{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:58:06Z","timestamp":1775084286704,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032223746","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032223753","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Team autonomy\u2014the extent to which teams can make decisions\u2014is a central tenet of agile development. When scaling agile, technical and coordination challenges necessitate restricting autonomy. While greater autonomy is often considered better, the reasons for, and the extent to which, autonomy is, or should be, restricted in large-scale agile development remain poorly understood. In this paper, we address this gap by analyzing large-scale agile frameworks using decision-making theory. Applying inductive thematic analysis to the primary documents of scaling frameworks, we identify and categorize their decisions and related decision-making elements by decision-maker, decision type, decision-making style, decision timing, and affected artifacts. This research contributes to decision-making knowledge by providing a systematic categorization of decision points in large-scale agile development. For practitioners, the resulting classification helps identify key decision points, define roles and responsibilities, and plan team autonomy in large-scale agile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:13:41Z","timestamp":1774930421000},"page":"39-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decision-Making and\u00a0Team Autonomy in\u00a0Large-Scale Agile Software Development: An Analysis of\u00a0Scaling Frameworks"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7451-7772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Paasivaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4192-7024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casper","family":"Lassenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boss, V., Dahlander, L., Ihl, C., Jayaraman, R.: Organizing entrepreneurial teams: a field experiment on autonomy over choosing teams and ideas. Organ. Sci. 34(6, SI), 2097\u20132118 (2023)","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2021.1520"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burge, J.E., Carroll, J.M., McCall, R., Mistrik, I.: Decision-making in software engineering. In: Rationale-Based Software Engineering, pp. 67\u201376. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-77583-6_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77583-6_5"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.06.013","volume":"119","author":"K Dikert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dikert, K., Paasivaara, M., Lassenius, C.: Challenges and success factors for large-scale agile transformations: a systematic literature review. J. Syst. Softw. 119, 87\u2013108 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"6","key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.01.058","volume":"85","author":"M Drury","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drury, M., Conboy, K., Power, K.: Obstacles to decision making in Agile software development teams. J. Syst. Softw. 85(6), 1239\u20131254 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.47.1.307","volume":"47","author":"RA Guzzo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guzzo, R.A., Dickson, M.W.: Teams in organizations: recent research on performance and effectiveness. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 47(1), 307\u2013338 (1996)","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"3_CR6","unstructured":"Hackman, J.R.: The psychology of self-management in organizations. In: Pallack, M.S., Perloff, R.O. (eds.) Psychology and Work: Productivity, Change, and Employment. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC (1986)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017012460315","volume":"27","author":"D Hodgson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hodgson, D., Briand, L.: Controlling the uncontrollable: \u2018Agile\u2019 teams and illusions of autonomy in creative work. Work Employ Soc. 27(2), 308\u2013325 (2013)","journal-title":"Work Employ Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X288385","volume":"50","author":"G Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klein, G.: Naturalistic decision making. Hum. Fact. 50(3), 456\u2013460 (2008)","journal-title":"Hum. Fact."},{"key":"3_CR9","unstructured":"Kniberg, H., Ivarsson, A.: Scaling Agile @ Spotify with Tribes, Squads, Chapters & Guilds (2012)"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lassenius, C., Dings\u00f8yr, T.: Towards a taxonomy for autonomy in large-scale agile software development. In: 2025 IEEE\/ACM 18th International Conference on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE), pp. 96\u2013101 (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/CHASE66643.2025.00020"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2021.106586","volume":"136","author":"F Mendes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mendes, F., Mendes, E., Salleh, N., Oivo, M.: Insights on the relationship between decision-making style and personality in software engineering. Inf. Softw. Technol. 136, 106586 (2021)","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2009.182","volume":"26","author":"NB Moe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moe, N.B., Dings\u00f8yr, T., Dyb\u00e5, T.: Overcoming barriers to self-management in software teams. IEEE Softw. 26(6), 20\u201326 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"issue":"5","key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-09967-3","volume":"26","author":"NB Moe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moe, N.B., \u0160mite, D., Paasivaara, M., Lassenius, C.: Finding the sweet spot for organizational control and team autonomy in large-scale agile software development. Empir. Softw. Eng. 26(5), 101 (2021)","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2018.2886827","volume":"36","author":"M Paasivaara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paasivaara, M., Lassenius, C.: Empower your agile organization: community-based decision making in large-scale agile development at Ericsson. IEEE Softw. 36(2), 64\u201369 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"issue":"5","key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2012.107","volume":"29","author":"M Poppendieck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poppendieck, M., Cusumano, M.: Lean software development: a tutorial. IEEE Softw. 29(5), 26\u201332 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Putta, A., Uluda\u011f, O., Hong, S.L., Paasivaara, M., Lassenius, C.: Why do organizations adopt agile scaling frameworks? A survey of practitioners. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), ESEM \u201921, October 2021, pp. 1\u201312. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3475716.3475788"},{"key":"3_CR17","unstructured":"Scaled Agile, Inc.: Scaled Agile Framework (2025)"},{"key":"3_CR18","unstructured":"Schwaber, K., Scrum.org: The Nexus Guide (2021)"},{"key":"3_CR19","unstructured":"Schwaber, K., Sutherland, J.: The Scrum Guide (2020)"},{"key":"3_CR20","unstructured":"Sutherland, J., Scrum Inc.: The Scrum@Scale Guide (2022)"},{"key":"3_CR21","unstructured":"The LeSS Company B.V.: The LeSS Framework (2025)"},{"key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vroom, V.H., Yetton, P.W.: Leadership and Decision-Making. University of Pittsburgh Press (1973)","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt6wrc8r"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., H\u00f6st, M., Ohlsson, M.C., Regnell, B., Wessl\u00e9n, A.: Experimentation in Software Engineering. Springer, Heidelberg (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-69306-3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-69306-3"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:03:56Z","timestamp":1775081036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032223746","9783032223753"],"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-22375-3_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1348","1865-1356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"XP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Agile Software Development","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"S\u00e3o Paulo","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Brazil","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 April 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"xpu2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/event\/xp-2026\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}