{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T11:17:05Z","timestamp":1780917425178,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032281166","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032281173","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-28117-3_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:56:02Z","timestamp":1780916162000},"page":"3-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iterative vs. Plan-Driven Approaches in Human-LLM Collaborative Modeling: An Empirical Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1419-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Reinhartz-Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7163-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arava","family":"Tsoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","unstructured":"Aghakhani, G., Tsilionis, K., Shafiee, S.: The impact of model-driven development on agile practices within knowledge-intensive systems engineering. In 3rd International Workshop on Agile Methods for Information Systems Engineering, pp. 36\u201343. CEUR-WS (2024)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335461","volume":"20","author":"H Alfraihi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alfraihi, H., Lano, K.: Report from MDE practice: an interview-based evaluation of model-driven engineering uses. PLoS ONE 20(11), e0335461 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0335461","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, S.J., Reinhartz-Berger, I., Bork, D.: How are LLMs used for conceptual modeling? An exploratory study on interaction behavior and user perception. In: International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, pp. 257\u2013275. Springer, Cham (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-75872-0_14"},{"key":"1_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amershi, S., et al.: Guidelines for human-AI interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Chi Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201313 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300233"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barke, S., James, M.B., Polikarpova, N.: Grounded copilot: how programmers interact with code-generating models. In: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, (OOPSLA1), pp. 85\u201311 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3586030"},{"key":"1_CR6","unstructured":"Becker, J., Rush, N., Barnes, E., Rein, D.: Measuring the impact of early-2025 AI on experienced open-source developer productivity. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.09089 (2025)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"ME Bogopa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogopa, M.E., Marnewick, C.: Critical success factors in software development projects. South Afr. Comput. J. 34(1), 1\u201334 (2022)","journal-title":"South Afr. Comput. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-019-00773-6","volume":"19","author":"A Bucchiarone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bucchiarone, A., Cabot, J., Paige, R.F., Pierantonio, A.: Grand challenges in model-driven engineering: an analysis of the state of the research. Softw. Syst. Model. 19(1), 5\u201313 (2020)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calamo, M., Mecella, M., Snoeck, M.: Assessing the suitability of large language models in generating UML class diagrams as conceptual models. In International Conference on Business Process Modeling, Development and Support, pp. 211\u2013226. Springer, Cham (2025","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-95397-2_13"},{"issue":"6","key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-024-01206-9","volume":"23","author":"J C\u00e1mara","year":"2024","unstructured":"C\u00e1mara, J., Burgue\u00f1o, L., Troya, J.: Towards standardized benchmarks of LLMs in software modeling tasks: a conceptual framework. Softw. Syst. Model. 23(6), 1309\u20131318 (2024)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1_CR11","unstructured":"Chaaben, M. B., Burgue\u00f1o, L., David, I., Sahraoui, H.: On the utility of domain modeling assistance with large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.12577 (2024)"},{"key":"1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K., Yang, Y., Chen, B., Hern\u00e1ndez L\u00f3pez, J.A., Mussbacher, G., Varr\u00f3, D.: Automated domain modeling with large language models: a comparative study. In: 2023 ACM\/IEEE 26th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), pp. 162\u2013172. IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/MODELS58315.2023.00037"},{"issue":"8","key":"1_CR13","first-page":"982","volume":"35","author":"FD Davis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P., Warshaw, P.R.: Technology acceptance model. J. Manag. Sci. 35(8), 982\u20131003 (1989)","journal-title":"J. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, A., et al.: Large language models for software engineering: survey and open problems. In: ICSE Future of Software Engineering (FoSE 2023), pp. 31\u201353. IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-FoSE59343.2023.00008"},{"key":"1_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.05.014","volume":"57","author":"AM Fern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1ez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1ez, A.M., Genero, M., Chaudron, M.R., Caivano, D., Ramos, I.: Are forward designed or reverse-engineered UML diagrams more helpful for code maintenance?: A family of experiments. Inf. Softw. Technol. 57, 644\u2013663 (2015)","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrari, A., Abualhaija, S., Arora, C.: Model generation with LLMs: From requirements to UML sequence diagrams. In: 2024 IEEE 32nd International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW), pp. 291\u2013300. IEEE (2024","DOI":"10.1109\/REW61692.2024.00044"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/8756972820973082","volume":"52","author":"A Gemino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gemino, A., Horner Reich, B., Serrador, P.M.: Agile, traditional, and hybrid approaches to project success: is hybrid a poor second choice? Proj. Manag. J. 52(2), 161\u2013175 (2021)","journal-title":"Proj. Manag. J."},{"key":"1_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119745","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3221428","volume":"10","author":"A Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Poels, G., Bera, P.: Using conceptual models in agile software development: a possible solution to requirements engineering challenges in agile projects. IEEE Access 10, 119745\u2013119766 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"8","key":"1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3695988","volume":"33","author":"X Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou, X., et al.: Large language models for software engineering: a systematic literature review. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 33(8), 1\u201379 (2024)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."},{"key":"1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klievtsova, N., Benzin, J.-V., Kampik, T., Mangler, J., Rinderle-Ma, S.: Conversational process modelling: State of the art, applications, and implications in practice. In: Business Process Management Forum (BPM 2023), pp. 319\u2013336. Springer, Heidelberg (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-41623-1_19"},{"key":"1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhrmann, M., et al.: Hybrid software and system development in practice: waterfall, scrum, and beyond. In International Conference on Software and System Process, pp. 30\u201339. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3084100.3084104"},{"key":"1_CR22","unstructured":"Larman, C.: Agile and iterative development: a manager's guide. Addison-Wesley Professional (2004)"},{"key":"1_CR23","unstructured":"Li, J., Hou, Y., Lin, L., Zhu, R., Cao, H., Ali, A.E.: Vibe Coding for UX Design: Understanding UX Professionals\u2019 Perceptions of AI-Assisted Design and Development. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.10652. (2025)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/52.268955","volume":"11","author":"OI Lindland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lindland, O.I., Sindre, G., Solvberg, A.: Understanding quality in conceptual modeling. IEEE Softw. 11(2), 42\u201349 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"1_CR25","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhao, Q., Zhang, C., Li, T.J.J.: AI assistance for UX: a literature review through human-centered AI. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.06089 (2024)"},{"key":"1_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marc\u00e9n, A.C., Iglesias, A., Lape\u00f1a, R., P\u00e9rez, F., Cetina, C.: A systematic literature review of model-driven engineering using machine learning. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2024.3430514"},{"key":"1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinho, M., Noll, J., Richardson, I., Beecham, S.: Plan-driven approaches are alive and kicking in agile global software development. In: 2019 ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), pp. 1\u201311. IEEE (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2019.8870168"},{"key":"1_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prokop, D., Stenchl\u00e1k, S., \u0160koda, P., Kl\u00edmek, J., Ne\u010dask\u00fd, M.: Enhancing domain modeling with pre-trained large language models: an automated assistant for domain modelers. In: International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, pp. 235\u2013253. Springer, Heidelberg (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-75872-0_13"},{"key":"1_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajbhoj, A., Somase, A., Sant, T., Vale, S., Kulkarni, V.: LLM4Model: automated requirements specification model authoring. In: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, pp. 128\u2013136. Springer, Cham (2025","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-94590-8_16"},{"key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinhartz-Berger, I., Ali, S.J., Bork, D.: Leveraging LLMs for domain modeling: the impact of granularity and strategy on quality. In: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, pp. 3\u201319. Springer, Cham (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-94569-4_1"},{"key":"1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinhartz-Berger, I., Snoeck, M.: Are code and design models similarly effective in understanding software structure and behavior?. In International Conference on Business Process Modeling, Development and Support, pp. 318\u2013334. Springer, Cham (2025","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-95397-2_20"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-017-9591-4","volume":"23","author":"G Scanniello","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scanniello, G., et al.: Do software models based on the UML aid in source-code comprehensibility? Aggregating evidence from 12 controlled experiments. Empir. Softw. Eng. 23(5), 2695\u20132733 (2018)","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"1_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, J., Ma, Q., Cabot, J., Kelsen, P., Proper, H.A.: Towards human-in-the-loop LLM-enabled domain modeling. In:International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, pp. 127\u2013145. Springer, Cham (2025","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-08623-5_7"},{"key":"1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.227","volume":"181","author":"T Thesing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thesing, T., Feldmann, C., Burchardt, M.: Agile versus waterfall project management: decision model for selecting the appropriate approach to a project. Procedia Comput. Sci. 181, 746\u2013756 (2021)","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"1_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaithilingam, P., Zhang, T., Glassman, E.L.: Expectation vs. experience: evaluating the usability of code generation tools powered by large language models. In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, pp. 1\u20137 (2022)\u200f","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3519665"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-022-01020-1","volume":"22","author":"C Verbruggen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verbruggen, C., Snoeck, M.: Practitioners\u2019 experiences with model-driven engineering: a meta-review. Softw. Syst. Model. 22(1), 111\u2013129 (2023)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Wang, C., Liang, P., Li, B., Zeng, C.: How LLMs aid in UML modeling: an exploratory study with novice analysts. In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Software Services Engineering (SSE), pp. 249\u2013257. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/SSE62657.2024.00046"},{"key":"1_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Chen, B., Chen, K., Mussbacher, G., Varr\u00f3, D.: Multi-step iterative automated domain modeling with large language models. In: Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 27th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), pp. 587\u2013595 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3652620.3687807"},{"key":"1_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Q., Tang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, W., Huang, Y.: UX research on conversational human-AI interaction: a literature review of the ACM digital library. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201324 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501855"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advanced Information Systems Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28117-3_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:56:18Z","timestamp":1780916178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28117-3_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032281166","9783032281173"],"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28117-3_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"CAiSE","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Verona","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 June 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"38","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"caise2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/caise26.polimi.it\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}