{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:50:22Z","timestamp":1782478222168,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032297723","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032297730","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-29773-0_32","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:27:10Z","timestamp":1782476830000},"page":"406-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Offline-First AIED: An Architectural Blueprint for\u00a0On-Device LLM Integration in\u00a0Low-Resource Educational Contexts"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2634-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristoteles","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1301-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1452-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermesson","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5676-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ig Ibert","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1574-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Isotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0343-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8415-6955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Dermeval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"32_CR1","unstructured":"Barros, A., Monteiro, M., Rodrigues, L., Dermeval, D., Isotani, S., Bittencourt, I.I.: Evaluating large language model quality in resource-constrained environments. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, LNCS. Springer (2025)"},{"issue":"3","key":"32_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-017-0157-9","volume":"28","author":"D Dermeval","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dermeval, D., Paiva, R., Bittencourt, I.I., Vassileva, J., Isotani, S.: Authoring tools for designing intelligent tutoring systems: a systematic review of the literature. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 28(3), 336\u2013384 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"32_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitas, E., et al.: Learning analytics desconectada: Um estudo de caso em an\u00e1lise de produ\u00e7\u00f5es textuais. In: Anais do I Workshop de Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Pr\u00e1ticas de Learning Analytics em Institui\u00e7\u00f5es de Ensino no Brasil, pp. 40\u201349. SBC (2022)","DOI":"10.5753\/wapla.2022.226823"},{"issue":"2","key":"32_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"D Ga\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ga\u0161evi\u0107, D., Prinsloo, P.: Learning analytics for the global south. J. Learn. Analytics 5(2), 1\u20137 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Learn. Analytics"},{"key":"32_CR5","unstructured":"GGML contributors: GGUF: unified file format for GGML models (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/ggml-org\/ggml\/blob\/master\/docs\/gguf.md"},{"issue":"1","key":"32_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/25148625","volume":"28","author":"AR Hevner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hevner, A.R., March, S.T., Park, J., Ram, S.: Design science in information systems research. MIS Q. 28(1), 75\u2013105 (2004)","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"32_CR7","unstructured":"Hugging Face: The AI community building the future (2024). https:\/\/huggingface.co"},{"issue":"8","key":"32_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2023.2294703","volume":"46","author":"IR Indran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Indran, I.R., Paranthaman, P., Gupta, N., Mustafa, N.: Twelve tips to leverage AI for efficient and effective medical question generation. Med. Teach. 46(8), 1021\u20131026 (2024)","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"32_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isotani, S., Bittencourt, I.I., Challco, G.C., et al.: AIED unplugged: Leapfrogging the digital divide to reach the underserved. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, LNCS. Springer (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36336-8_118"},{"key":"32_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, U., Jung, H., Jeon, Y., et al.: Few-shot is enough: exploring ChatGPT prompt engineering for automatic question generation. Educ. Inf. Technol. (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12249-8"},{"key":"32_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, K., Zhang, Y.: Planning first, question second: an LLM-guided method for controllable question generation. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pp. 4715\u20134729. Association for Computational Linguistics, Bangkok (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.280","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.280"},{"key":"32_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Galindo, M., Xie, H., et al.: Lightweight deep learning for resourceconstrained environments: a survey. ACM Comput. Surv. (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3657282"},{"key":"32_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mello, R.F., et al.: Escreva Mais: a mobile application to enhancing writing skills in resource-constrained classrooms. In: European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, pp. 307\u2013312. Springer (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-03873-9_41"},{"key":"32_CR14","unstructured":"Meta Platforms, Inc.: React native documentation (2024). https:\/\/reactnative.dev"},{"key":"32_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, M., et al.: \u201csmall device, big decision:\u201d comparing lightweight LLMs\u2019 computational performance and output quality for AIED unplugged, pp. 160\u2013167 (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-99267-4_20"},{"key":"32_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro\u00a0Santos, et al.: Near feasibility, distant practicality: empirical analysis of deploying and using LLMs on resource-constrained smartphones. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies and Development, pp. 224\u2013235 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3700794.3700817"},{"issue":"3","key":"32_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302","volume":"24","author":"K Peffers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M.A., Chatterjee, S.: A design science research methodology for information systems research. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 24(3), 45\u201377 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"32_CR18","unstructured":"Poimandres: Zustand: Bear necessities for state management in react (2019). https:\/\/github.com\/pmndrs\/zustand"},{"key":"32_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portela, C., Lisboa, R., Yasojima, K., et al.: A case study on AIED unplugged applied to public policy for learning recovery post-pandemic in Brazil. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, LNCS. Springer (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36336-8_120"},{"key":"32_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, L., et al.: MathAIde: a qualitative study of teachers\u2019 perceptions of an its unplugged for underserved regions. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., 1\u201329 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00397-y"},{"key":"32_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, L., et\u00a0al.: Teacher-centered intelligent tutoring systems: design considerations from Brazilian public school teachers. In: Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o (SBIE), pp. 1419\u20131430. SBC (2023)","DOI":"10.5753\/sbie.2023.235159"},{"key":"32_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodrigues, L., et al.: Mathaide in the classroom: a qualitative analysis of teachers\u2019 perspectives of intelligent tutoring systems unplugged. In: Anais do XXXV Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, pp. 1515\u20131528. SBC, Porto Alegre (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/sbie.2024.242017","DOI":"10.5753\/sbie.2024.242017"},{"key":"32_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santos, M., et al.: Gera\u00e7\u00e3o de quest\u00f5es com llms leves: Um estudo inicial sobre a percep\u00e7\u00e3o de educadores. In: Anais do XXXVI Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, pp. 1635\u20131646. SBC, Porto Alegre (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/sbie.2025.12574","DOI":"10.5753\/sbie.2025.12574"},{"key":"32_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scaria, N., Dharani\u00a0Chenna, S., Subramani, D.: Automated educational question generation at different bloom\u2019s skill levels using large language models: strategies and evaluation. In: Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 165\u2013179. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64299-9_12"},{"key":"32_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shankar, S., Zamfirescu-Pereira, J.D., Hartmann, B., Parameswaran, A., Arawjo, I.: Who validates the validators? Aligning LLM-assisted evaluation of LLM outputs with human preferences. In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 1\u201314 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676450"},{"key":"32_CR26","unstructured":"Thompson, G.: Two thirds of the world\u2019s school-age children have no internet access at home. UNICEF Report (2020)"},{"key":"32_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topali, P., Ortega-Arranz, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Triana, M.J., et\u00a0al.: Designing human-centered learning analytics and artificial intelligence in education solutions. Behav. Inf. Technol. (2024)","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2024.2345295"},{"key":"32_CR28","unstructured":"UNESCO: Mobile learning: UNESCO policy guidelines (2014)"},{"key":"32_CR29","unstructured":"World Bank: Digital development overview (2023). https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/digitaldevelopment"},{"key":"32_CR30","first-page":"100118","volume":"4","author":"Q Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia, Q., Chiu, T.K.F., Zhou, X.: Systematic literature review on opportunities, challenges, and future research of artificial intelligence in education. Comput. Educ.: Artif. Intell. 4, 100118 (2022)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ.: Artif. Intell."},{"key":"32_CR31","unstructured":"Yin, Y., Liu, C., Wang, Z., et al.: LLM serving on mobile devices: challenges and opportunities. ACM Comput. Surv. (2024)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29773-0_32","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:27:38Z","timestamp":1782476858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29773-0_32"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"ISBN":["9783032297723","9783032297730"],"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-29773-0_32","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Seoul","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Korea (Republic of)","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.aied-conference.org\/2026","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}