{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:00:59Z","timestamp":1789916459057,"version":"4.0.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783032391490","type":"print"},{"value":"9783032391506","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-39150-6_33","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:16:20Z","timestamp":1789913780000},"page":"574-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overview of\u00a0PAN 2026: Voight-Kampff Generative AI Detection, Text Watermarking, Multi-author Writing Style Analysis, Generative Plagiarism Detection, and\u00a0Reasoning Trajectory Detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Janek","family":"Bevendorff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Fr\u00f6be","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Greiner-Petter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jakoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Mayerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preslav","family":"Nakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Plutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Potthast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh Ngoc","family":"Ta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Zangerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"33_CR1","unstructured":"Agirrezabal, M.: manexagirrezabal at PAN 2026: machine Learning for Detecting texts automatically generated by AI. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR2","unstructured":"Albani, M.A., Sonbol, R.: Generalizable AI authership verification via adverserial longformer: beyond seen LLMs. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR3","unstructured":"Aldous, K., Zaghouani, W.: Team LatentAuthors at PAN 2026: DeBERTa with genre-aware fine-tuning for AI Text Detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR4","unstructured":"Alkayyem, F., Alkhateeb, T., Sonbol, R., Alhossny, R.: Team ENGsTF at PAN 2026: hybrid sparse-dense retrieval with two-stage score fusion for generative plagiarism detection. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR5","unstructured":"Alqarni, Y., AlGhamdi, F.: Team RADAR at PAN 2026: robust adversarial-resistant AI text detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR6","unstructured":"Antoszewska, Z., Bry\u0142a, N.M., Szczerba, A.V.: Team suspiciously coherent at PAN 2026: we stacked two qwens and hoped for the best. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayele, A.A., et al.: Overview of PAN 2024: multi-author writing style analysis, multilingual text detoxification, oppositional thinking analysis, and generative AI authorship verification. In: Goeuriot, L., et al., (eds.) Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction. 15th International Conference of the CLEF Association (CLEF 2024), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 14959, pp. 231\u2013259. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-71908-0_11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-71908-0_11"},{"key":"33_CR8","unstructured":"Basava, H., Gustineli, M.: Fine-tuning fundamentals and data augmentation: DS@GT ARC at voight-kampff 2026. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR9","unstructured":"Bedratyuk, L.: Team bedratiuk-lab at PAN 2026: from embedding similarity to semantic canonization for generated plagiarism detection. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bevendorff, J., et al.: Overview of PAN 2025: voight-kampff generative AI detection, multilingual text detoxification, multi-author writing style analysis, and generative plagiarism detection. In: de\u00a0Albornoz, J.C., et al., (eds.) Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference of the CLEF Association (CLEF 2025), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 16089, pp. 388\u2013411. Springer, New York (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04354-2_21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04354-2_21"},{"key":"33_CR11","unstructured":"Bevendorff, J., Gunti, R.R., Karlgren, J., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the third \u201cVoight-Kampff\u201d Generative AI \/ LLM detection task at PAN and ELOQUENT 2026. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevendorff, J., Stein, B., Hagen, M., Potthast, M.: Generalizing unmasking for short texts. In: 14th Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL 2019), pp. 654\u2013659, Association for Computational Linguistics (2019). https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/N19-1068\/","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N19-1068"},{"key":"33_CR13","unstructured":"Bevendorff, J., et al.: Overview of the \u201cVoight-Kampff\u201d generative AI authorship verification task at PAN and ELOQUENT 2025. In: Faggioli, G., Ferro, N., Rosso, P., Spina, D. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2025 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 4038, pp. 3504\u20133534, CEUR-WS.org (2025). https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-4038\/paper_277.pdf"},{"key":"33_CR14","unstructured":"Bevendorff, J., et al.: Overview of the \u201cVoight-Kampff\u201d generative AI authorship verification task at PAN and ELOQUENT 2024. In: Faggioli, G., Ferro, N., Galu\u0161\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1, P., Garc\u00eda Seco de Herrera, A. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2024 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 3740, pp. 2486\u20132506, CEUR-WS.org (2024). http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-3740\/paper-225.pdf"},{"key":"33_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevendorff, J., Wiegmann, M., Richter, E., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: The two paradigms of LLM detection: authorship attribution vs. authorship verification. In: Che, W., Nabende, J., Shutova, E., Pilehvar, M. (eds.) The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025) (Findings), pp. 3762\u20133787, Association for Computational Linguistics (2025). https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2025.findings-acl.194\/. ISBN 979-8-89176-256-5,","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.findings-acl.194"},{"key":"33_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi, C., et al.: Linq-embed-mistral technical report. CoRR abs\/2412.03223 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2412.03223","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2412.03223"},{"key":"33_CR17","unstructured":"Cody, L.K., Panzitt, P.F., Cox, J.E.: Team JLP at PAN 2026: span-based hybrid source retrieval for generative plagiarism detection. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR18","unstructured":"Condrey, D.: Writerslogic at PAN 2026: process over content for robust detection under domain shift. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR19","unstructured":"Du, W., et al.: The challenge of teaching reasoning to LLMs without RL or distillation. ArXiv preprint arXiv:2507.09850 (2025). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2507.09850"},{"key":"33_CR20","unstructured":"Elsayed, A., Mohammed, E., El-Makky, N., Torki, M.: Team narrators at PAN 2026: StyleGate: Dual-Branch LoRA on DeBERTa-v3 for multi-author writing style analysis. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR21","unstructured":"Elshamy, H., Elsayed, M., Torki, M., ElMakky, N.: Team AlexU at PAN 2026: improving watermark fidelity via sentence-level generation chunking. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR22","unstructured":"Elshamy, H., Elsayed, M., Torki, M., ElMakky, N.: Team AlexU at PAN 2026: robust KGW watermarking via self-referential hashing and amplified bias. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR23","unstructured":"Espin-Riofrio, C., Montejo-R\u00e1ez, A., Lara-Jama, J., Castro-Illescas, J.: Team sinai at PAN 2026: combining stylometric embeddings and IDF features for generative AI text detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR24","unstructured":"Fawzy, M., El-Makky, N., Torki, M.: Team aimoment at PAN 2026: content-agnostic contrastive stylometry for multi-author writing style analysis. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR25","unstructured":"Francis, W.N.: Brown Corpus Manual (1979). http:\/\/icameuib.no\/brown\/bcm.html"},{"key":"33_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6be, M., et al.: Continuous integration for reproducible shared tasks with TIRA.io. In: Advances in Information Retrieval. 45th European Conference on IR Research (ECIR 2023), pp. 236\u2013241. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, New York (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28241-6_20"},{"key":"33_CR27","unstructured":"Gagala, L.: Team avocadobeans at PAN 2026: style change detection with DeBERTa, evidence aggregation and sentence length embedding. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR28","unstructured":"Grattafiori, A., Dubey, A., Jauhri, A., Pandey, A., Kadian, A., Al-Dahle, A., et\u00a0al.: The Llama 3 Herd of Models (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2407.21783"},{"key":"33_CR29","unstructured":"Greiner-Petter, A., et al.: Overview of the plagiarism detection task at PAN 2026. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR30","unstructured":"Greiner-Petter, A., et al.: Overview of the generative plagiarism detection task at PAN 2025. In: CLEF 2025 Working Notes, CEUR-WS.org (2025)"},{"key":"33_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Greiner-Petter, A., Wu, Y.A., Kitamura, Y., Kim, K.W., Gipp, B.: PAN 2026: generative plagiarism detection test dataset (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20590774","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.20590774"},{"key":"33_CR32","unstructured":"Gunti, R.R., et al.: Overview and joint report of the \u201cVoight-Kampff\u201d task of the ELOQUENT 2026 lab for evaluating generative language model quality. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo, D., et al.: DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning. Nature 645, 633\u2013638 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-025-09422-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09422-z"},{"key":"33_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halvani, O., Winter, C., Graner, L.: On the usefulness of compression models for authorship verification. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, vol. Part F1305. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3098954.3104050","DOI":"10.1145\/3098954.3104050"},{"key":"33_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hans, A., et al.: Spotting LLMs with binoculars: zero-shot detection of machine-generated text. In: Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024, Vienna, Austria, 21-27 July 2024, vol. abs\/2401.12070, pp. 17519\u201317537, OpenReview.net (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2401.12070","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2401.12070"},{"key":"33_CR36","unstructured":"Ibrahim, M.: Team aimoment at PAN 2026: post-hoc synonym watermarking with dual-key type-level detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR37","unstructured":"Ibrahim, M., El-Makky, N., Torki, M.: Team aimoment at PAN 2026: content-agnostic contrastive stylometry for multi-author writing style analysis. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR38","unstructured":"Jia, Y., Liu, J., Kong, L.: Team FOSU at PAN 2026: generative AI text detection via part-of-speech style injection pre-training. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR39","unstructured":"Kamthankar, S., Yardi, A.: Team SPCRC at PAN 2026: multi-encoder ensemble with sequential BiLSTM refinement for style change detection. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum. CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR40","unstructured":"Kestemont, M., et al.: Overview of the author identification task at PAN 2018: cross-domain authorship attribution and style change detection. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2018 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2018)"},{"key":"33_CR41","unstructured":"Khalasi, P.: Team rheaveaura at PAN 2026: stylometric-enhanced sentence embeddings for multi-author writing style change detection. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR42","unstructured":"Khelfaoui, A., Sileo, D., Loiseau, G.: Team ULILLE at PAN 2026: task-routed ettin cross-encoders for multi-author writing style analysis. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR43","unstructured":"Kirchenbauer, J., Geiping, J., Wen, Y., Katz, J., Miers, I., Goldstein, T.: A watermark for large language models. In: Krause, A., Brunskill, E., Cho, K., Engelhardt, B., Sabato, S., Scarlett, J. (eds.) International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2023, 23-29 July 2023, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 17061\u201317084, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, PMLR (2023). https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v202\/kirchenbauer23a.html"},{"key":"33_CR44","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs, A., Shi, Y.: AK-YS at PAN 2026: towards robust machine-generated text detection under domain shift and obfuscation. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR45","unstructured":"Li, C., Wang, J., Pan, X., Hong, G., Yang, M.: ReasoningShield: safety detection over reasoning traces of large reasoning models. ArXiv preprint arXiv:2505.17244 (2025). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2505.17244"},{"key":"33_CR46","unstructured":"LI, J., et al.: NuminaMath (2024). https:\/\/github.com\/project-numina\/aimo-progress-prize\/blob\/main\/report\/numina_dataset.pdf"},{"key":"33_CR47","unstructured":"Liu, P., Wang, A.: Team XLBN at PAN 2026: fusion of multi-domain features for generative AI authorship verification. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR48","unstructured":"Liu, Y., et al.: RoBERTa: a robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach. ArXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692 (2019). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1907.11692"},{"key":"33_CR49","unstructured":"Macko, D.: mdok of KInIT: robustly fine-tuned LLM for binary and multiclass AI-generated text detection. In: Faggioli, G., Ferro, N., Rosso, P., Spina, D. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2025 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, vol. 4038, pp. 3819\u20133826. CEUR-WS.org (2025). https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-4038\/paper_307.pdf"},{"key":"33_CR50","unstructured":"Milak, F.B., Fornaroli, S.I., Queralt, M.S.: Turing team at PAN 2026: adversarial data fine-tuned LLM for AI-generated text detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum. CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR51","unstructured":"Nagy, T., Skopar, L.: Team ChatOnly at PAN 2026: hybrid N-Gram and DeBERTa AI detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum. CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR52","unstructured":"Nuovo, E.D., Colla, D., Luong, Q., Ceppi, S.: Team JRC-GENESIS at PAN 2026: SYN2 \u2013 hybrid watermarking via keyed SYNonym substitution and SYNtactic signals. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum. CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR53","unstructured":"OpenAI, Agarwal, S., Ahmad, L., Ai, J., Altman, S., Applebaum, A., et\u00a0al.: gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Card (2025). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2508.10925"},{"key":"33_CR54","unstructured":"Palkovskii, Y., Belov, A.: Team plagiarism-detector.com at PAN 2026: strong detector, moving target \u2013 adversarial augmentation and out-of-distribution findings. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum. CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.J.: BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2002, pp. 311\u2013318. Association for Computational Linguistics, USA (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3115\/1073083.1073135","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"33_CR56","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1as, A., Rodrigo, \u00c1.: A simple measure to assess non-response. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp. 1415\u20131424 (2011). https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/P11-1142.pdf"},{"key":"33_CR57","unstructured":"Plutz, H., Jakoby, A., Bevendorff, J., Fr\u00f6be, M., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the text watermarking task at PAN 2026. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR58","unstructured":"Pudasaini, S., Miralles-Pechu\u00e1n, L., Lillis, D., Salvador, M.L.: shushantatudublin at PAN 2026: robust detection of AI-generated texts via multi-generator and multi-evasion adversarial training. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR59","unstructured":"Qwen Team: Qwen3.5: Towards Native Multimodal Agents (2026). https:\/\/qwen.ai\/blog?id=qwen3.5"},{"key":"33_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosso, P., Rangel, F., Potthast, M., Stamatatos, E., Tschuggnall, M., Stein, B.: Overview of PAN 2016\u2013new challenges for authorship analysis: cross-genre profiling, clustering, diarization, and obfuscation. In: Fuhr, N., et al., (eds.) Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction. 7th International Conference of the CLEF Initiative (CLEF 2016), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9822, pp. 518\u2013538, Springer, New York (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-44564-9_28. ISBN 978-3-319-44564-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44564-9_28"},{"key":"33_CR61","unstructured":"Rudolph, T., Stadelmann, N.: A two-channel watermark: combining simmark and sparse green listing. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR62","unstructured":"Savalam, B., Wiegmann, M.: Pinkey-bw at PAN 2026: robust generative AI authorship detection using RoBERTa and stylometric feature fusion. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwalbach, J., Hetzer, L., Proksch, S.O., Rauh, C., Seb\u0151k, M.: Parllawspeech. (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. GESIS, K\u00f6ln. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7802\/2824 (2025)","DOI":"10.7802\/2824"},{"key":"33_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sculley, D., Brodley, C.E.: Compression and machine learning: a new perspective on feature space vectors. In: Data Compression Conference (DCC\u201906), pp. 332\u2013341, IEEE (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/dcc.2006.13. ISBN 9780769525457, ISSN 1068-0314,2375-03","DOI":"10.1109\/dcc.2006.13"},{"key":"33_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ta, M.N., et al.: FAID: Fine-grained AI-generated text detection using multi-task auxiliary and multi-level contrastive learning. In: Demberg, V., Inui, K., Marquez, L. (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), EACL 2026, pp. 3275\u20133296. Association for Computational Linguistics, Rabat, Morocco (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2026.eacl-long.151. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2026.eacl-long.151\/. ISBN 979-8-89176-380-7","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2026.eacl-long.151"},{"key":"33_CR66","unstructured":"Ta, M.N., Wan, K., Wang, Y., Nakov, P.: Overview of the reasoning trajectory detection task at PAN 2026. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR67","unstructured":"Team, Q.: Qwen2.5: a party of foundation models (2024). https:\/\/qwenlm.github.io\/blog\/qwen2.5\/"},{"key":"33_CR68","unstructured":"Thapaliya, A., Pudasaini, S., Bal, B.K.: eGrantha.ai at PAN 2026: contrastive representation learning for robust generative AI authorship detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR69","unstructured":"Thorat, S.: Team DACTYL at PAN 2026: bayesian data mixing and empirical X-risk minimization for AI-text detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR70","unstructured":"Tschuggnall, M., et al.: Overview of the author identification task at PAN 2017: style breach detection and author clustering. In: CLEF 2017 Labs and Workshops, Notebook Papers (2017)"},{"key":"33_CR71","unstructured":"Tschuggnall, M., et al.: Overview of the author identification task at PAN 2017: style breach detection and author clustering. In: CLEF 2017 Labs and Workshops, Notebook Papers (2017)"},{"key":"33_CR72","unstructured":"Villate, D.: Team david villate at PAN 2026 RoBERTa-LC, length-controlled supervised detection of AI-generated text. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR73","unstructured":"Voulgaraki, A., Zamyshevskaya, A.: Team A&A-detection at PAN 2026: a hybrid ensemble of stylometric, perplexity, and neural features for voight-kampff generative AI detection. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR74","unstructured":"Voznyuk, A., Tammaa, A.: contrastive windowed boundary classification for multi-author writing style analysis. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum. CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR75","unstructured":"\u0160kurla, A.: Team StyleFusion at PAN 2026: DeBERTa meets stylometry. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum. CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR76","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Han, Z., Liu, C., Cao, H.: Team Fosuai at PAN 2026: source retrieval via query-chunk provenance modeling for generative plagiarism detection. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR77","unstructured":"Wei, J., et al.: Emergent abilities of large language models. Trans. Mach. Learn. Res. 2022 (2022). https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=yzkSU5zdwD"},{"key":"33_CR78","unstructured":"Yang, J., Dong, Q.: Team ydong at PAN 2026: detecting machine-generated text via multi-algorithm compression distances and shallow statistics. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR79","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Mayerl, M., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the style change detection task at PAN 2021. In: Faggioli, G., Ferro, N., Joly, A., Maistro, M., Piroi, F. (eds.) CLEF 2021 Labs and Workshops, Notebook Papers, CEUR-WS.org (2021)"},{"key":"33_CR80","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Mayerl, M., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the style change detection task at PAN 2022. In: CLEF 2022 Labs and Workshops, Notebook Papers. CEUR-WS.org (2022)"},{"key":"33_CR81","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Mayerl, M., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the style change detection task at PAN 2023. In: CLEF 2023 Labs and Workshops, Notebook Papers. CEUR-WS.org (2023)"},{"key":"33_CR82","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Mayerl, M., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the multi-author writing style analysis task at PAN 2024. In: Faggioli, G., Ferro, N., Galu\u0161\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1, P., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2024 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2024)"},{"key":"33_CR83","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Mayerl, M., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the multi-author writing style analysis task at PAN 2025. In: Faggioli, G., Ferro, N., Rosso, P., Spina, D. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2025 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 4038, pp. 3568\u20133574. CEUR-WS.org (2025). https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-4038\/paper_279.pdf"},{"key":"33_CR84","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Mayerl, M., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the multi-author writing style analysis task at PAN 2026. In: Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., Salido, E.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 \u2013 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR85","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Mayerl, M., Specht, G., Potthast, M., Stein, B.: Overview of the style change detection task at PAN 2020. In: CLEF 2020 Labs and Workshops, Notebook Papers (2020)"},{"key":"33_CR86","unstructured":"Zangerle, E., Tschuggnall, M., Specht, G., Stein, B., Potthast, M.: Overview of the style change detection task at PAN 2019. In: CLEF 2019 Labs and Workshops, Notebook Papers (2019)"},{"key":"33_CR87","unstructured":"Zeng, Z., Han, Z., , Liang, Z.: Team zhengqiaozeng at PAN 2026: generative AI detection using DeBERTa-v3-large with R-drop regularization and supervised contrastive learning. In: S\u00e1nchez Salido, E., Barr\u00f3n-Cede\u00f1o, A., de\u00a0Herrera, A.G.S., MacAvaney, S., Stru\u00df, J.M. (eds.) Working Notes of CLEF 2026 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CEUR-WS.org (2026)"},{"key":"33_CR88","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Kishore, V., Wu, F., Weinberger, K.Q., Artzi, Y.: BERTScore: evaluating text generation with BERT. In: 8th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2020, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 26-30 April 2020. OpenReview.net (2020). https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=SkeHuCVFDr"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-032-39150-6_33","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:16:53Z","timestamp":1789913813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-032-39150-6_33"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"ISBN":["9783032391490","9783032391506"],"references-count":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-032-39150-6_33","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosure of Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"CLEF","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for European Languages","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Jena","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2026","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"clef2026","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/clef2026.clef-initiative.eu\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}