{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T13:42:56Z","timestamp":1786110176433,"version":"3.56.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032283153","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032283160","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-28316-0_13","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:29:30Z","timestamp":1780342170000},"page":"226-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards a Design Theory of Discourse Strategies for Conversational Agents"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0686-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirley","family":"Gregor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6546-4816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Maedche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-1286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Morana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"13_CR1","volume-title":"Theories of Human Communication","author":"SW Littlejohn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Littlejohn, S.W., Foss, K.A., Oetzel, J.G.: Theories of Human Communication. Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove (2017)"},{"key":"13_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03634529509379012","volume":"44","author":"JH Powers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Powers, J.H.: On the intellectual structure of the human communication discipline. Commun. Educ. 44, 191\u2013222 (1995). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03634529509379012","journal-title":"Commun. Educ."},{"key":"13_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324916000243","volume":"22","author":"R Dale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dale, R.: The return of the chatbots. Nat. Lang. Eng. 22, 811\u2013817 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1351324916000243","journal-title":"Nat. Lang. Eng."},{"key":"13_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3236009","volume":"51","author":"R Guidotti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guidotti, R., Monreale, A., Ruggieri, S., Turini, F., Giannotti, F., Pedreschi, D.: A survey of methods for explaining black box models. ACM Comput. Surv. 51, 1\u201342 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3236009","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"13_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mueller, S.T., Hoffman, R.R., Clancey, W., Emrey, A., Klein, G.: Explanation in Human-AI Systems: A Literature Meta-Review, Synopsis of Key Ideas and Publications, and Bibliography for Explainable AI (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1902.01876","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1902.01876"},{"key":"13_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gilpin, L.H., Bau, D., Yuan, B.Z., Bajwa, A., Specter, M., Kagal, L.: Explaining explanations: an overview of interpretability of machine learning. In: 2018 IEEE 5th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), pp. 80\u201389. IEEE (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DSAA.2018.00018","DOI":"10.1109\/DSAA.2018.00018"},{"key":"13_CR7","unstructured":"Habermas, J., McCarthy, T.: The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Beacon Press (1984)"},{"key":"13_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2307\/249487","volume":"23","author":"S Gregor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gregor, S., Benbasat, I.: Explanations from intelligent systems: theoretical foundations and implications for practice. MIS Q. 23, 497\u2013530 (1999)","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"13_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2307\/23043494","volume":"35","author":"B Xiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiao, B., Benbasat, I.: Product-related deception in e-commerce: a theoretical perspective. MIS Q. 35, 169\u2013195 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/23043494","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"13_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/0893318997112005","volume":"11","author":"CBM van Riel","year":"1997","unstructured":"van Riel, C.B.M.: Research in corporate communication. Manag. Commun. Q. 11, 288\u2013309 (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0893318997112005","journal-title":"Manag. Commun. Q."},{"key":"13_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.3.1.36","volume":"1","author":"JG Walls","year":"1992","unstructured":"Walls, J.G., Widmeyer, G.R., El Sawy, O.A.: Building an information system design theory for vigilant EIS. Inf. Syst. Res. 1, 36\u201359 (1992)","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"13_CR12","first-page":"43","volume":"6","author":"JG Walls","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walls, J.G., Widmeyer, G.R., El Sawy, O.A.: Assessing information system design theory in perspective: how useful was our 1992 initial rendition? J. Inf. Technol. Theory Appl. (JITTA) 6, 43\u201358 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol. Theory Appl. (JITTA)"},{"key":"13_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840607088020","volume":"29","author":"D Denyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Denyer, D., Tranfield, D., Van Aken, J.E.: Developing design propositions through research synthesis. Organ. Stud. 29, 393\u2013413 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0170840607088020","journal-title":"Organ. Stud."},{"key":"13_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2004.00430.x","volume":"41","author":"JE van Aken","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Aken, J.E.: Management research based on the paradigm of the design sciences: the quest for field-tested and grounded technological rules. J. Manage. Stud. 41, 219\u2013246 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2004.00430.x","journal-title":"J. Manage. Stud."},{"key":"13_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2016.06.004","volume":"47\u201348","author":"J van Aken","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Aken, J., Chandrasekaran, A., Halman, J.: Conducting and publishing design science research: inaugural essay of the design science department of the Journal of Operations Management. J. Oper. Manag. 47\u201348, 1\u20138 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jom.2016.06.004","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"13_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nass, C., Steuer, J., Tauber, E.R.: Computers are social actors. In: Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 1994 (1994). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/259963.260288","DOI":"10.1145\/259963.260288"},{"key":"13_CR17","unstructured":"Habermas, J.: The Theory of Communicative Action: Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. Beacon Press (1985)"},{"key":"13_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Searle, J.R.: Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1969). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139173438","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173438"},{"key":"13_CR19","unstructured":"Russell, S.J., Norvig, P., Davis, E., Edwards, D.: Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach. Pearson, Boston (2016)"},{"key":"13_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winograd, T., Flores, F.: Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., USA (1987)","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90026-9"},{"key":"13_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1145\/45941.45943","volume":"6","author":"F Flores","year":"1988","unstructured":"Flores, F., Graves, M., Hartfield, B., Winograd, T.: Computer systems and the design of organizational interaction. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 6, 153\u2013172 (1988). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/45941.45943","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"13_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2438653.2438655","volume":"4","author":"AK Chopra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chopra, A.K., et al.: Research directions in agent communication. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 4, 1\u201323 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2438653.2438655","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."},{"key":"13_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, M.P.: A Social Semantics for Agent Communication Languages BT - Issues in Agent Communication (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/10722777_3","DOI":"10.1007\/10722777_3"},{"key":"13_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2010.12.003","volume":"48","author":"J Campbell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campbell, J., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D.: Communicative practices in an online financial forum during abnormal stock market behavior. Inf. Manage. 48, 37\u201352 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.im.2010.12.003","journal-title":"Inf. Manage."},{"key":"13_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1145\/175247.175249M4-Citavi","volume":"37","author":"F Hayes-Roth","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hayes-Roth, F., Jacobstein, N.: The state of knowledge-based systems. Commun. ACM 37, 26\u201339 (1994). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/175247.175249M4-Citavi","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"13_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toulmin, S.E.: The Uses of Argument. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511840005","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511840005"},{"key":"13_CR27","first-page":"54","volume":"120","author":"W Knight","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knight, W.: The dark secret at the heart of AI. MIT Technol. Rev. 120, 54\u201361 (2017)","journal-title":"MIT Technol. Rev."},{"key":"13_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s10602-008-9056-2","volume":"19","author":"RH Thaler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thaler, R.H., Sunstein, C.R.: Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Const. Polit. Econ. 19, 356\u2013360 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10602-008-9056-2","journal-title":"Const. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"13_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.2307\/25148760","volume":"30","author":"SX Komiak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Komiak, S.X., Benbasat, I.: The effects of personalization and familiarity on trust and adoption of recommendation agents. MIS Q. 30, 941\u2013960 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/25148760","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"13_CR30","unstructured":"Weller, A.: Challenges for Transparency (2017)"},{"key":"13_CR31","unstructured":"Jhangiani, R., Tarry, H.: Principles of Social Psychology-1st International Edition. BCcampus (2014)"},{"key":"13_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2307\/4132330","volume":"26","author":"ML Markus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Markus, M.L., Majchrzak, A., Gasser, L.: A design theory for systems that support emergent knowledge processes. MIS Q. 26, 179\u2013212 (2002)","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"13_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van den Akker, J.: Principles and methods of development research. In: van den Akker, J., Branch, R.M., Gustafson, K., Plomb, T. (eds.) Design Approaches and Tools in Education and Training, pp. 1\u201314. Springer, Dordrecht (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-011-4255-7_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4255-7_1"},{"key":"13_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gregor, S., Kruse, L., Seidel, S.: Research perspectives: the anatomy of a design principle. J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 21, 1622\u20131652 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17705\/1jais.00649","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00649"},{"key":"13_CR35","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B.: Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., USA (1997)"},{"key":"13_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Payne, J.W., Bettman, J.R., Johnson, E.J.: The Adaptive Decision Maker. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cbo9781139173933","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9781139173933"},{"key":"13_CR37","unstructured":"S\u00f6llner, M., Benbasat, I., Gefen, D., Leimeister, J.M., Pavlou, P.: Trust. MIS Q Research Curations (2019)"},{"key":"13_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ITEM.0000008081.55563.d4","volume":"5","author":"SX Komiak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Komiak, S.X., Benbasat, I.: Understanding customer trust in agent-mediated electronic commerce, web-mediated electronic commerce, and traditional commerce. Inf. Technol. Manage. 5, 181\u2013207 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:ITEM.0000008081.55563.d4","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Manage."},{"key":"13_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.12.080186.000435","volume":"12","author":"BJ Biddle","year":"1986","unstructured":"Biddle, B.J.: Recent developments in role theory. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 12, 67\u201392 (1986). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.so.12.080186.000435","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"13_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60330-5M4-Citavi","volume":"24","author":"RB Cialdini","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cialdini, R.B., Kallgren, C.A., Reno, R.R.: A focus theory of normative conduct: a theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 24, 201\u2013234 (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60330-5M4-Citavi","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"13_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617693325","volume":"13","author":"PW Schultz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schultz, P.W., Nolan, J.M., Cialdini, R.B., Goldstein, N.J., Griskevicius, V.: The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms: reprise. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 13, 249\u2013254 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691617693325","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"13_CR42","unstructured":"Toulmin, S., Rieke, R.D., Janik, A.: An Introduction to Reasoning. Macmillan (1984)"},{"key":"13_CR43","volume-title":"Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications","author":"JR Anderson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anderson, J.R.: Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications. W. H. Freeman, New York (1990)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Design for Better Futures: Beyond the Science of the Artificial. Completed Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28316-0_13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:44:50Z","timestamp":1786106690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28316-0_13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032283153","9783032283160"],"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28316-0_13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"DESRIST","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"M\u00fcnster","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"desrist2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/desrist2026.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}