{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:06:31Z","timestamp":1780635991075,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032285690","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032285706","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-28570-6_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:50:52Z","timestamp":1780635052000},"page":"42-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nascent Design Principles for\u00a0Human-Machine Interfaces in\u00a0Airborne Manned-Unmanned Teaming"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6123-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Paul","family":"Huttner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-4167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Siemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","unstructured":"Airbus homepage. https:\/\/www.airbus.com\/en\/products-services\/defence\/future-combat-air-system-fcas. Accessed 06 Apr 2026"},{"key":"4_CR2","unstructured":"Airbus homepage (2024). https:\/\/www.airbus.com\/en\/products-services\/defence\/uas\/crewed-uncrewed-teaming. Accessed 06 Apr 2026"},{"key":"4_CR3","unstructured":"U.S. congress hompage (2025). https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/IF12805. Accessed 06 Apr 2026"},{"key":"4_CR4","unstructured":"Allworthy, M.: Reimagining Air Superiority: Collaborative Combat Systems for a Contested Battlespace (2025). https:\/\/rsdi.ae\/en\/publications\/reimagining-air-superiority-collaborative-combat-systems-for-a-contested-battlespace. Accessed 06 Apr 2026"},{"key":"4_CR5","unstructured":"Annett, J., Duncan, K.D.: Task analysis and training design. Technical report 4, Occupational Psychology (1967)"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagdi, T., Ghosh, S., Sarkar, A., Hazra, A.K., Balachandran, S., Chaudhury, S.: Evaluation of research progress and trends on gender and renewable energy: a bibliometric analysis. J. Clean. Prod. 423 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.138654"},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bautz, J., Schwerd, S., Schulte, A.: Using situational awareness and situative criticality for adaptive planning assistance in MUM-t missions. In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 3500\u20133507. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC54092.2024.10832039"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chancey, E.T., et al.: Foundational human-autonomy teaming research and development in scalable remotely operated advanced air mobility operations: research model and initial work. In: AIAA SciTech. National Harbor, MD (2023)","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2023-1066"},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dudek, M., Schulte, A.: Experimental evaluation of UAV task delegation methods. In: 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHMS59971.2024.10555792"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049543","volume":"37","author":"MR Endsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Endsley, M.R.: Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum. Factors 37(1), 32\u201364 (1995)","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ernst, J.M., Friedrich, B.T., Friedrich, M.: Mission management in human autonomy teams \u2013 an HMI design concept for managing multiple uncrewed aerial systems from a fighter cockpit. In: Intelligent Human Systems Integration, vol. 200 (2026)","DOI":"10.54941\/ahfe1007082"},{"key":"4_CR12","unstructured":"Federal Aviation Administration: Advisory Circular 25-11B: Electronic Flight Displays. U.S. Department of Transportation (2014)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37.2.01","volume":"37","author":"S Gregor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gregor, S., Hevner, A.R.: Positioning and presenting design science research for maximum impact. MIS Q. 37(2), 337\u2013355 (2013)","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregor, S., Kruse, L.C., Seidel, S.: The anatomy of a design principle. J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 21(6) (2020)","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00649"},{"key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilemann, F., Schmitt, F., Schulte, A.: Mixed-initiative mission planning of multiple UCAVs from aboard a single seat fighter aircraft. In: Scitech 2019 (2019)","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2019-2205"},{"key":"4_CR16","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11051-2_106","volume-title":"Intelligent Human Systems Integration 2019","author":"F Heilemann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heilemann, F., Schulte, A.: Interaction concept for mixed-initiative mission planning on multiple delegation levels in multi-UCAV fighter missions. In: Karwowski, W., Ahram, T. (eds.) IHSI 2019. AISC, vol. 903, pp. 699\u2013705. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-11051-2_106"},{"key":"4_CR17","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50439-7_25","volume-title":"Augmented Cognition. Human Cognition and Behavior","author":"F Heilemann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heilemann, F., Schulte, A.: Experimental evaluation of an adaptive planning assistance system in manned unmanned teaming missions. In: Schmorrow, D.D., Fidopiastis, C.M. (eds.) HCII 2020. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12197, pp. 371\u2013382. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-50439-7_25"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/24721840.2022.2127724","volume":"33","author":"P Highland","year":"2023","unstructured":"Highland, P., Schnell, T., Woodruff, K., Avdic-McIntire, G.: Towards human objective real-time trust of autonomy measures for combat aviation. Int. J. Aerosp. Psychol. 33(1), 1\u201334 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Aerosp. Psychol."},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvitz, E.: Principles of mixed-initiative user interfaces. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 1999), pp. 159\u2013166. ACM, New York, NY, USA (1999)","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303030"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2013.35","volume":"24","author":"J Iivari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iivari, J.: Distinguishing and contrasting two strategies for design science research. Eur. J. Inf. Syst. 24(1), 107\u2013115 (2015)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iivari, J., Rotvit Perlt\u00a0Hansen, M., Haj-Bolouri, A.: A proposal for minimum reusability evaluation of design principles. Eur. J. Inf. Syst. 30(3) (2021)","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2020.1793697"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruse, L.C., Purao, S., Seidel, S.: University of liechtenstein: how designers use design principles: design behaviors and application modes. J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 23(5), 1235\u20131270 (2022)","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00759"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laudien, T.: Assessing state-of-the-art mission planning user interfaces for application to next generation fighter concept of operations. In: 2024 AIAA DATC\/IEEE 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC62030.2024.10749429"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.1.50.30392","volume":"46","author":"JD Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee, J.D., See, K.A.: Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Hum. Factors 46(1), 50\u201380 (2004)","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"4_CR25","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49183-3_27","volume-title":"Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. Cognition and Design","author":"S Lindner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lindner, S., Schulte, A.: Human-in-the-loop evaluation of a manned-unmanned system approach to derive operational requirements for military air missions. In: Harris, D., Li, W.-C. (eds.) HCII 2020. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12187, pp. 341\u2013356. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-49183-3_27"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/ijmr.12381","volume":"27","author":"G Marzi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marzi, G., Balzano, M., Caputo, A., Pellegrini, M.M.: Guidelines for bibliometric-systematic literature reviews: 10 steps to combine analysis, synthesis and theory development. Int. J. Manag. Rev. 27(1), 81\u2013103 (2025)","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"4_CR27","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64823-7_20","volume-title":"Designing for Digital Transformation. Co-Creating Services with Citizens and Industry","author":"F M\u00f6ller","year":"2020","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller, F., Guggenberger, T.M., Otto, B.: Towards a method for design principle development in information systems. In: Hofmann, S., M\u00fcller, O., Rossi, M. (eds.) DESRIST 2020. LNCS, vol. 12388, pp. 208\u2013220. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-64823-7_20"},{"key":"4_CR28","unstructured":"NATO Standardization Office: Standard interfaces of unmanned aircraft (UA) control system (UCS) for NATO UAV interoperability. Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4586, Edition 4 (AEP-84 Edition A), NATO (2017)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.844354","volume":"30","author":"R Parasuraman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T., Wickens, C.: A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A Syst. Hum. 30(3), 286\u2013297 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A Syst. Hum."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1985.6313353","volume":"15","author":"J Rasmussen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rasmussen, J.: The role of hierarchical knowledge representation in decisionmaking and system management. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 15(2), 234\u2013243 (1985)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"4_CR31","first-page":"42","volume":"29","author":"L Rossetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rossetti, L.: Manned-unmanned teaming - joint air power competence centre. J. JAPCC 29, 42\u201347 (2020)","journal-title":"J. JAPCC"},{"issue":"5","key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496405277134","volume":"36","author":"E Salas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salas, E., Sims, D.E., Burke, C.S.: Is there a \u201cbig five\u2019\u2019 in teamwork? Small Group Res. 36(5), 555\u2013599 (2005)","journal-title":"Small Group Res."},{"key":"4_CR33","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51758-8_1","volume-title":"Advances in Human Factors in Robots, Drones and Unmanned Systems","author":"A Schulte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schulte, A., Heilemann, F., Lindner, S., Donath, D.: Tasking, teaming, swarming: design patterns for human delegation of unmanned vehicles. In: Zallio, M. (ed.) AHFE 2020. AISC, vol. 1210, pp. 3\u20139. Springer, Cham (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-51758-8_1"},{"key":"4_CR34","unstructured":"Serrano, D.: Key initiatives for interoperability through standardization (2015), systems Concepts and Integration Panel"},{"key":"4_CR35","unstructured":"Sheridan, T.B.: Telerobotics, Automation, and Human Supervisory Control. MIT Press, Cambridge (1992). https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu"},{"key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheridan, T.B., Verplank, W.L.: Human and computer control of undersea teleoperators. Technical report, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Man-Machine Systems Laboratory, Cambridge, MA (1978). https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil, technical Report for Office of Naval Research","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA057655"},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokadl\u0131, G., Dorneich, M.C., Matessa, M.: Toward human\u2013autonomy teaming in single-pilot operations: domain analysis and requirements. J. Air Transp. 29(4), 142\u2013152 (2021). https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/10.2514\/1.D0240","DOI":"10.2514\/1.D0240"},{"key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuunanen, T., Winter, R., Vom\u00a0Brocke, J.: Dealing with complexity in design science research: a methodology using design echelons. MIS Q. 48(2), 427\u2013458 (2024)","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2023\/16700"},{"key":"4_CR39","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Defense: MIL-STD-1472h: Design criteria standard \u2014 human engineering. U.S. Department of Defense Standard (2020)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1991.tb00344.x","volume":"22","author":"I Vessey","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vessey, I.: Cognitive fit: a theory-based analysis of the graphs versus tables literature. Decis. Sci. 22(2), 219\u2013240 (1991)","journal-title":"Decis. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1109\/21.156574","volume":"22","author":"KJ Vicente","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vicente, K.J., Rasmussen, J.: Ecological interface design: theoretical foundations. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 22(4), 589\u2013606 (1992)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X288394","volume":"50","author":"CD Wickens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wickens, C.D.: Multiple resources and mental workload. Hum. Factors 50(3), 449\u2013455 (2008)","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Design for Better Futures: Beyond the Science of the Artificial. Prototypes and Research-in-Progress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28570-6_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:51:17Z","timestamp":1780635077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28570-6_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032285690","9783032285706"],"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-28570-6_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"DESRIST","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"M\u00fcnster","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"desrist2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/desrist2026.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}