{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T07:47:00Z","timestamp":1782546420288,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032297594","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032297600","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-29760-0_35","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T07:07:52Z","timestamp":1782544072000},"page":"315-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Re-imagine Knowledge Tracing with\u00a0Student Agency in\u00a0a\u00a0Generative AI Language Tutor"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8550-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiachen","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5063-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anshula","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0102-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishrat","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4647-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Banawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5072-8636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy","family":"Arner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5869-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle S.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"35_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-018-09644-1","volume":"67","author":"A Abyaa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abyaa, A., Khalidi Idrissi, M., Bennani, S.: Learner modelling: systematic review of the literature from the last 5 years. Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. 67, 1105\u20131143 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-018-09644-1","journal-title":"Educ. Tech. Res. Dev."},{"key":"35_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Sewall, J., Koedinger, K.R.: The cognitive tutor authoring tools (CTAT): preliminary evaluation of efficiency gains. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 61\u201370 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11774303_7","DOI":"10.1007\/11774303_7"},{"key":"35_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AlGhamdi, E.M., Li, Y., Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., Chen, G.: Leveraging prompt-based LLMS for automated scoring and feedback generation in higher education. Comput. Educ. 243, 105511 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105511"},{"key":"35_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barrot, J.S.: ChatGPT as a language learning tool: an emerging technology report. Technol. Knowl. Learn. 29, 1151\u20131156 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10758-023-09711-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-023-09711-4"},{"key":"35_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borchers, C., Shou, T.: Can large language models match tutoring system adaptivity? A benchmarking study (2025). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2504.05570","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-98417-4_29"},{"key":"35_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bull, S., Kay, J.: Open learner models, studies in computational intelligence, vol.\u00a0308, pp. 301\u2013322. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-14363-2_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14363-2_15"},{"key":"35_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corbett, A.T., Anderson, J.R.: Knowledge tracing: modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. User Modell. User-Adapted Interact. 4(4), 253\u2013278 (1994). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01099821","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01099821"},{"issue":"1","key":"35_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-023-00425-2","volume":"20","author":"J Escalante","year":"2023","unstructured":"Escalante, J., Pack, A., Barrett, A.: AI-generated feedback on writing: insights into efficacy and ENL student preference. Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ. 20(1), 1\u201320 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-023-00425-2","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ."},{"key":"35_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong, J., Ahmed, I., Yu, F., Arner, T., McNamara, D.S.: L2-French learners and generative AI (GenAI): challenges, needs, and design guidelines. In: Proceedings of the Learning Engineering Research Network Convening (LERN 2026) (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59668\/2551.25403","DOI":"10.59668\/2551.25403"},{"key":"35_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gordon, G., Breazeal, C.: Bayesian active learning-based robot tutor for children\u2019s word-reading skills. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 29, no. 1 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v29i1.9376","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v29i1.9376"},{"key":"35_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heift, T.: Developing an intelligent language tutor. CALICO J. 27(3), 443\u2013459 (2010). https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/calicojournal.27.3.443","DOI":"10.11139\/cj.27.3.443-459"},{"key":"35_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heift, T., Schulze, M.: Errors and intelligence in computer-assisted language learning: parsers and pedagogues. ReCALL 21 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0958344009000044","DOI":"10.1017\/s0958344009000044"},{"key":"35_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Law, L.: Application of generative artificial intelligence (GENAI) in language teaching and learning: a scoping literature review. Comput. Educ. Open 6, 100174 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeo.2024.100174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2024.100174"},{"key":"35_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, X., Wang, X.: Generative students: Using LLM-simulated student profiles to support question item evaluation. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Learning@Scale, pp. 16\u201327. Cornell University (2024).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3657604.3662031","DOI":"10.1145\/3657604.3662031"},{"key":"35_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2024.3403135","volume":"17","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Wang, D., Chen, P., Zhang, Z.: Design and evaluation of trustworthy knowledge tracing model for intelligent tutoring system. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 17, 1661\u20131676 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tlt.2024.3403135","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"35_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neshaei, S.P., Davis, R.L., Hazimeh, A., Lazarevski, B., Dillenbourg, P., K\u00e4ser, T.: Towards modeling learner performance with large language models. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Educational Data Mining. International Educational Data Mining Society (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.12729942","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.12729942"},{"key":"35_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park, S., Kim, H.: A comprehensive survey and taxonomy on large language model-based knowledge tracing. In: Generative Systems and Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 246\u2013258. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-98281-1_20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-98281-1_20"},{"key":"35_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schodde, T., Bergmann, K., Kopp, S.: Adaptive robot language tutoring based on Bayesian knowledge tracing and predictive decision-making. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2909824.3020222","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020222"},{"key":"35_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103781","volume":"147","author":"M Taub","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taub, M., Sawyer, R., Smith, A., Rowe, J., Azevedo, R., Lester, J.: The agency effect: the impact of student agency on learning, emotions, and problem-solving behaviors in a game-based learning environment. Comput. Educ. 147, 103781 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103781","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"35_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543050002213","volume":"50","author":"JW Thomas","year":"1980","unstructured":"Thomas, J.W.: Agency and achievement: self-management and self-regard. Rev. Educ. Res. 50(2), 213\u2013240 (1980)","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"35_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-68716-5_49","volume-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"K VanLehn","year":"1998","unstructured":"VanLehn, K., Niu, Z., Siler, S., Gertner, A.S.: Student modeling from conventional test data: a Bayesian approach without priors. In: Goettl, B.P., Halff, H.M., Redfield, C.L., Shute, V.J. (eds.) Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 434\u2013443. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-68716-5_49"},{"key":"35_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vincoli, M., Scholz, N., Nagashima, T.: Multidimensional student agency in learning with AI: a conceptual framework and design implications. In: Cristea, A.I., et\u00a0al. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education. LNAI, vol. 15880, pp. 218\u2013232. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-98459-4_16","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-98459-4_16"},{"key":"35_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, X., Qiao, L., Cheng, N., Liu, H., Zhao, W.: Enhancing self-regulated learning and learning experience in generative AI environments: The critical role of metacognitive support. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 56(5) (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13599","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13599"},{"issue":"4","key":"35_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312023004614","volume":"23","author":"BJ Zimmerman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Zimmerman, B.J., Pons, M.M.: Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies. Am. Educ. Res. J. 23(4), 614\u2013628 (1986). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/00028312023004614","journal-title":"Am. Educ. Res. J."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29760-0_35","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T07:07:56Z","timestamp":1782544076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29760-0_35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"ISBN":["9783032297594","9783032297600"],"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29760-0_35","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Seoul","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Korea (Republic of)","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.aied-conference.org\/2026","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}