{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T19:08:08Z","timestamp":1784833688882,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032325747","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032325754","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-32575-4_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:45:39Z","timestamp":1784832339000},"page":"306-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PPMLAuth: Privacy-Preserving and\u00a0Tamper-Resistant Behavioral Authentication"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4303-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Monschein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2702-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Niedermayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver P.","family":"Waldhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3020076","volume":"8","author":"M Abuhamad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abuhamad, M., Abusnaina, A., Nyang, D., Mohaisen, D.: Sensor-based continuous authentication of smartphones\u2019 users using behavioral biometrics: a contemporary survey. IEEE Internet Things J. 8(1), 65\u201384 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"12_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aharoni, E., Adir, A., Baruch, M., Drucker, N., Ezov, G., Farkash, A.: HeLayers: a tile tensors framework for large neural networks on encrypted data. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Privacy Enhancing Technology Symp. (PETS), pp. 325\u2013342 (2023)","DOI":"10.56553\/popets-2023-0020"},{"key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u00a0Badawi, A., Bates, J., Bergamaschi, F., Cousins, D.B., Erabelli, S., Genise, N., et\u00a0al.: OpenFHE: open-source fully homomorphic encryption library. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Encrypted Computing & Applied Homomorphic Cryptography (WAHC), pp. 53\u201363 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3560827.3563379"},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samara, A., Gilg, M., Abouaissa, M., Bennis, A., Lorenz, I.: B2CAR: behavioural biometrics for continuous authentication with regularisation techniques. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), pp. 324\u2013329. (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC65282.2025.11059596"},{"key":"12_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-023-00721-y","volume":"22","author":"AF Baig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baig, A.F., Eskeland, S., Yang, B.: Privacy-preserving continuous authentication using behavioral biometrics. Springer Int. J. Inf. Secur. 22, 1833\u20131847 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"AF Baig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baig, A.F., Eskeland, S., Yang, B.: Novel and efficient privacy-preserving continuous authentication. MDPI Cryptography 8(1), 1\u201314 (2024)","journal-title":"MDPI Cryptography"},{"key":"12_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumstark, P., Monschein, D., Waldhorst, O.P.: Secure plaintext acquisition of homomorphically encrypted results for remote processing. In: Proceedings of the 48th IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp. 1\u20134 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN58197.2023.10223372"},{"key":"12_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergamaschi, F., Costache, A., Dachman-Soled, D., Kippen, H., LaBuff, L., Tang, R.: Revisiting the security of approximate FHE with noise-flooding countermeasures. In: Proceedings of the 28th IACR International Conference on Practice and Theory of Public-Key Cryptography (PKC), pp. 102\u2013134 (2025)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-91832-2_4"},{"key":"12_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanton, M., Murphy, D.: Privacy preserving biometric authentication for fingerprints and beyond. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy (CODASPY), pp. 367\u2013378 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3626232.3653269"},{"key":"12_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Botrel, G., Piellard, T., Housni, Y.E., Kubjas, I., Tabaie, A.: Consensys\/gnark: v0.14.0 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.5819104","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.5819104"},{"key":"12_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheon, J.H., Choe, H., Passel\u00e8gue, A., Stehl\u00e9, D., Suvanto, E.: Attacks against the IND-CPAD security of exact FHE schemes. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), pp. 2505\u20132519 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3690341"},{"key":"12_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheon, J.H., Kim, A., Kim, M., Song, Y.: Homomorphic encryption for arithmetic of approximate numbers. In: Proceedings of the 23rd IACR International Conference on Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security (ASIACRYPT), pp. 409\u2013437 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70694-8_15"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-019-09319-x","volume":"33","author":"I Chillotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chillotti, I., Gama, N., Georgieva, M., Izabach\u00e8ne, M.: TFHE: fast fully homomorphic encryption over the torus. Springer J. Cryptology 33(1), 34\u201391 (2020)","journal-title":"Springer J. Cryptology"},{"key":"12_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damgard, I., Geisler, M., Kroigard, M.: Homomorphic encryption and secure comparison. Indersci. Publishers Int. J. Appl. Cryptography 1(1), 22\u201331 (2008)","DOI":"10.1504\/IJACT.2008.017048"},{"key":"12_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingo-Ferrer, J., Wu, Q., Blanco-Justicia, A.: Flexible and robust privacy-preserving implicit authentication. In: Proceedings of the 30th IFIP International Conference on ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection (SEC), pp. 18\u201334 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18467-8_2"},{"key":"12_CR16","unstructured":"Goldreich, O.: Foundations of Cryptography: Volume 2, Basic Applications. Cambridge University Press, 1st edn. (2009)"},{"key":"12_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.01.024","volume":"67","author":"M Gomez-Barrero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomez-Barrero, M., Maiorana, E., Galbally, J., Campisi, P., Fierrez, J.: Multi-biometric template protection based on homomorphic encryption. Elsevier Pattern Recogn. 67, 149\u2013163 (2017)","journal-title":"Elsevier Pattern Recogn."},{"key":"12_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Govindarajan, S., Gasti, P., Balagani, K.S.: Secure privacy-preserving protocols for outsourcing continuous authentication of smartphone users with touch data. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), pp. 1\u20138 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712742"},{"key":"12_CR19","unstructured":"Grassi, L., Khovratovich, D., Rechberger, C., Roy, A., Schofnegger, M.: POSEIDON: a new hash function for zero-knowledge proof systems. In: Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 519\u2013535 (2021)"},{"key":"12_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groth, J.: On the size of pairing-based non-interactive arguments. In: Proceedings of the 35th IACR International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT), pp. 305\u2013326 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49896-5_11"},{"key":"12_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatin, J., Cherrier, E., Schwartzmann, J.J., Rosenberger, C.: Privacy preserving transparent mobile authentication. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy (ICISSP) (2017)","DOI":"10.5220\/0006186803540361"},{"key":"12_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.04.013","volume":"147","author":"L Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1lvarez, L., de Fuentes, J.M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Manzano, L., Hern\u00e1ndez Encinas, L.: SmartCAMPP - smartphone-based continuous authentication leveraging motion sensors with privacy preservation. Elsevier Pattern Recogn. Lett. 147, 189\u2013196 (2021)","journal-title":"Elsevier Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010092","volume":"21","author":"L Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1lvarez, L., de Fuentes, J.M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Manzano, L., Hern\u00e1ndez Encinas, L.: Privacy-preserving sensor-based continuous authentication and user profiling: a review. MDPI Sens. 21(1), 92 (2021)","journal-title":"MDPI Sens."},{"key":"12_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2023.103122","volume":"127","author":"M Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu, M., Zhang, K., You, R., Tu, B.: AuthConFormer: sensor-based continuous authentication of smartphone users using a convolutional transformer. Elsevier Comput. Secur. 127, 103122 (2023)","journal-title":"Elsevier Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3219135","volume":"10","author":"M Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu, M., Zhang, K., You, R., Tu, B.: Multisensor-based continuous authentication of smartphone users with two-stage feature extraction. IEEE Internet Things J. 10(6), 4708\u20134724 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"12_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2022.102716","volume":"119","author":"M Levi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Levi, M., Hazan, I., Agmon, N., Eden, S.: Behavioral embedding for continuous user verification in global settings. Elsevier Comput. Secur. 119, 102716 (2022)","journal-title":"Elsevier Comput. Secur."},{"key":"12_CR27","unstructured":"Lin, C., He, J., Shen, C., Li, Q., Wang, Q.: CrossBehaAuth: cross-scenario behavioral biometrics authentication using keystroke dynamics. IEEE Trans. Dependable Secure Comput. 20(3), 2314\u20132327 (2023)"},{"issue":"10","key":"12_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3205665","volume":"110","author":"C Marcolla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marcolla, C., Sucasas, V., Manzano, M., Bassoli, R., Fitzek, F.H.P., Aaraj, N.: Survey on fully homomorphic encryption, theory, and applications. Proc. IEEE 110(10), 1572\u20131609 (2022)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monschein, D., Waldhorst, O.P.: SPCAuth: scalable and privacy-preserving continuous authentication for web applications. In: Proceedings of the 46th IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp. 281\u2013286 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN52139.2021.9524959"},{"key":"12_CR30","unstructured":"Monschein, D., Waldhorst, O.P.: mPSAuth: privacy-preserving and scalable authentication for mobile web applications (2022). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2210.04777"},{"key":"12_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monschein, D., Waldhorst, O.P.: Optimizing privacy-preserving continuous authentication of mobile devices. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Network and System Security (NSS), pp. 63\u201381 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-3531-3_4"},{"key":"12_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153098","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3017436","volume":"8","author":"S Obla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Obla, S., Gong, X., Aloufi, A., Hu, P., Takabi, D.: Effective activation functions for homomorphic evaluation of deep neural networks. IEEE Access 8, 153098\u2013153112 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"MD Papamichail","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papamichail, M.D., Chatzidimitriou, K.C., Karanikiotis, T., Oikonomou, N.C.I., Symeonidis, A.L., Saripalle, S.K.: BrainRun: a behavioral biometrics dataset towards continuous implicit authentication. MDPI Data 4(2), 1\u201317 (2019)","journal-title":"MDPI Data"},{"key":"12_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sah, C.P., Kaur, M., Singh, G.: Efficiency of zero-knowledge proofs: a thorough review and analysis. In: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Public Key Infrastructure and its Applications (PKIA), pp. 1\u20137 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/PKIA62599.2024.10729195"},{"key":"12_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., Philbin, J.: FaceNet: a unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. In: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"12_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.05.009","volume":"53","author":"SF Shahandashti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shahandashti, S.F., Safavi-Naini, R., Safa, N.A.: Reconciling user privacy and implicit authentication for mobile devices. Elsevier Comput. Secur. 53, 215\u2013233 (2015)","journal-title":"Elsevier Comput. Secur."},{"key":"12_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shepherd, C., Akram, R.N., Markantonakis, K.: Towards trusted execution of multi-modal continuous authentication schemes. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), pp. 1444\u20131451 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3019612.3019652"},{"key":"12_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sitov\u00e1, Z., \u0160ed\u011bnka, J., Yang, Q., Peng, G., Zhou, G., Gasti, P.: HMOG: new behavioral biometric features for continuous authentication of smartphone users. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 11(5), 877\u2013892 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2506542"},{"key":"12_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.109089","volume":"134","author":"G Stragapede","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stragapede, G., Vera-Rodriguez, R., Tolosana, R., Morales, A.: BehavePassDB: public database for mobile behavioral biometrics and benchmark evaluation. Elsevier Pattern Recogn. 134, 109089 (2023)","journal-title":"Elsevier Pattern Recogn."},{"key":"12_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.08.021","volume":"66","author":"I Stylios","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stylios, I., Kokolakis, S., Thanou, O., Chatzis, S.: Behavioral biometrics & continuous user authentication on mobile devices: a survey. Elsevier Inf. Fusion 66, 76\u201399 (2021)","journal-title":"Elsevier Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"12_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59057","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3555311","volume":"13","author":"U Sumalatha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sumalatha, U., Prakasha, K.K., Prabhu, S., Nayak, V.C.: Touch of privacy: a homomorphic encryption-powered deep learning framework for fingerprint authentication. IEEE Access 13, 59057\u201359073 (2025)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-015-9587-9","volume":"17","author":"Y Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Upadhyaya, S.: Secure and privacy preserving data processing support for active authentication. Inf. Syst. Front. 17(5), 1007\u20131015 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-015-9587-9","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"12_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassallo, G., Van Hamme, T., Preuveneers, D., Joosen, W.: Privacy-preserving behavioral authentication on smartphones. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Human-Centered Sensing, Networking, and Systems (HumanSys), pp. 1\u20136 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3144730.3144731"},{"key":"12_CR44","unstructured":"Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A.N.: Attention is all you need. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), pp. 6000\u20136010 (2017)"},{"key":"12_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Weng, J., Wang, Z., Wei, K., Wen, J., Lai, J., et\u00a0al.: Attacks and countermeasures on privacy-preserving biometric authentication schemes. IEEE Trans. Dependable Secure Comput. 20(2), 1744\u20131755 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2022.3162623"},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073566","volume":"23","author":"W Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, W., Wang, S., Cui, H., Tang, Z., Li, Y.: A review of homomorphic encryption for privacy-preserving biometrics. MDPI Sens. 23(7), 3566 (2023)","journal-title":"MDPI Sens."},{"key":"12_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., et al.: Poseidon: practical homomorphic encryption accelerator. In: Proceedings of the 29th IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), pp. 870\u2013881 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA56546.2023.10070984"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Applied Cryptography and Network Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-32575-4_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:45:44Z","timestamp":1784832344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-32575-4_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"ISBN":["9783032325747","9783032325754"],"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-32575-4_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ACNS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Stony Brook, WI","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"USA","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"24","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"acns2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/acns2026.github.io\/index.html","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}