{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:06:43Z","timestamp":1787756803767,"version":"build-2784847793"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032223746","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032223753","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context:<\/jats:italic>\n                    The rapid emergence of generative AI (GenAI) tools has begun to reshape software engineering practice. Yet, their adoption within agile environments remains underexplored.\n                    <jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study investigates how agile practitioners adopt GenAI tools in real-world organizational contexts, focusing on regulatory conditions, role-specific use cases, benefits, and barriers.\n                    <jats:italic>Method:<\/jats:italic>\n                    An exploratory multiple case study was conducted in three German organizations, involving 17 semi-structured interviews and document analysis. A cross-case thematic analysis was applied to identify GenAI adoption patterns.\n                    <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Findings reveal that GenAI is primarily used for creative tasks, documentation, and code assistance. Benefits include efficiency gains and enhanced creativity, while barriers relate to data privacy, validation effort, and lack of governance. Using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, we find that these barriers stem from misalignments across the three dimensions. Regulatory pressures are often translated into policies without accounting for actual usage patterns or organizational constraints, leading to systematic policy-practice gaps and shadow IT behavior.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    GenAI offers significant potential to augment agile roles but requires alignment across TOE dimensions, including pragmatic policies, data protection measures, and user training to ensure responsible and effective integration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_18","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:14:00Z","timestamp":1774930440000},"page":"290-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Between Policy and\u00a0Practice: GenAI Adoption in\u00a0Agile Software Development Teams"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4220-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Neumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6622-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lasse","family":"Bischof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nic Elias","family":"Hinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Altun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Stockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Ahaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erim Can","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Rauschenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Diebold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Fritzemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8231-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Przyby\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alami, A., Ernst, N.: Human and machine: how software engineers perceive and engage with ai-assisted code reviews compared to their peers. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, pp. 63\u201374 (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/CHASE66643.2025.00016"},{"key":"18_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, C., Herda, T., Homm, V.: Generating test scenarios from nl requirements using retrieval-augmented LLMs: an industrial study. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Requirements Engineering Conference, pp. 240\u2013251 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE59067.2024.00031"},{"key":"18_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahi, A., Gharib, J., Gahi, Y.: Integrating generative AI for advancing agile software development and mitigating project management challenges. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 15(3) (2024)","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2024.0150306"},{"key":"18_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2025.107751","volume":"183","author":"L Banh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Banh, L., Holldack, F., Strobel, G.: Copiloting the future: how generative ai transforms software engineering. Inf. Softw. Technol. 183, 107751 (2025)","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"18_CR5","unstructured":"Basili, V., Caldiera, G., Rombach, D.: The goal question metric approach, pp. 528\u2013532 (1994)"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., Clarke, V.: Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3(2), 77\u2013101 (2006)","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coutinho, M., Marques, L., Santos, A., Dahia, M., Fran\u00e7a, C., Souza\u00a0Santos, R.: The role of generative ai in software development productivity: A pilot case study. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on AI-Powered Software, pp. 131\u2013138 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3664646.3664773"},{"key":"18_CR8","first-page":"151","volume":"199","author":"R Depietro","year":"1990","unstructured":"Depietro, R., Wiarda, E., Fleischer, M.: The context for change: organization, technology and environment. Process. Technol. Innov. 199, 151\u2013175 (1990)","journal-title":"Process. Technol. Innov."},{"issue":"1","key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.2740","volume":"37","author":"P Diebold","year":"2025","unstructured":"Diebold, P.: From backlogs to bots: generative ai\u2019s impact on agile role evolution. J. Softw. Evol. Process 37(1), e2740 (2025)","journal-title":"J. Softw. Evol. Process"},{"key":"18_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, C., Jiang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, H.: Chatgpt-based test generation for refactoring engines enhanced by feature analysis on examples. In: Proceedings of the 47th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 2714\u20132725 (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE55347.2025.00210"},{"issue":"4","key":"18_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2023.3265877","volume":"40","author":"C Ebert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ebert, C., Louridas, P.: Generative ai for software practitioners. IEEE Softw. 40(4), 30\u201338 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"18_CR12","unstructured":"European Union: Regulation (EU) 2024\/1689 on harmonised rules on artificial intelligence . https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689 (2024), Accessed 29 Nov 2025"},{"key":"18_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarzebowicz, A., \u015alesi\u0144ski, W.: Assessing effectiveness of recommendations to requirements-related problems through interviews with experts. In: 2018 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), pp. 959\u2013968. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.15439\/2018F85"},{"issue":"1","key":"18_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2478\/acss-2024-0009","volume":"29","author":"U Karlovs-Karlovskis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karlovs-Karlovskis, U.: Generative artificial intelligence use in optimising software engineering process: a systematic literature review. Appl. Comput. Syst. 29(1), 68\u201377 (2024)","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"18_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2025.107805","volume":"186","author":"KK Kemell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kemell, K.K., Saarikallio, M., Nguyen-Duc, A., Abrahamsson, P.: Still just personal assistants? \u2013 a multiple case study of generative ai adoption in software organizations. Inf. Softw. Technol. 186, 107805 (2025)","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"18_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucharski, M., Kucharska, W., Jussila, J.: Impact of agile software development team leaders\u2019 mindset on dynamic capabilities for achieving organizational agility. In: Lukovi\u0107, I., et\u00a0al. (eds.) Empowering the Interdisciplinary Role of ISD in Addressing Contemporary Issues in Digital Transformation (ISD2025 Proceedings) (2025)","DOI":"10.62036\/ISD.2025.26"},{"key":"18_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwok, Y.T.C., Adil, M.: Ai and teamwork in agile software development: a systematic mapping study. In: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming \u2013 Workshops, pp. 32\u201340. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham (2026)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-05799-0_4"},{"key":"18_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendes, W., Souza, S., De\u00a0Souza, C.: You\u2019re on a bicycle with a little motor: benefits and challenges of using ai code assistants. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, pp. 144\u2013152 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3641822.3641882"},{"key":"18_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mock, M., Melegati, J., Russo, B.: Generative ai for test driven development: preliminary results. In: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming \u2013 Workshops, pp. 24\u201332. Springer, Cham (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72781-8_3"},{"key":"18_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neumann, M., et\u00a0al.: Research protocol (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18520760","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.18520760"},{"key":"18_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neumann, M., Rauschenberger, M., Sch\u00f6n, E.M.: We need to talk about chatgpt\u2019: the future of ai and higher education. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Software Engineering Education for the Next Generation, pp. 29\u201332 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/SEENG59157.2023.00010"},{"key":"18_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen-Duc, A., et\u00a0al.: Generative artificial intelligence for software engineering\u2014a research agenda. Softw. Pract. Experience 55(11), 1806\u20131843 (2025)","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.70005"},{"key":"18_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2025.107737","volume":"183","author":"J Oertel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oertel, J., Kl\u00fcnder, J., Hebig, R.: Don\u2019t settle for the first! how many github copilot solutions should you check? Inf. Softw. Technol. 183, 107737 (2025)","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"18_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauf, I., Sharp, H., Lopez, T., Wermelinger, M.: Human-machine teaming and team effectiveness in ai tools for software engineering. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, pp. 75\u201380 (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/CHASE66643.2025.00017"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-008-9102-8","volume":"14","author":"P Runeson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Runeson, P., H\u00f6st, M.: Guidelines for conducting and reporting case study research in software engineering. Empir. Softw. Eng. 14(2), 131\u2013164 (2009)","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"18_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, D.: Navigating the complexity of generative ai adoption in software engineering. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 33(5) (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3652154"},{"key":"18_CR27","unstructured":"Russo, D., et\u00a0al.: Generative ai in software engineering must be human-centered: the copenhagen manifesto. J. Syst. Softw. 216 (2024)"},{"key":"18_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salah, M., Abdelfattah, F., Halbusi, H.A.: Generative artificial intelligence (chatgpt & bard) in public administration research: a double-edged sword for street-level bureaucracy studies. Int. J. Public Adm. 0(0), 1\u20137 (2023)","DOI":"10.1080\/01900692.2023.2274801"},{"key":"18_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sami, M.A., et al.: A multi-agent llm system for automated requirements analysis: A study on user story generation and prioritization. In: Proceedings of the 51st Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, pp. 178\u2013187 (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04200-2_12"},{"key":"18_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, I., Felizardo, K.R., Steinmacher, I., Gerosa, M.A.: Great power brings great responsibility: Personalizing conversational ai for diverse problem-solvers. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, pp. 93\u201395 (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/CHASE66643.2025.00019"},{"key":"18_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sauvola, J., Tarkoma, S., Klemettinen, M., Riekki, J., Doermann, D.: Future of software development with generative ai. Autom. Softw. Eng. 31(26) (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-024-00426-z"},{"key":"18_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stray, V., Moe, N., Ganeshan, N., Kobbenes, S.: Generative ai and developer workflows: how github copilot and chatgpt influence solo and pair programming. In: Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2025)","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2025.883"},{"key":"18_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanzil, M.H., Khan, J.Y., Uddin, G.: Chatgpt incorrectness detection in software reviews. In: Proceedings of the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639194"},{"key":"18_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ulfsnes, R., et al: Responsible ai in agile software engineering - an industry perspective. In: Marchesi, L., et al. (eds.) Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming \u2013 Workshops. pp, 33\u201341. Springer, Cham (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-72781-8_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72781-8_4"},{"key":"18_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulfsnes, R., Moe, N.B., Stray, V., Skarpen, M.: Transforming Software Development with Generative AI: Empirical Insights on Collaboration and Workflow, pp. 219\u2013234 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55642-5_10"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2011.92","volume":"29","author":"C Wohlin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wohlin, C., et al.: The success factors powering industry-academia collaboration. IEEE Softw. 29(2), 67\u201373 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2011.92","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"18_CR37","unstructured":"Yin, R.K.: Case study research: Design and methods, applied social research methods series, vol.\u00a05. Sage, Los Angeles, 4. ed. edn. (2009)"},{"key":"18_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., et al.: Empowering agile-based generative software development through human-ai teamwork. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 34(6) (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3702987"},{"key":"18_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Rayhan, M., Herda, T., Goisauf, M., Abrahamsson, P.: LLm-based agents for automating the enhancement of user story quality: an early report. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Agile Software Development, pp. 117\u2013126. Springer, Cham (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-61154-4_8"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:05:22Z","timestamp":1775081122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032223746","9783032223753"],"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1348","1865-1356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"XP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Agile Software Development","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"S\u00e3o Paulo","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Brazil","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 April 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"xpu2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/event\/xp-2026\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}