{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T23:00:52Z","timestamp":1775084452589,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032223746","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032223753","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scrum is widely adopted in software project management due to its adaptability and collaborative nature. The recent emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has created new opportunities to support knowledge-intensive Scrum practices. However, existing research has largely focused on technical activities such as coding and testing, with limited evidence on the use of LLMs in management-related Scrum activities. In this study, we investigate the use of LLMs in Scrum management activities through a survey of 70 Brazilian professionals. Among them, 49 actively use Scrum, and 33 reported using LLM-based assistants in their Scrum practices. The results indicate a high level of proficiency and frequent use of LLMs, with 85% of respondents reporting intermediate or advanced proficiency and 52% using them daily. LLM use concentrates on exploring Scrum practices, with artifacts and events receiving targeted yet uneven support, whereas broader management tasks appear to be adopted more cautiously. The main benefits include increased productivity (78%) and reduced manual effort (75%). However, several critical risks remain, as respondents report \u2018almost correct\u2019 outputs (81%), confidentiality concerns (63%), and hallucinations during use (59%). This work provides one of the first empirical characterizations of LLM use in Scrum management, identifying current practices, quantifying benefits and risks, and outlining directions for responsible adoption and integration in Agile environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_16","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:16:04Z","timestamp":1774930564000},"page":"255-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adoption of\u00a0Large Language Models in\u00a0Scrum Management: Insights from\u00a0Brazilian Practitioners"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9433-4962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Perkusich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danyllo","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2108-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allysson Allex","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1775-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5562-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Gheyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1445-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Kalinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7377-1258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Perkusich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"16_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, N.S., Behera, R.K.: Harnessing the power of large language models for effective query resolution and document summarization. 2024 6th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks (CINE) pp.\u00a01\u20136 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CINE63708.2024.10881793"},{"issue":"7","key":"16_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10208-4","volume":"27","author":"A Alami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alami, A., Krancher, O.: How scrum adds value to achieving software quality? Empir. Softw. Eng. 27(7), 165 (2022)","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"16_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, C., Grundy, J., Abdelrazek, M.: Advancing requirements engineering through generative ai: Assessing the role of llms. In: Generative AI for Effective Software Development, pp. 129\u2013148. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55642-5_6"},{"key":"16_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arulmohan, S., et\u00a0al.: Extracting domain models from textual requirements in the era of large language models. International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C) pp. 580\u2013587 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/MODELS-C59198.2023.00096"},{"key":"16_CR5","unstructured":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira das Empresas de Software (ABES): Mercado brasileiro de software: panorama e tend\u00eancias 2025. Relat\u00f3rio T\u00e9cnico (2025)"},{"key":"16_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brachman, M., El-Ashry, A., Dugan, C., Geyer, W.: How knowledge workers use and want to use llms in an enterprise context. In: Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. p.\u00a0189. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3650841"},{"issue":"1","key":"16_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2021.10.004","volume":"40","author":"R Burga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burga, R., et al.: Examining the transition to agile practices with information technology projects: Agile teams and their experience of accountability. Int. J. Project Manage. 40(1), 76\u201387 (2022)","journal-title":"Int. J. Project Manage."},{"key":"16_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakrabarty, T., Padmakumar, V., Brahman, F., Muresan, S.: Creativity support in the age of large language models: An empirical study involving professional writers. Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Creativity & Cognition pp. 132\u2013155 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3635636.3656201"},{"key":"16_CR9","unstructured":"Couder, J., Ochoa, O.: Large language models, the new scrum masters (2024)"},{"key":"16_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhruva, G., et\u00a0al.: Agile project management using large language models. In: 2024 5th International Conference on Innovative Trends in Information Technology (ICITIIT). pp.\u00a01\u20136. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITIIT61487.2024.10580873"},{"key":"16_CR11","unstructured":"Digital.ai: 18th annual state of agile report: The adaptation era (2025), https:\/\/digital.ai\/resource-center\/analyst-reports\/18th-state-of-agile-report\/, accessed: 2025-11-21"},{"key":"16_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dillman, D.A., Smyth, J.D., Christian, L.M.: Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method. Indianapolis, Indiana 17 (2014)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394260645"},{"key":"16_CR13","unstructured":"Eigner, E., H\u00e4ndler, T.: Determinants of llm-assisted decision-making. ArXiv abs\/2402.17385 (2024)"},{"issue":"6","key":"16_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"L Fan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan, L., et al.: Exploring the capabilities of llms for code-change-related tasks. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 34(6), 1\u201336 (2025)","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"16_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2008.11645300","volume":"49","author":"DJ Fernandez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fernandez, D.J., Fernandez, J.D.: Agile project management \u2013agilism versus traditional approaches. Journal of Computer Information Systems 49, 10\u201317 (2008)","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Information Systems"},{"key":"16_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontana, R.M., Wojciechowski, J., Monta\u00f1o, R.A.N.R., Marczak, S., Reinehr, S.S., Malucelli, A.: A countrywide descriptive survey of agile software development in brazil. In: XP. pp. 185\u2013202 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08169-9_12"},{"key":"16_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, C., et\u00a0al.: The Current Challenges of Software Engineering in the Era of Large Language Models. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 34(5), 1\u201330 (may 27 2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3712005"},{"issue":"1","key":"16_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3469888","volume":"31","author":"D Graziotin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graziotin, D., Lenberg, P., Feldt, R., Wagner, S.: Psychometrics in behavioral software engineering: A methodological introduction with guidelines. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 31(1), 1\u201336 (2021)","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)"},{"issue":"8","key":"16_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3695988","volume":"33","author":"X Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou, X., et al.: Large language models for software engineering: A systematic literature review. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 33(8), 1\u201379 (2024)","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"16_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Niu, F., Chen, J., Zhou, X., Zhang, J., He, J., Xia, X., Lo, D.: Assessing and advancing benchmarks for evaluating large language models in software engineering tasks. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3786771"},{"key":"16_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahi\u0107, J., Sami, A.: State of practice: Llms in software engineering and software architecture. In: 2024 IEEE 21st International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C). pp. 311\u2013318. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSA-C63560.2024.00059"},{"key":"16_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalinowski, M., Ara\u00fajo, A.A., Mendez, D.: Teaching survey research in software engineering. In: Handbook on Teaching Empirical Software Engineering, pp. 501\u2013527. Springer (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-71769-7_18"},{"key":"16_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1109\/OJIES.2024.3412222","volume":"5","author":"S Karnouskos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karnouskos, S.: The relevance of large language models for project management. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society 5, 758\u2013768 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society"},{"key":"16_CR24","unstructured":"Kasunic, M.: Designing an effective survey (2005)"},{"key":"16_CR25","unstructured":"Kerzner, H.: Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons (2025)"},{"key":"16_CR26","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Hsu, C.C.: Leveraging large language models for hybrid workplace decision support. ArXiv abs\/2402.03616 (2024)"},{"key":"16_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.Y., Kang, S., Yoon, J., Yoo, S.: The github recent bugs dataset for evaluating llm-based debugging applications. In: 2024 IEEE Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST). pp. 442\u2013444. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST60714.2024.00049"},{"key":"16_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin, F., Kim, D.J., Chen, T.H.P.: Soen-101: Code generation by emulating software process models using large language model agents p. 1527\u20131539 (2025), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE55347.2025.00140","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE55347.2025.00140"},{"key":"16_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubos, S., et\u00a0al.: Towards group decision support with llm-based meeting analysis. Adjunct Proceedings of the 33rd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3708319.3733646"},{"key":"16_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathews, N.S., Nagappan, M.: Test-driven development and llm-based code generation. In: International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. pp. 1583\u20131594 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3691620.3695527"},{"key":"16_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moll\u00e9ri, J.S., Petersen, K., Mendes, E.: Survey guidelines in software engineering: An annotated review. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM\/IEEE international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement. pp.\u00a01\u20136 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2961111.2962619"},{"key":"16_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2019.106240","volume":"119","author":"JS Moll\u00e9ri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moll\u00e9ri, J.S., Petersen, K., Mendes, E.: An empirically evaluated checklist for surveys in software engineering. Inf. Softw. Technol. 119, 106240 (2020)","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"16_CR33","unstructured":"Ouriques, R.A.B., Wnuk, K., Gorschek, T., Berntsson-Svensson, R.: Knowledge management strategies and processes in agile software development: A systematic literature review. ArXiv abs\/1807.04962 (2018)"},{"key":"16_CR34","unstructured":"Paterek, P.: Effective knowledge management in agile project teams - impact and enablers. In: 5th International Scientific Conference on Project Management in the Baltic Countries in the University of Latvia, April. University of Latvia, Faculty of Economics and Management (2016)"},{"key":"16_CR35","unstructured":"Schroder, M.: Autoscrum: Automating project planning using large language models (2023)"},{"issue":"1","key":"16_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09899-4","volume":"26","author":"Y Shastri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shastri, Y., Hoda, R., Amor, R.: Spearheading agile: the role of the scrum master in agile projects. Empir. Softw. Eng. 26(1), 3 (2021)","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"16_CR37","unstructured":"Singh, A., Singh, K., Sharma, N.: Knowledge management: The agile way. In: Communication Systems and Applications (2015)"},{"key":"16_CR38","unstructured":"Tang, Z., Kejriwal, M.: Humanlike cognitive patterns as emergent phenomena in large language models. ArXiv abs\/2412.15501 (2024)"},{"key":"16_CR39","unstructured":"Tinnes, C., Fuch\u00df, T., Hohenstein, U., Apel, S.: Towards Automatic Support of Software Model Evolution with Large Language~Models. arXiv.org (2023)"},{"key":"16_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasanthapriyan, S.: Knowledge management initiatives in agile software development. Human Factors in Global Software Engineering (2019)","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-9448-2.ch005"},{"issue":"3","key":"16_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3571849","volume":"32","author":"C Verwijs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verwijs, C., Russo, D.: A theory of scrum team effectiveness. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 32(3), 1\u201351 (2023)","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"},{"key":"16_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viet, N.V., Vinh, N.T.: Large language models in software engineering. Journal of Education For Sustainable Innovation 2(2), 146\u2013156 (dec 8 2024)","DOI":"10.56916\/jesi.v2i2.968"},{"key":"16_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, S., Mendez, D., Felderer, M., Graziotin, D., Kalinowski, M.: Challenges in survey research. In: Contemporary Empirical Methods in Software Engineering, pp. 93\u2013125. Springer (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32489-6_4"},{"key":"16_CR44","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Fang, C., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Sun, W., Yu, S., Chen, Z.: A survey on large language models for software engineering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.15223 (2023)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:09:34Z","timestamp":1775081374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032223746","9783032223753"],"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1348","1865-1356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"XP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Agile Software Development","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"S\u00e3o Paulo","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Brazil","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 April 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"xpu2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/event\/xp-2026\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}