{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T23:13:06Z","timestamp":1783552386328,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032222848","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032222855","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-22285-5_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:12:58Z","timestamp":1783548778000},"page":"141-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanics of Plaque Rupture and Cardiovascular Calcification"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90282-T","volume":"15","author":"AS Agatston","year":"1990","unstructured":"Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M, Detrano R (1990) Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 15(4):827\u2013832","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-10-25","volume":"10","author":"AC Akyildiz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akyildiz AC, Speelman L, van Brummelen H, Gutierrez MA, Virmani R, van der Lugt A, van der Steen AF, Wentzel JJ, Gijsen FJ (2011) Effects of intima stiffness and plaque morphology on peak cap stress. Biomed Eng Online 10:25","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.03.005","volume":"87","author":"HE Barrett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barrett HE, Van der Heiden K, Farrell E, Gijsen FJH, Akyildiz AC (2019) Calcifications in atherosclerotic plaques and impact on plaque biomechanics. J Biomech 87:1\u201312","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000033517.48444.1A","volume":"22","author":"JJ Boyle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boyle JJ, Weissberg PL, Bennett MR (2002) Human macrophage-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis requires NO enhancement of Fas\/Fas-L interactions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22(10):1624\u20131630","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199705013361802","volume":"336","author":"AP Burke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang YH, Smialek J, Virmani R (1997) Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med 336(18):1276\u20131282","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00002026","volume":"26","author":"AP Burke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burke AP, Weber DK, Kolodgie FD, Farb A, Taylor AJ, Virmani R (2001) Pathophysiology of calcium deposition in coronary arteries. Herz 26(4):239\u2013244","journal-title":"Herz"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(92)90039-J","volume":"96","author":"MC Burleigh","year":"1992","unstructured":"Burleigh MC, Briggs AD, Lendon CL, Davies MJ, Born GV, Richardson PD (1992) Collagen types I and III, collagen content, GAGs and mechanical strength of human atherosclerotic plaque caps: span-wise variations. Atherosclerosis 96(1):71\u201381","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0855-x","volume":"42","author":"L Cardoso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cardoso L, Weinbaum S (2014) Changing views of the biomechanics of vulnerable plaque rupture: a review. Ann Biomed Eng 42(2):415\u2013431","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"7_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96445-4_7","volume":"1097","author":"L Cardoso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cardoso L, Weinbaum S (2018) Microcalcifications, their genesis, growth, and biomechanical stability in fibrous cap rupture. Adv Exp Med Biol 1097:129\u2013155","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.01.010","volume":"47","author":"L Cardoso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cardoso L, Kelly-Arnold A, Maldonado N, Laudier D, Weinbaum S (2014) Effect of tissue properties, shape and orientation of microcalcifications on vulnerable cap stability using different hyperelastic constitutive models. J Biomech 47(4):870\u2013877","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"8","key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew134","volume":"18","author":"YS Chatzizisis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chatzizisis YS, Toutouzas K, Giannopoulos AA, Riga M, Antoniadis AP, Fujinom Y, Mitsouras D, Koutkias VG, Cheimariotis G, Doulaverakis C, Tsampoulatidis I, Chouvarda I, Kompatsiaris I, Nakamura S, Rybicki FJ, Maglaveras N, Tousoulis D, Giannoglou GD (2017) Association of global and local low endothelial shear stress with high-risk plaque using intracoronary 3D optical coherence tomography: introduction of \u2018shear stress score\u2019. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 18(8):888\u2013897","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.4.1179","volume":"87","author":"GC Cheng","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cheng GC, Loree HM, Kamm RD, Fishbein MC, Lee RT (1993) Distribution of circumferential stress in ruptured and stable atherosclerotic lesions. A structural analysis with histopathological correlation. Circulation 87(4):1179\u20131187","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"7_CR13","first-page":"3792","volume":"2010","author":"E Claes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Claes E, Atienza JM, Guinea GV, Rojo FJ, Bernal JM, Revuelta JM, Elices M (2010) Mechanical properties of human coronary arteries. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010:3792\u20133795","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.175976","volume":"102","author":"MC Clarke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clarke MC, Littlewood TD, Figg N, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP, Goddard M, Bennett MR (2008) Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration. Circ Res 102(12):1529\u20131538","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.049","volume":"232","author":"MT Corban","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corban MT, Eshtehardi P, Suo J, McDaniel MC, Timmins LH, Rassoul-Arzrumly E, Maynard C, Mekonnen G, King S, Quyyumi AA, Giddens DP, Samady H (2014) Combination of plaque burden, wall shear stress, and plaque phenotype has incremental value for prediction of coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability. Atherosclerosis 232(2):271\u2013276","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohx.2022.e00333","volume":"12","author":"A Corti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corti A, Shameen T, Sharma S, De Paolis A, Cardoso L (2022a) Biaxial testing system for characterization of mechanical and rupture properties of small samples. HardwareX 12:e00333","journal-title":"HardwareX"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"055022","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ac82f6","volume":"8","author":"A Corti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corti A, Shameen T, Sharma S, De Paolis A, Cardoso L (2022b) Tunable elastomer materials with vascular tissue-like rupture mechanics behavior. Biomed Phys Eng Express 8(5):055022","journal-title":"Biomed Phys Eng Express"},{"key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.105749","volume":"141","author":"A Corti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corti A, Khalil D, De Paolis A, Cardoso L (2023) Size and proximity of micro-scale hard-inclusions increase the risk of rupture in fibroatheroma-like laboratory models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 141:105749","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crielaard H, Guvenir Torun S, Wissing TB, de Miguel Mu\u00f1oz P, Kremers GJ, Gijsen FJH, Van Der Heiden K, Akyildiz AC (2022) A method to study the correlation between local collagen structure and mechanical properties of atherosclerotic plaque fibrous tissue. J Vis Exp 189","DOI":"10.3791\/64334"},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107139","volume":"171","author":"H Crielaard","year":"2025","unstructured":"Crielaard H, Jansen I, van der Heiden K, Kremers GJ, Gijsen FJH, Farrell E, Akyildiz AC (2025) The effect of presence and location of microcalcifications on atherosclerotic plaque rupture: a tissue-engineering approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 171:107139","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"1072","key":"7_CR21","first-page":"225","volume":"294","author":"MJ Davies","year":"1981","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Thomas T (1981) The pathological basis and microanatomy of occlusive thrombus formation in human coronary arteries. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 294(1072):225\u2013229","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt101","volume":"99","author":"PF Davies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davies PF, Civelek M, Fang Y, Fleming I (2013) The atherosusceptible endothelium: endothelial phenotypes in complex haemodynamic shear stress regions in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 99(2):315\u2013327","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2014.05.007","volume":"62","author":"PF Davies","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davies PF, Manduchi E, Stoeckert CJ, Jim\u00e9nez JM, Jiang YZ (2014) Emerging topic: flow-related epigenetic regulation of endothelial phenotype through DNA methylation. Vasc Pharmacol 62(2):88\u201393","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302070","volume":"34","author":"LL Demer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demer LL, Tintut Y (2014) Inflammatory, metabolic, and genetic mechanisms of vascular calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34(4):715\u2013723","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-016-1055-1","volume":"33","author":"P Eshtehardi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eshtehardi P, Brown AJ, Bhargava A, Costopoulos C, Hung OY, Corban MT, Hosseini H, Gogas BD, Giddens DP, Samady H (2017) High wall shear stress and high-risk plaque: an emerging concept. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 33(7):1089\u20131099","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200402000-00003","volume":"15","author":"G Finet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Finet G, Ohayon J, Rioufol G (2004) Biomechanical interaction between cap thickness, lipid core composition and blood pressure in vulnerable coronary plaque: impact on stability or instability. Coron Artery Dis 15(1):13\u201320","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"issue":"41","key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz551","volume":"40","author":"F Gijsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gijsen F, Katagiri Y, Barlis P, Bourantas C, Collet C, Coskun U, Daemen J, Dijkstra J, Edelman E, Evans P, van der Heiden K, Hose R, Koo BK, Krams R, Marsden A, Migliavacca F, Onuma Y, Ooi A, Poon E et al (2019) Expert recommendations on the assessment of wall shear stress in human coronary arteries: existing methodologies, technical considerations, and clinical applications. Eur Heart J 40(41):3421\u20133433","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.3038038","volume":"68","author":"FJH Gijsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gijsen FJH, Vis B, Barrett HE, Zadpoor AA, Verhagen HJ, Bos D, van der Steen AFW, Akyildiz AC (2021) Morphometric and mechanical analyses of calcifications and fibrous plaque tissue in carotid arteries for plaque rupture risk assessment. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 68(4):1429\u20131438","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-010-0230-z","volume":"33","author":"EE Golub","year":"2011","unstructured":"Golub EE (2011) Biomineralization and matrix vesicles in biology and pathology. Semin Immunopathol 33(5):409\u2013417","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1800557","volume":"126","author":"GA Holzapfel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holzapfel GA, Sommer G, Regitnig P (2004) Anisotropic mechanical properties of tissue components in human atherosclerotic plaques. J Biomech Eng 126(5):657\u2013665","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2048","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00934.2004","volume":"289","author":"GA Holzapfel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holzapfel GA, Sommer G, Gasser CT, Regitnig P (2005) Determination of layer-specific mechanical properties of human coronary arteries with nonatherosclerotic intimal thickening and related constitutive modeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289(5):H2048\u2013H2058","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.8.1051","volume":"103","author":"H Huang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huang H, Virmani R, Younis H, Burke AP, Kamm RD, Lee RT (2001) The impact of calcification on the biomechanical stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation 103(8):1051\u20131056","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000105","volume":"25","author":"JD Hutcheson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutcheson JD, Maldonado N, Aikawa E (2014) Small entities with large impact: microcalcifications and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Curr Opin Lipidol 25(5):327\u2013332","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4519","volume":"15","author":"JD Hutcheson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hutcheson JD, Goettsch C, Bertazzo S, Maldonado N, Ruiz JL, Goh W, Yabusaki K, Faits T, Bouten C, Franck G, Quillard T, Libby P, Aikawa M, Weinbaum S, Aikawa E (2016) Genesis and growth of extracellular-vesicle-derived microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaques. Nat Mater 15(3):335\u2013343","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0168087","volume":"7","author":"I Jansen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jansen I, Crielaard H, Wissing T, Bouten C, Gijsen F, Akyildiz AC, Farrell E, van der Heiden K (2023) A tissue-engineered model of the atherosclerotic plaque cap: toward understanding the role of microcalcifications in plaque rupture. APL Bioeng 7(3):036120","journal-title":"APL Bioeng"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-024-01033-5","volume":"119","author":"I Jansen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jansen I, Cahalane R, Hengst R, Akyildiz A, Farrell E, Gijsen F, Aikawa E, van der Heiden K, Wissing T (2024) The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics. Basic Res Cardiol 119(2):193\u2013213","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202500106","volume":"9","author":"IL Jansen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jansen IL, \u015eahin D, Gijsen FJH, Farrell E, van der Heiden K (2025a) Modelling atherosclerotic plaque cap mechanics: microcalcifications reduce mechanical properties in mesenchymal stromal cell-based model. Adv Biol (Weinh) 9(10):e00106","journal-title":"Adv Biol (Weinh)"},{"key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629285","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1629285","volume":"12","author":"IL Jansen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jansen IL, \u0218ahin D, Gijsen FJH, Farrell E, van der Heiden K (2025b) Investigating the impact of microcalcification size and volume on collagenous matrix and tissue mechanics using a tissue-engineered atherosclerotic cap model. Front Cardiovasc Med 12:1629285","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"9918","key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61754-7","volume":"383","author":"NV Joshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi NV, Vesey AT, Williams MC, Shah AS, Calvert PA, Craighead FH, Yeoh SE, Wallace W, Salter D, Fletcher AM, van Beek EJ, Flapan AD, Uren NG, Behan MW, Cruden NL, Mills NL, Fox KA, Rudd JH, Dweck MR, Newby DE (2014) 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography for identification of ruptured and high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a prospective clinical trial. Lancet 383(9918):705\u2013713","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"26","key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10741","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308814110","volume":"110","author":"A Kelly-Arnold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly-Arnold A, Maldonado N, Laudier D, Aikawa E, Cardoso L, Weinbaum S (2013) Revised microcalcification hypothesis for fibrous cap rupture in human coronary arteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(26):10741\u201310746","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"24","key":"7_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035655","volume":"349","author":"FD Kolodgie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kolodgie FD, Gold HK, Burke AP, Fowler DR, Kruth HS, Weber DK, Farb A, Guerrero LJ, Hayase M, Kutys R, Narula J, Finn AV, Virmani R (2003) Intraplaque hemorrhage and progression of coronary atheroma. N Engl J Med 349(24):2316\u20132325","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.075","volume":"72","author":"A Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar A, Thompson EW, Lefieux A, Molony DS, Davis EL, Chand N, Fournier S, Lee HS, Suh J, Sato K, Ko YA, Molloy D, Chandran K, Hosseini H, Gupta S, Milkas A, Gogas B, Chang HJ, Min JK et al (2018) High coronary shear stress in patients with coronary artery disease predicts myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 72(16):1926\u20131935","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"43","key":"7_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu353","volume":"35","author":"BR Kwak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kwak BR, B\u00e4ck M, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Caligiuri G, Daemen MJ, Davies PF, Hoefer IE, Holvoet P, Jo H, Krams R, Lehoux S, Monaco C, Steffens S, Virmani R, Weber C, Wentzel JJ, Evans PC (2014) Biomechanical factors in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and clinical implications. Eur Heart J 35(43):3013\u20133020. 3020a\u20133020d","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(91)90235-U","volume":"87","author":"CL Lendon","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lendon CL, Davies MJ, Born GV, Richardson PD (1991) Atherosclerotic plaque caps are locally weakened when macrophages density is increased. Atherosclerosis 87(1):87\u201390","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(93)90089-H","volume":"15","author":"CL Lendon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lendon CL, Davies MJ, Richardson PD, Born GVR (1993) Testing of small connective-tissue specimens for the determination of the mechanical-behavior of atherosclerotic plaques. J Biomed Eng 15(1):27\u201333","journal-title":"J Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2014.10.021","volume":"25","author":"JA Leopold","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leopold JA (2015) Vascular calcification: mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Trends Cardiovasc Med 25(4):267\u2013274","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"7_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.825622","volume":"10","author":"T Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li T, Yu H, Zhang D, Feng T, Miao M, Li J, Liu X (2022) Matrix vesicles as a therapeutic target for vascular calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 10:825622","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104353","volume":"105","author":"P Libby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A (2002) Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 105(9):1135\u20131143","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.71.4.850","volume":"71","author":"HM Loree","year":"1992","unstructured":"Loree HM, Kamm RD, Stringfellow RG, Lee RT (1992) Effects of fibrous cap thickness on peak circumferential stress in model atherosclerotic vessels. Circ Res 71(4):850\u2013858","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90209-7","volume":"27","author":"HM Loree","year":"1994","unstructured":"Loree HM, Grodzinsky AJ, Park SY, Gibson LJ, Lee RT (1994) Static circumferential tangential modulus of human atherosclerotic tissue. J Biomech 27(2):195\u2013204","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02047-8","volume":"40","author":"A Maehara","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maehara A, Mintz GS, Bui AB, Walter OR, Castagna MT, Canos D, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Waksman R, Suddath WO, Laird JR Jr, Kent KM, Weissman NJ (2002) Morphologic and angiographic features of coronary plaque rupture detected by intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 40(5):904\u2013910","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoudi M, Farghadan A, McConnell DR, Barker AJ, Wentzel JJ, Budoff MJ, Arzani A (2021) The story of wall shear stress in coronary artery atherosclerosis: biochemical transport and Mechanotransduction. J Biomech Eng 143(4)","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4049026"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H619","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00036.2012","volume":"303","author":"N Maldonado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maldonado N, Kelly-Arnold A, Vengrenyuk Y, Laudier D, Fallon JT, Virmani R, Cardoso L, Weinbaum S (2012) A mechanistic analysis of the role of microcalcifications in atherosclerotic plaque stability: potential implications for plaque rupture. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 303(5):H619\u2013H628","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.10.040","volume":"46","author":"N Maldonado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maldonado N, Kelly-Arnold A, Cardoso L, Weinbaum S (2013) The explosive growth of small voids in vulnerable cap rupture; cavitation and interfacial debonding. J Biomech 46(2):396\u2013401","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0650-x","volume":"31","author":"N Maldonado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maldonado N, Kelly-Arnold A, Laudier D, Weinbaum S, Cardoso L (2015) Imaging and analysis of microcalcifications and lipid\/necrotic core calcification in fibrous cap atheroma. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 31(5):1079\u20131087","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.010","volume":"229","author":"A Mauriello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mauriello A, Servadei F, Zoccai GB, Giacobbi E, Anemona L, Bonanno E, Casella S (2013) Coronary calcification identifies the vulnerable patient rather than the vulnerable plaque. Atherosclerosis 229(1):124\u2013129","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"7_CR1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moerman AM, S Korteland, K Dilba, K van Gaalen, DHJ Poot, A van Der Lugt, HJM Verhagen, JJ Wentzel, AFW van Der Steen, FJH Gijsen and K Van der Heiden (2021). The Correlation Between Wall Shear Stress and Plaque Composition in Advanced Human Carotid Atherosclerosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9: 828577","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.828577"},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01389-y","volume":"34","author":"N Murata","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murata N, Hiro T, Takayama T, Migita S, Morikawa T, Tamaki T, Mineki T, Kojima K, Akutsu N, Sudo M, Kitano D, Fukamachi D, Hirayama A, Okumura Y (2019) High shear stress on the coronary arterial wall is related to computed tomography-derived high-risk plaque: a three-dimensional computed tomography and color-coded tissue-characterizing intravascular ultrasonography study. Heart Vessel 34(9):1429\u20131439","journal-title":"Heart Vessel"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H717","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00005.2008","volume":"295","author":"J Ohayon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohayon J, Finet G, Gharib AM, Herzka DA, Tracqui P, Heroux J, Rioufol G, Kotys MS, Elagha A, Pettigrew RI (2008) Necrotic core thickness and positive arterial remodeling index: emergent biomechanical factors for evaluating the risk of plaque rupture. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295(2):H717\u2013H727","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244015","volume":"15","author":"N Okamoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okamoto N, Vengrenyuk Y, Fuster V, Samady H, Yasumura K, Baber U, Barman N, Suleman J, Sweeny J, Krishnan P, Mehran R, Sharma SK, Narula J, Kini AS (2020) Relationship between high shear stress and OCT-verified thin-cap fibroatheroma in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 15(12):e0244015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065657","volume":"149","author":"C Onnis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Onnis C, Virmani R, Kawai K, Nardi V, Lerman A, Cademartiri F, Scicolone R, Boi A, Congiu T, Faa G, Libby P, Saba L (2024) Coronary artery calcification: current concepts and clinical implications. Circulation 149(3):251\u2013266","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302642","volume":"34","author":"F Otsuka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Otsuka F, Sakakura K, Yahagi K, Joner M, Virmani R (2014) Has our understanding of calcification in human coronary atherosclerosis progressed? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34(4):724\u2013736","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2017.04.003","volume":"110","author":"L Panh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Panh L, Lairez O, Ruidavets JB, Galinier M, Carri\u00e9 D, Ferri\u00e8res J (2017) Coronary artery calcification: from crystal to plaque rupture. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 110(10):550\u2013561","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt044","volume":"99","author":"V Peiffer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peiffer V, Sherwin SJ, Weinberg PD (2013) Does low and oscillatory wall shear stress correlate spatially with early atherosclerosis? A systematic review. Cardiovasc Res 99(2):242\u2013250","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.11.1055","volume":"87","author":"D Proudfoot","year":"2000","unstructured":"Proudfoot D, Skepper JN, Hegyi L, Bennett MR, Shanahan CM, Weissberg PL (2000) Apoptosis regulates human vascular calcification in vitro: evidence for initiation of vascular calcification by apoptotic bodies. Circ Res 87(11):1055\u20131062","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"8669","key":"7_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90953-7","volume":"2","author":"PD Richardson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Richardson PD, Davies MJ, Born GV (1989) Influence of plaque configuration and stress distribution on fissuring of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Lancet 2(8669):941\u2013944","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271339","volume":"594","author":"JL Ruiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruiz JL, Weinbaum S, Aikawa E, Hutcheson JD (2016) Zooming in on the genesis of atherosclerotic plaque microcalcifications. J Physiol 594(11):2915\u20132927","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.021824","volume":"124","author":"H Samady","year":"2011","unstructured":"Samady H, Eshtehardi P, McDaniel MC, Suo J, Dhawan SS, Maynard C, Timmins LH, Quyyumi AA, Giddens DP (2011) Coronary artery wall shear stress is associated with progression and transformation of atherosclerotic plaque and arterial remodeling in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 124(7):779\u2013788","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00443-9","volume":"31","author":"G Sangiorgi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sangiorgi G, Rumberger JA, Severson A, Edwards WD, Gregoire J, Fitzpatrick LA, Schwartz RS (1998) Arterial calcification and not lumen stenosis is highly correlated with atherosclerotic plaque burden in humans: a histologic study of 723 coronary artery segments using nondecalcifying methodology. J Am Coll Cardiol 31(1):126\u2013133","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000166517.18801.a7","volume":"25","author":"DM Schrijvers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schrijvers DM, De Meyer GR, Kockx MM, Herman AG, Martinet W (2005) Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages is impaired in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25(6):1256\u20131261","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"23","key":"7_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.782540","volume":"118","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanaka A, Imanishi T, Kitabata H, Kubo T, Takarada S, Tanimoto T, Kuroi A, Tsujioka H, Ikejima H, Ueno S, Kataiwa H, Okouchi K, Kashiwaghi M, Matsumoto H, Takemoto K, Nakamura N, Hirata K, Mizukoshi M, Akasaka T (2008) Morphology of exertion-triggered plaque rupture in patients with acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study. Circulation 118(23):2368\u20132373","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-8267-1","volume":"33","author":"D Tang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tang D, Yang C, Zheng J, Woodard PK, Saffitz JE, Petruccelli JD, Sicard GA, Yuan C (2005) Local maximal stress hypothesis and computational plaque vulnerability index for atherosclerotic plaque assessment. Ann Biomed Eng 33(12):1789\u20131801","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.076","volume":"48","author":"A Tawakol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tawakol A, Migrino RQ, Bashian GG, Bedri S, Vermylen D, Cury RC, Yates D, LaMuraglia GM, Furie K, Houser S, Gewirtz H, Muller JE, Brady TJ, Fischman AJ (2006) In vivo 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging provides a noninvasive measure of carotid plaque inflammation in patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 48(9):1818\u20131824","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"127","key":"7_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160972","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2016.0972","volume":"14","author":"LH Timmins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Timmins LH, Molony DS, Eshtehardi P, McDaniel MC, Oshinski JN, Giddens DP, Samady H (2017) Oscillatory wall shear stress is a dominant flow characteristic affecting lesion progression patterns and plaque vulnerability in patients with coronary artery disease. J R Soc Interface 14(127):20160972","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"40","key":"7_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606310103","volume":"103","author":"Y Vengrenyuk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vengrenyuk Y, Carlier S, Xanthos S, Cardoso L, Ganatos P, Virmani R, Einav S, Gilchrist L, Weinbaum S (2006) A hypothesis for vulnerable plaque rupture due to stress-induced debonding around cellular microcalcifications in thin fibrous caps. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(40):14678\u201314683","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR75","first-page":"37","volume":"5","author":"Y Vengrenyuk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vengrenyuk Y, Cardoso L, Weinbaum S (2008) Micro-CT based analysis of a new paradigm for vulnerable plaque rupture: cellular microcalcifications in fibrous caps. Mol Cell Biomech 5(1):37\u201347","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0854.2003.8042.x","volume":"16","author":"R Virmani","year":"2003","unstructured":"Virmani R, Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A (2003) Pathology of the thin-cap fibroatheroma: a type of vulnerable plaque. J Interv Cardiol 16(3):267\u2013272","journal-title":"J Interv Cardiol"},{"key":"7_CR77","volume-title":"The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: strategies for diagnosis and management","author":"R Virmani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Virmani, R., J. Narula, M. Leon and J. T. E. Willerson (2007). \"The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: strategies for diagnosis and management\" Malden: Blackwell"},{"key":"7_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-7","volume":"12","author":"KK Wong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wong KK, Thavornpattanapong P, Cheung SC, Sun Z, Tu J (2012) Effect of calcification on the mechanical stability of plaque based on a three-dimensional carotid bifurcation model. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 12:7","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2502049","volume":"25","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Song Y, Mu X (2024) The role of fluid mechanics in coronary atherosclerotic plaques: an up-to-date review. Rev Cardiovasc Med 25(2):49","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"7_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37727","volume":"10","author":"Y Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Y, Cai Y, Yang F, Yang Y, Cui Z, Shi D, Bai R (2024) Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in atherosclerosis. Heliyon 10(18):e37727","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"7_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083547","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1083547","volume":"10","author":"M Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou M, Yu Y, Chen R, Liu X, Hu Y, Ma Z, Gao L, Jian W, Wang L (2023) Wall shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 10:1083547","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering of the Vascular System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22285-5_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:13:00Z","timestamp":1783548780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22285-5_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032222848","9783032222855"],"references-count":82,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22285-5_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2598","type":"print"},{"value":"2214-8019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}