{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:06:12Z","timestamp":1789124772868,"version":"build-2803163510"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032372604","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032372611","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-37261-1_23","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:11:48Z","timestamp":1789121508000},"page":"397-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RefracGS: Novel View Synthesis Through Refractive Water Surfaces with\u00a03D Gaussian Ray Tracing"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yiming","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yequan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"23_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barron, J.T., Mildenhall, B., Tancik, M., Hedman, P., Martin-Brualla, R., Srinivasan, P.P.: MIP-nerf: a multiscale representation for anti-aliasing neural radiance fields (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00580"},{"key":"23_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barron, J.T., Mildenhall, B., Verbin, D., Srinivasan, P.P., Hedman, P.: Mip-nerf 360: unbounded anti-aliased neural radiance fields. In: CVPR (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00539"},{"key":"23_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bemana, M., Myszkowski, K., Revall\u00a0Frisvad, J., Seidel, H.P., Ritschel, T.: Eikonal fields for refractive novel-view synthesis. In: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Proceedings, pp.\u00a01\u20139 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3528233.3530706"},{"key":"23_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, A., Xu, Z., Geiger, A., Yu, J., Su, H.: Tensorf: tensorial radiance fields. In: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19824-3_20"},{"key":"23_CR5","unstructured":"Chen, D., et al.: PGSR: planar-based gaussian splatting for efficient and high-fidelity surface reconstruction. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.06521 (2024)"},{"key":"23_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng, W., Campbell, D., Sun, C., Kanitkar, S., Shaffer, M., Gould, S.: Ray deformation networks for novel view synthesis of refractive objects. In: 2024 IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 3106\u20133116 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00309","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00309"},{"key":"23_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Z., Wang, K., Wen, K., Zhu, Z., Xu, D., Wang, Z.: Lightgaussian: unbounded 3d gaussian compression with 15x reduction and 200+ fps (2023)","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-4447"},{"key":"23_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fridovich-Keil, S., Yu, A., Tancik, M., Chen, Q., Recht, B., Kanazawa, A.: Plenoxels: radiance fields without neural networks. In: CVPR (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00542"},{"key":"23_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao, F., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Cheng, J., Zhang, J.: Transparent object reconstruction via implicit differentiable refraction rendering. In: SIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers. SA \u201923, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3610548.3618236","DOI":"10.1145\/3610548.3618236"},{"key":"23_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, B., Yu, Z., Chen, A., Geiger, A., Gao, S.: 2d gaussian splatting for geometrically accurate radiance fields. In: SIGGRAPH 2024 Conference Papers, Association for Computing Machinery (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3641519.3657428","DOI":"10.1145\/3641519.3657428"},{"key":"23_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, L., et al.: Transparentgs: fast inverse rendering of transparent objects with gaussians. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 44(4), 1\u201317 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3730892","DOI":"10.1145\/3730892"},{"key":"23_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., et al.: Gaussianshader: 3d gaussian splatting with shading functions for reflective surfaces. arXiv:2311.17977 arXiv preprint (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00509"},{"key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerbl, B., Kopanas, G., Leimk\u00fchler, T., Drettakis, G.: 3d gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 42(4) (2023). https:\/\/repo-sam.inria.fr\/fungraph\/3d-gaussian-splatting\/","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433"},{"key":"23_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kheradmand, S., et al.: 3d gaussian splatting as markov chain monte carlo. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2024). spotlight Presentation","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-2573"},{"key":"23_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, W., Fukiage, T., Oishi, T.: Ref$$^2$$-nerf: reflection and refraction aware neural radiance field (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS58592.2024.10801830"},{"key":"23_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.C., Rho, D., Sun, X., Ko, J.H., Park, E.: Compact 3d gaussian representation for radiance field. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 21719\u201321728 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02052"},{"key":"23_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mildenhall, B., Srinivasan, P.P., Tancik, M., Barron, J.T., Ramamoorthi, R., Ng, R.: Nerf: representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_24"},{"key":"23_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moenne-Loccoz, N., et al.: 3d gaussian ray tracing: fast tracing of particle scenes. ACM Trans. Graph. SIGGRAPH Asia (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3687934"},{"key":"23_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, T., Evans, A., Schied, C., Keller, A.: Instant neural graphics primitives with a multiresolution hash encoding. ACM Trans. Graph. 41(4), 102:1\u2013102:15 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3528223.3530127","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127"},{"key":"23_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pan, J.I., Su, J.W., Hsiao, K.W., Yen, T.Y., Chu, H.K.: Sampling neural radiance fields for refractive objects. In: SIGGRAPH Asia 2022 Technical Communications. SA \u201922 Technical Communications, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3550340.3564234","DOI":"10.1145\/3550340.3564234"},{"key":"23_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phong, B.T.: Illumination for computer generated pictures, pp. 95\u2013101. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/280811.280980","DOI":"10.1145\/280811.280980"},{"key":"23_CR22","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01219-9_46","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2018","author":"Y Qian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qian, Y., Zheng, Y., Gong, M., Yang, Y.-H.: Simultaneous 3D reconstruction for water surface and underwater scene. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11207, pp. 776\u2013792. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01219-9_46"},{"key":"23_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J.M., Wu, T., Yan, L.Q., Gao, L.: Nu-nerf: neural reconstruction of nested transparent objects with uncontrolled capture environment. ACM Trans. Graph. (ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2024) (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3687757"},{"key":"23_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tong, J., Muthu, S., Maken, F.A., Nguyen, C., Li, H.: Seeing through the glass: neural 3d reconstruction of object inside a transparent container . In: 2023 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 12555\u201312564. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01208. https:\/\/doi.ieeecomputersociety.org\/10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01208","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01208"},{"key":"23_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Zhang, T., S\u00fcsstrunk, S.: NEMTO: Neural environment matting for novel view and relighting synthesis of transparent objects. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00036"},{"key":"23_CR26","unstructured":"Wang, L., Ren, Q., Liao, K., Wang, H., Chen, Z., Tang, Y.: Stablegs: a floater-free framework for 3d gaussian splatting (2025). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2503.18458"},{"issue":"4","key":"23_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Bovik, A., Sheikh, H., Simoncelli, E.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600\u2013612 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"23_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Yang, W., Cao, J., Hu, Q., Xu, L., Yu, J., Yu, J.: Neref: neural refractive field for fluid surface reconstruction and rendering. In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography (ICCP), pp. 1\u201311 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCP56744.2023.10233838","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCP56744.2023.10233838"},{"key":"23_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Martinez Esturo, J., Mirzaei, A., Moenne-Loccoz, N., Gojcic, Z.: 3dgut: enabling distorted cameras and secondary rays in gaussian splatting. In: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2025)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02425"},{"key":"23_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiong, J., Heidrich, W.: In-the-wild single camera 3d reconstruction through moving water surfaces. In: 2021 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 12538\u201312547 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01233","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01233"},{"key":"23_CR31","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Zeng, Z., Gu, C., Zhu, X., Zhang, L.: Reflective gaussian splatting. In: ICLR (2025)"},{"key":"23_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, Z., Li, W., Liu, S., Qiao, P., Dou, Y.: ABSGS: recovering fine details for 3d gaussian splatting (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3664647.3681361"},{"key":"23_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeonghun, Y., Hojoon, J., Jaeyoon, L., Taegwan, K., Gyuhyun, K., Choi, J.: Through the water: refractive gaussian splatting for water surface scenes. AAAI (2026)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v40i14.38197"},{"key":"23_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Sattler, T., Geiger, A.: Gaussian opacity fields: efficient adaptive surface reconstruction in unbounded scenes. ACM Trans. Graph. (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3687937"},{"key":"23_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhan, Y., Nobuhara, S., Nishino, K., Zheng, Y.: Nerfrac: neural radiance fields through refractive surface. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 18402\u201318412 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01687"},{"key":"23_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Isola, P., Efros, A.A., Shechtman, E., Wang, O.: The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric. In: CVPR (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00068"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2026"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-37261-1_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:11:58Z","timestamp":1789121518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-37261-1_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"ISBN":["9783032372604","9783032372611"],"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-37261-1_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ECCV","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Computer Vision","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Malm\u00f6","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Sweden","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 September 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 September 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"19","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"eccv2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/eccv.ecva.net\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}