{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T15:49:48Z","timestamp":1779896988545,"version":"3.53.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319082349","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319082349","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08234-9_169-1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T04:33:12Z","timestamp":1519273992000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["History of Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mehmet Ilker","family":"Berkman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"169-1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allerton, D.: Principles of Flight Simulation. AIAA Education Series, vol. 27. John Wiley and Sons, New York (2009)","DOI":"10.2514\/4.867033"},{"key":"169-1_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendazzi, G.: Animation: A World History. volume 1: Foundations \u2013 the Golden Age. CRC Press (2016)","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315720753"},{"key":"169-1_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3482-9","volume-title":"Panoramic Vision. Monographs in Computer Science","author":"R Benosman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benosman, R., Kang, S.B.: A brief historical perspective on panorama. In: Benosman, R., Kang, S.B. (eds.) Panoramic Vision. Monographs in Computer Science. Springer, New York (2001)"},{"key":"169-1_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bown, J., White, E., Boopalan, A.: Looking for the ultimate display: A brief history of virtual reality. In: Jayne, G., and Bown, J. (eds.) Boundaries of Self and Reality Online: Implications of Digitally Constructed Realities, pp. 239\u2013259 Academic Press (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804157-4.00012-8"},{"key":"169-1_CR4","volume-title":"The Stereoscope; Its History, Theory and Construction, with Its Application to the Fine and Useful Arts and to Education","author":"D Brewster","year":"1856","unstructured":"Brewster, D.: The Stereoscope; Its History, Theory and Construction, with Its Application to the Fine and Useful Arts and to Education. John Murray, London (1856)"},{"key":"169-1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks, F.P., Jr: Walkthrough \u2013 A dynamic graphics system for simulating virtual buildings. In: Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, pp. 9\u201321. ACM, New York (1987)","DOI":"10.1145\/319120.319122"},{"key":"169-1_CR6","unstructured":"Carlson, W.: Computer graphics and computer animation: a retrospective overview. Open course materials from Ohio State Instructors, The Ohio State University Press books. Retrieved from www.osu.pb.unizin.org\/graphicshistory, Accessed 10 Dec 2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"169-1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1145\/129888.129892","volume":"35","author":"C Cruz-Neira","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cruz-Neira, C., Sandin, D.J., DeFanti, T.A., Kenyon, R.V., Hart, J.C.: The CAVE: audio visual experience automatic virtual environment. Commun. ACM. 35(6), 64\u201373 (1992)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"169-1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darken, R.P., Cockayne, W.R., Carmein, D.: The omni-directional treadmill: a locomotion device for virtual worlds. In: Proceedings of the 10th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 213\u2013221. ACM, New York (1997)","DOI":"10.1145\/263407.263550"},{"key":"169-1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabri, D., Falsetti, C., Iezzi, A., Ramazzotti, S., Viola, S.R., Leo, T.: Virtual and augmented reality. In: Handbook on Information Technologies for Education and Training, pp. 113\u2013132 (2008)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74155-8_7"},{"key":"169-1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher, S.S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., Robinett, W.: Virtual environment display system. In: Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, pp. 77\u201387. ACM, New York (1987)","DOI":"10.1145\/319120.319127"},{"key":"169-1_CR11","unstructured":"Furness, T.A.: Introduction. In: Ben, D. (ed.) Sex Drugs and Tessellation: The Truth About Virtual Reality as Revealed in the Pages of Cyberedge Journal, pp. VII\u2013X. CyberEdge Information Services, Oakland (2014)"},{"key":"169-1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garner, T.A.: Echoes of other worlds: sound in virtual reality: past, present and future. Palgrave Macmillan (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65708-0"},{"key":"169-1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-227748-1.50009-3","volume-title":"Virtual Reality Systems","author":"MA Gigante","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gigante, M.A.: Virtual reality: definitions, history and applications. In: Earnshaw, R.A. (ed.) Virtual Reality Systems, pp. 3\u201314. Academic Press, London (1993)"},{"key":"169-1_CR15","volume-title":"Design of an Airborne Helmet Mounted Display","author":"JL Heard","year":"1969","unstructured":"Heard, J.L., Hayes, D.O., Ferrer, J.J., Zilgalvis, A.: Design of an Airborne Helmet Mounted Display. Hughes Aircraft Company, Culver City (1969)"},{"key":"169-1_CR16","volume-title":"3. International Immersive Projection Technology Workshop, 10\/11 May 1999, Center of the Fraunhofer Society Stuttgart IZS","author":"J Ihr\u00e9n","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ihr\u00e9n, J., Frisch, K.J.: The fully immersive cave. In: Bullinger, H.J., Riedel, O. (eds.) 3. International Immersive Projection Technology Workshop, 10\/11 May 1999, Center of the Fraunhofer Society Stuttgart IZS. Springer, Berlin (1999)"},{"key":"169-1_CR17","volume-title":"3D Videocommunication: Algorithms, Concepts and Real-time Systems in Human Centered Communication","author":"WA IJsselsteijn","year":"2005","unstructured":"IJsselsteijn, W.A.: History of telepresence. In: Schreer, O., Kauff, P., Sikora, T. (eds.) 3D Videocommunication: Algorithms, Concepts and Real-time Systems in Human Centered Communication. Wiley, Chichester (2005)"},{"key":"169-1_CR18","volume-title":"Human Walking in Virtual Environments","author":"H Iwata","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iwata, H.: Locomotion interfaces. In: Steinicke, F., Visell, Y., Campos, J., L\u00e9cuyer, A. (eds.) Human Walking in Virtual Environments. Springer, New York (2013)"},{"key":"169-1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwata, H., Fujii, T.: Virtual perambulator: a novel interface device for locomotion in virtual environment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, pp. 60\u201365, IEEE, Santa Clara (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/VRAIS.1996.490511"},{"issue":"1","key":"169-1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2005.5","volume":"25","author":"H Iwata","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iwata, H., Yano, H., Fukushima, H., Noma, H.: CirculaFloor [locomotion interface]. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 25(1), 64\u201367 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"169-1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2792790","volume-title":"The VR Book: Human-centered Design for Virtual Reality","author":"J Jerald","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jerald, J.: The VR Book: Human-centered Design for Virtual Reality. Morgan & Claypool, San Rafael (2015)"},{"key":"169-1_CR23","unstructured":"Knerr, B.W.: Interface issues in the use of virtual environments for dismounted soldier training. Technical Report, Army Research Inst Field Unit, Orlando (2000)"},{"issue":"3","key":"169-1_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2307\/1578043","volume":"18","author":"MW Krueger","year":"1985","unstructured":"Krueger, M.W., Wilson, S.: Videoplace: a report from the Artificial Reality Laboratory. Leonardo. 18(3), 145\u2013151 (1985)","journal-title":"Leonardo"},{"key":"169-1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuka, D., Elias, O., Martins, R., Lindinger, C., Pramb\u00f6ck, A., Jalsovec, A., Maresch, P., H\u00f6rtner, H., Brandl, P.: DEEP SPACE: high resolution VR platform for multi-user interactive narratives. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling: Interactive Storytelling, Guimar\u00e3es, pp. 185\u2013196 (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10643-9_24"},{"key":"169-1_CR26","unstructured":"Lawn, P.: The enhancement of a flight simulator system with teaching and research applications. Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University (1998)"},{"key":"169-1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manjrekar, S., Sandilya, S., Bhosale, D., Kanchi, S., Pitkar, A., Gondhalekar, M.: CAVE: an emerging immersive technology \u2013 a review. In: 2014 UKSim-AMSS 16th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation, pp. 131\u2013136, IEEE, New York (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/UKSim.2014.20"},{"key":"169-1_CR29","unstructured":"Mcgreevy, M.W.: The virtual environment display system. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Technology 2000. 1:3\u20139 (1991)"},{"key":"169-1_CR30","unstructured":"McLellan, H.: Virtual realities. In: Jonassen, D.H. (ed.) Handbook of research for educational communications and technology, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, pp. 461\u2013498 (2004)"},{"key":"169-1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medina, E., Fruland, R., Weghorst, S.: Virtusphere: Walking in a human size VR \u201chamster ball.\u201d In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 52, no. 27, pp. 2102\u20132106. Sage Publications, Los Angeles (2008)","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120805202704"},{"issue":"1","key":"169-1_CR32","first-page":"40","volume":"54","author":"R Patterson","year":"1973","unstructured":"Patterson, R.: Highlights from the history of motion picture formats. Am. Cinematogr. 54(1), 40\u201341 (1973)","journal-title":"Am. Cinematogr."},{"issue":"10","key":"169-1_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.5594\/J00230","volume":"91","author":"HE Reeves","year":"1982","unstructured":"Reeves, H.E.: The development of stereo magnetic recording for film (part I). SMPTE J. 91(10), 947\u2013953 (1982)","journal-title":"SMPTE J."},{"key":"169-1_CR34","series-title":"Cambridge Aerospace Series","volume-title":"Flight Simulation","author":"JM Rolfe","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rolfe, J.M., Staples, K.J.: Flight Simulation Cambridge Aerospace Series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)"},{"key":"169-1_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, M.J., Ehrlich, J.A., Allen, R.C.: Effect of a body model on performance in a virtual environment search task (no. ARI-TR-1087). Technical Report, Army Research Inst for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Alexandria (1998)","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA352026"},{"key":"169-1_CR36","volume-title":"Virtual Environments \u201995. Eurographics","author":"M Slater","year":"1995","unstructured":"Slater, M., Steed, A., Usoh, M.: The virtual treadmill: a naturalistic metaphor for navigation in immersive virtual environments. In: G\u00f6bel, M. (ed.) Virtual Environments \u201995. Eurographics. Springer, Vienna (1995)"},{"key":"169-1_CR37","unstructured":"Spacemice.org: Spaceball product line. spacemice.org\/index.php?title=Spaceball (2016). Accessed 11 Dec 2017"},{"key":"169-1_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinicke, F.: The science and fiction of the ultimate display. In: Being Really Virtual, pp. 19\u201332. Springer International Publishing (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43078-2_2"},{"issue":"1","key":"169-1_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-008-0109-7","volume":"13","author":"RJ Stone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stone, R.J.: Serious games: virtual reality\u2019s second coming? Virtual Real. 13(1), 1\u20132 (2008)","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"issue":"1","key":"169-1_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/38.250916","volume":"14","author":"DJ Sturman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sturman, D.J., Zeltzer, D.: A survey of glove-based input. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 14(1), 30\u201339 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"169-1_CR41","first-page":"506","volume":"2","author":"IE Sutherland","year":"1965","unstructured":"Sutherland, I.E.: The ultimate display. Proc. IFIPS Congress. 2, 506\u2013508 (1965)","journal-title":"Proc. IFIPS Congress"},{"key":"169-1_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutherland, I.E.: A head-mounted three dimensional display. In: Proceedings of the AFIPS \u201968 Fall Joint Computer Conference, Part I San Francisco, California \u2013 December 09 \u2013 11, pp. 757\u2013764 (1968)","DOI":"10.1145\/1476589.1476686"},{"key":"169-1_CR43","volume-title":"Virtual Reality and Technologies for Combat Simulation \u2013 Background Paper, OTA-BP-ISS-136","author":"U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment","year":"1994","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment: Virtual Reality and Technologies for Combat Simulation \u2013 Background Paper, OTA-BP-ISS-136. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1994)"},{"issue":"3","key":"169-1_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/17460654.2011.601165","volume":"9","author":"W Uricchio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uricchio, W.: A \u2018proper point of view\u2019: the panorama and some of its early media iterations. Early Pop. Vis. Cult. 9(3), 225\u2013238 (2011)","journal-title":"Early Pop. Vis. Cult."},{"key":"169-1_CR45","unstructured":"Virtual Reality Society: Who coined the term \u201cvirtual reality\u201d? https:\/\/www.vrs.org.uk\/virtual-reality\/who-coined-the-term.html (2017). Accessed 8 Dec 2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"169-1_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1068\/p7270","volume":"41","author":"NJ Wade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wade, N.J.: Wheatstone and the origins of moving stereoscopic images. Perception. 41(8), 901\u2013924 (2012)","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"169-1_CR47","unstructured":"Waldern, J.: VR the applications and commercialisation. In: Proceedings of AUUG 92 Conference on Maintaining Control in an Open World, Melbourne, 8\u201311 Sept 1992"},{"issue":"6","key":"169-1_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/38.20319","volume":"8","author":"C Ware","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ware, C., Jessome, D.R.: Using the bat: a six-dimensional mouse for object placement. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 8(6), 65\u201370 (1988)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"169-1_CR49","unstructured":"Warwick, G.: Vital Revitalised. Flight International, pp. 31\u201332. www.flightglobal.com\/FlightPDFArchive\/1987\/1987%20-%200369.PDF (1987)"},{"key":"169-1_CR50","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Virtual Reality: Applications and Explorations","author":"S Wyshynski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wyshynski, S., Vincent, J.V.: Full-body unencumbered immersion in virtual worlds (the vivid approach and the Mandala\u00ae VR system). In: Wexelblat, A. (ed.) Virtual Reality: Applications and Explorations, pp. 46\u201365. Academic Press, New York (1993)"},{"key":"169-1_CR51","unstructured":"Youngblut, C., Johnston, R.E., Nash, S.H., Wienclaw, R.A., Will, C.A.: Review of virtual environment interface technology (no. IDA-P-3186). Technical Report, Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria (1996)"},{"key":"169-1_CR52","volume-title":"Stereoscopic Cinema and the Origins of 3-D Film, 1838\u20131952","author":"R Zone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zone, R.: Stereoscopic Cinema and the Origins of 3-D Film, 1838\u20131952. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington (2014)"}],"container-title":["Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08234-9_169-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T08:37:56Z","timestamp":1680683876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08234-9_169-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"ISBN":["9783319082349","9783319082349"],"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08234-9_169-1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2018, 00:00:00","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"16 January 2018, 00:00:00","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"5 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}