{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:51:53Z","timestamp":1782485513627,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032297624","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032297631","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-29763-1_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:39:21Z","timestamp":1782484761000},"page":"200-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bidirectional Co-regulation Mechanisms Between Teachable Agents and Students: Authority-Agency Evolutionary Characteristics and Their Link to Learning Gains Through Time Series Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanli","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taehyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukyeong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas, G., Leelawong, K., Schwartz, D., Vye, N., Vanderbilt, T.T.A.G.: Learning by teaching: a new agent paradigm for educational software. Appl. Artif. Intell. 19(3-4), 363\u2013392 (2005)","DOI":"10.1080\/08839510590910200"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR2","first-page":"27","volume":"13","author":"G Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown, G., Pocock, A., Zhao, M.J., Luj\u00e1n, M.: Conditional likelihood maximisation: a unifying framework for information theoretic feature selection. The journal of machine learning research 13(1), 27\u201366 (2012)","journal-title":"The journal of machine learning research"},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2014.965823","volume":"49","author":"MT Chi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chi, M.T., Wylie, R.: The icap framework: linking cognitive engagement to active learning outcomes. Educ. Psychologist 49(4), 219\u2013243 (2014)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychologist"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.03.067","volume":"307","author":"M Christ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christ, M., Braun, N., Neuffer, J., Kempa-Liehr, A.W.: Time series feature extraction on basis of scalable hypothesis tests (tsfresh-a python package). Neurocomputing 307, 72\u201377 (2018)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"14_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104967","volume":"210","author":"A Darvishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Darvishi, A., Khosravi, H., Sadiq, S., Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., Siemens, G.: Impact of ai assistance on student agency. Comput. Educ. 210, 104967 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"4","key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","volume":"11","author":"EL Deci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M.: The\" what\" and\" why\" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychol. Inq. 11(4), 227\u2013268 (2000)","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"issue":"5","key":"14_CR7","first-page":"403","volume":"23","author":"S Frager","year":"1970","unstructured":"Frager, S., Stern, C.: Learning by teaching. Read. Teach. 23(5), 403\u2013417 (1970)","journal-title":"Read. Teach."},{"key":"14_CR8","first-page":"65","volume":"30","author":"AF Hadwin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hadwin, A.F., J\u00e4rvel\u00e4, S., Miller, M.: Self-regulated, co-regulated, and socially shared regulation of learning. Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance 30, 65\u201384 (2011)","journal-title":"Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487","volume":"77","author":"J Hattie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hattie, J., Timperley, H.: The power of feedback. Rev. Educ. Res. 77(1), 81\u2013112 (2007)","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1903_1","volume":"19","author":"E Hutchins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hutchins, E.: How a cockpit remembers its speeds. Cogn. Sci. 19(3), 265\u2013288 (1995)","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019682","volume":"102","author":"H Jang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jang, H., Reeve, J., Deci, E.L.: Engaging students in learning activities: It is not autonomy support or structure but autonomy support and structure. J. Educ. Psychol. 102(3), 588 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2012.748006","volume":"48","author":"S J\u00e4rvel\u00e4","year":"2013","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvel\u00e4, S., Hadwin, A.F.: New frontiers: Regulating learning in cscl. Educat. Psychol. 48(1), 25\u201339 (2013)","journal-title":"Educat. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13325","volume":"54","author":"S J\u00e4rvel\u00e4","year":"2023","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvel\u00e4, S., Nguyen, A., Hadwin, A.: Human and artificial intelligence collaboration for socially shared regulation in learning. Br. J. Edu. Technol. 54(5), 1057\u20131076 (2023)","journal-title":"Br. J. Edu. Technol."},{"key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2022.100073","volume":"3","author":"R Kaliisa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaliisa, R., Rienties, B., M\u00f8rch, A.I., Kluge, A.: Social learning analytics in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: a systematic review of empirical studies. Comput. Educ. Open 3, 100073 (2022)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ. Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/02188791.2023.2286206","volume":"45","author":"J Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim, J., Cho, Y.H.: My teammate is ai: understanding students\u2019 perceptions of student-ai collaboration in drawing tasks. Asia Pacific J. Educ. 45(3), 1013\u20131027 (2025)","journal-title":"Asia Pacific J. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep4102_1","volume":"41","author":"P Kirschner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kirschner, P., Sweller, J., Clark, R.E.: Why unguided learning does not work: an analysis of the failure of discovery learning, problem-based learning, experiential learning and inquiry-based learning. Educ. Psychol. 41(2), 75\u201386 (2006)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR17","first-page":"7","volume":"4","author":"S Knight","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knight, S., Wise, A.F., Chen, B.: Time for change: why learning analytics needs temporal analysis. J. Learn. Anal. 4(3), 7\u201317 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Anal."},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Xing, W.: Enhanced knowledge tracing: leveraging multi-time series features from interaction process via an attention-based framework. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 250\u2013258. Springer (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-98465-5_32"},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Xing, W., Li, C., Zhu, W., Heffernan, N.: Positive affective feedback mechanisms in an online mathematics learning platform. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale, pp. 371\u2013375 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3657604.3664666"},{"key":"14_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Xing, W., Zhu, W., Li, C., Lyu, B., Liu, Z., Heffernan, N.: Leveraging multi-modality and collaborative filtering for supporting automatic scoring in mathematics education. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 313\u2013320. Springer (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-99264-3_39"},{"key":"14_CR21","unstructured":"Love, R., Law, E., Cohen, P.R., Kuli\u0107, D.: Teaching a conversational agent using natural language: effect on learning and engagement. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 1\u201339 (2025)"},{"key":"14_CR22","unstructured":"Luckin, R., Holmes, W.: Intelligence unleashed: an argument for ai in education (2016)"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105314","volume":"234","author":"B Lyu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lyu, B., Li, C., Li, H., Oh, H., Song, Y., Zhu, W., Xing, W.: The role of teachable agents\u2019 personality traits on student-ai interactions and math learning. Comput. Educ. 234, 105314 (2025)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR24","first-page":"171","volume":"29","author":"B Lyu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lyu, B., Li, C., Li, H., Xing, W.: Exploring students\u2019 participation in online mathematical discussions using educational big data: A communicative ecology perspective. Educ. Technol. Soc. 29(2), 171\u2013190 (2026)","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-023-00349-y","volume":"34","author":"DS McNamara","year":"2024","unstructured":"McNamara, D.S.: Aied: from cognitive simulations to learning engineering, with humans in the middle. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 34(1), 42\u201354 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100070","volume":"3","author":"I Molenaar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Molenaar, I.: The concept of hybrid human-ai regulation: exemplifying how to support young learners\u2019 self-regulated learning. Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell. 3, 100070 (2022)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"14_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molenaar, I., Wise, A.F.: Temporal aspects of learning analytics-grounding analyses in concepts of time. The handbook of learning analytics, pp. 66\u201376 (2022)","DOI":"10.18608\/hla22.007"},{"issue":"5","key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2024.2323593","volume":"49","author":"A Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen, A., Hong, Y., Dang, B., Huang, X.: Human-ai collaboration patterns in ai-assisted academic writing. Stud. High. Educ. 49(5), 847\u2013864 (2024)","journal-title":"Stud. High. Educ."},{"key":"14_CR29","unstructured":"Otaki, B.: Feedback in the era of generative ai (2023)"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pitvorec, K.: Coding System for Identifying Agency and Authority Relationships Between Teachers and Students in Classroom Discussions (4 2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25417\/uic.22825676.v1","DOI":"10.25417\/uic.22825676.v1"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9127-6","volume":"22","author":"J Van de Pol","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van de Pol, J., Volman, M., Beishuizen, J.: Scaffolding in teacher-student interaction: A decade of research. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 22(3), 271\u2013296 (2010)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/501484","volume":"106","author":"J Reeve","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reeve, J.: Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. Elem. Sch. J. 106(3), 225\u2013236 (2006)","journal-title":"Elem. Sch. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2020.1784812","volume":"53","author":"A Silvervarg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silvervarg, A., Wolf, R., Blair, K.P., Haake, M., Gulz, A.: How teachable agents influence students\u2019 responses to critical constructive feedback. J. Res. Technol. Educ. 53(1), 67\u201388 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Res. Technol. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/00405841.2019.1702393","volume":"59","author":"M Vaughn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaughn, M.: What is student agency and why is it needed now more than ever? Theory Into Practice 59(2), 109\u2013118 (2020)","journal-title":"Theory Into Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4018\/JDM.2019010104","volume":"30","author":"W Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, W., Siau, K.: Artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, robotics, future of work and future of humanity: a review and research agenda. J. Database Manage. (JDM) 30(1), 61\u201379 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Database Manage. (JDM)"},{"key":"14_CR36","unstructured":"Xing, W., Kim, T., Song, Y., Li, H., Li, C., Kim, J.: Unveiling interaction patterns between students and generative ai teachable agent: Focusing on students\u2019 agency and ai agents\u2019 authority. British Journal of Educational Technology (2026)"},{"key":"14_CR37","unstructured":"Zhao, G., Ailiya, Shen, Z.: Learning-by-teaching: designing teachable agents with intrinsic motivation. J. Educ. Technol. Soc. 15(4), 62\u201374 (2012)"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR38","first-page":"64","volume":"41","author":"BJ Zimmerman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zimmerman, B.J.: Becoming a self-regulated learner: an overview. Theory Practice 41(2), 64\u201370 (2002)","journal-title":"Theory Practice"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29763-1_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:39:42Z","timestamp":1782484782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29763-1_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"ISBN":["9783032297624","9783032297631"],"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29763-1_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Seoul","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Korea (Republic of)","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.aied-conference.org\/2026","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}