:19Z","timestamp":1774264099000},"page":"19-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economic Perspectives on\u00a0Fairness in\u00a0Information Retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3070-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0944-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9868-6578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanna","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4911-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleen","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7170-111X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-0202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"de Rijke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-019-09256-1","volume":"30","author":"H Abdollahpouri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdollahpouri, H., et al.: Multistakeholder recommendation: survey and research directions. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 30(1), 127\u2013158 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11257-019-09256-1","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adap. Inter."},{"key":"3_CR2","unstructured":"Ben-Porat, O., Tennenholtz, M.: A game-theoretic approach to recommendation systems with strategic content providers. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 31 (2018)"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biega, A.J., Gummadi, K.P., Weikum, G.: Equity of attention: amortizing individual fairness in rankings. In: The 41st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 405\u2013414 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3209978.3210063"},{"key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvano, E., Calzolari, G., Denicolo, V., et\u00a0al.: Economics of recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys \u201924, pp. 1279\u20131280 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3640457.3687093"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, S., Xu, C., Xu, S., et\u00a0al.: Bias and unfairness in information retrieval systems: new challenges in the LLM era. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 6437\u20136447 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3637528.3671458"},{"key":"3_CR6","first-page":"8596","volume":"34","author":"V Do","year":"2021","unstructured":"Do, V., Corbett-Davies, S., Atif, J., et al.: Two-sided fairness in rankings via lorenz dominance. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 34, 8596\u20138608 (2021)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, V., Usunier, N.: Optimizing generalized gini indices for fairness in rankings. In: Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 737\u2013747 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3477495.3532035"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ekstrand, M.D.: Fairness in information access conceptual foundations and new directions. In: Advances in Information Retrieval: 47th European Conference on Information Retrieval, Part V, pp. 262\u2013265. Springer, Heidelberg (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-88720-8_41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-88720-8_41"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekstrand, M.D., Burke, R., Diaz, F.: Fairness and discrimination in retrieval and recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1403\u20131404 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331380"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, Y., Liu, H., Tao, Z., et\u00a0al.: Fairness of machine learning in search engines. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management, pp. 5132\u20135135 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3511808.3557501"},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000101","volume":"18","author":"Y Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang, Y., Singh, A., Tao, Z., et al.: Fairness in search systems. Found. Trends Inf. Retr. 18(3), 262\u2013416 (2024)","journal-title":"Found. Trends Inf. Retr."},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, R., Shah, C.: Counteracting bias and increasing fairness in search and recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 745\u2013747 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3383313.3411545"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, Y., Liu, S., Gao, R., Xian, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, X., et\u00a0al.: Towards long-term fairness in recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, pp. 445\u2013453 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3437963.3441824"},{"key":"3_CR14","unstructured":"Grandell, J.: Aspects of Risk Theory. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)"},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, H., Sun, Z., Wang, D., et\u00a0al.: Enhancing new-item fairness in dynamic recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1707\u20131716 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3726302.3729969"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Henzinger, T.A., Kueffner, K., et\u00a0al.: Monitoring robustness and individual fairness. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, vol. 2, pp. 790\u2013801 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3711896.3737054"},{"issue":"4","key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1944339.1944341","volume":"10","author":"N Hurley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hurley, N., Zhang, M.: Novelty and diversity in top-n recommendation-analysis and evaluation. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. 10(4), 1\u201330 (2011)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Internet Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"L Hurwicz","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hurwicz, L.: The design of mechanisms for resource allocation. Am. Econ. Rev. 63(2), 1\u201330 (1973)","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Chen, H., Fu, Z., et\u00a0al.: User-oriented fairness in recommendation. In: Proceedings of the Web Conference, pp. 624\u2013632 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449866"},{"issue":"5","key":"3_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Y., et al.: Fairness in recommendation: foundations, methods, and applications. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 14(5), 1\u201348 (2023)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Chen, H., Xu, S., Ge, Y., Zhang, Y.: Towards personalized fairness based on causal notion. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1054\u20131063 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462966"},{"key":"3_CR22","unstructured":"Li, Y., Du, M., Song, R., Wang, X., Wang, Y.: A survey on fairness in large language models. arXiv peprint arXiv:2308.10149 (2023)"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Ge, Y., Zhang, Y.: Tutorial on fairness of machine learning in recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 2654\u20132657 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462814"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naghiaei, M., Rahmani, H.A., Deldjoo, Y.: Cpfair: personalized consumer and producer fairness re-ranking for recommender systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.08085 (2022)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpa.2022.100382"},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owen, G.: Game Theory. Emerald Group Publishing (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-373932-2.00178-2"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patro, G.K., Biswas, A., Ganguly, N., et\u00a0al.: FairRec: two-sided fairness for personalized recommendations in two-sided platforms. In: Proceedings of the Web Conference, pp. 1194\u20131204 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380196"},{"issue":"145","key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2307\/2222721","volume":"37","author":"FP Ramsey","year":"1927","unstructured":"Ramsey, F.P.: A contribution to the theory of taxation. Econ. J. 37(145), 47\u201361 (1927)","journal-title":"Econ. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2307\/2182612","volume":"67","author":"J Rawls","year":"1958","unstructured":"Rawls, J.: Justice as fairness. Phil. Rev. 67(2), 164\u2013194 (1958)","journal-title":"Phil. Rev."},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rus, C., Yates, A., de\u00a0Rijke, M.: A study of pre-processing fairness intervention methods for ranking people. In: European Conference on Information Retrieval, pp. 336\u2013350. Springer, Heidelberg (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-56066-8_26","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-56066-8_26"},{"key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saito, Y., Joachims, T.: Fair ranking as fair division: impact-based individual fairness in ranking. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 1514\u20131524 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3534678.3539353"},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3632297","volume":"2","author":"J Stray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stray, J., Halevy, A., Assar, P., et al.: Building human values into recommender systems: an interdisciplinary synthesis. ACM Trans. Recommend. Syst. 2(3), 1\u201357 (2024)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Recommend. Syst."},{"key":"3_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Joachims, T.: User fairness, item fairness, and diversity for rankings in two-sided markets. In: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval, pp. 23\u201341 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3471158.3472260"},{"key":"3_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Chen, S., Xu, J., et\u00a0al.: P-MMF: provider max-min fairness re-ranking in recommender system. In: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023, pp. 3701\u20133711 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3543507.3583296"},{"key":"3_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Deng, Z., Rus, C., et\u00a0al.: FairDiverse: a comprehensive toolkit for fair and diverse information retrieval algorithms (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3726302.3730280"},{"key":"3_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Xu, J., Ding, Y., et\u00a0al.: FairSync: ensuring amortized group exposure in distributed recommendation retrieval. In: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW \u201924, pp. 1092\u20131102 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3645413"},{"key":"3_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Ye, X., Wang, W., et\u00a0al.: A taxation perspective for fair re-ranking. In: Proceedings of the 47th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1494\u20131503 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3626772.3657766"},{"key":"3_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Ye, X., Xu, J., et\u00a0al.: LTP-MMF: towards long-term provider max-min fairness under recommendation feedback loops. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.05902 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3695867"},{"key":"3_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C., Zhao, J., Wang, W., et\u00a0al.: Understanding accuracy-fairness trade-offs in re-ranking through elasticity in economics. In: Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 539\u2013548 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3726302.3730106"},{"issue":"6","key":"3_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"M Zehlike","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zehlike, M., Yang, K., Stoyanovich, J.: Fairness in ranking, part ii: learning-to-rank and recommender systems. ACM Comput. Surv. 55(6), 1\u201341 (2022)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"3_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Z., He, Y., Zhao, X., et\u00a0al.: Popularity bias in dynamic recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, pp. 2439\u20132449 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3447548.3467376"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-21321-1_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T23:17:31Z","timestamp":1774307851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-21321-1_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032213204","9783032213211"],"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-21321-1_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"ECIR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Information Retrieval","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Delft","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The Netherlands","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"29 March 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"48","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ecir2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/ecir2026.eu\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}