{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T04:39:24Z","timestamp":1747802364834,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319137360"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319137377"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13737-7_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T08:37:20Z","timestamp":1426667840000},"page":"69-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measurement of Facial Dynamics for Soft Biometrics"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hamdi","family":"Dibeklio\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert Ali","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furkan","family":"G\u00fcrp\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25948-0_99","volume-title":"Biometric Authentication","author":"AK Jain","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jain, A.K., Dass, S.C., Nandakumar, K.: Soft Biometric Traits for Personal Recognition Systems. In: Zhang, D., Jain, A.K. (eds.) ICBA 2004. LNCS, vol. 3072, pp. 731\u2013738. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)"},{"key":"7_CR2","first-page":"511","volume":"1","author":"P Viola","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viola, P., Jones, M.: Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. CVPR 1, 511\u2013518 (2001)","journal-title":"CVPR"},{"key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhang, Y.: Learning surf cascade for fast and accurate object detection. In: CVPR, pp. 3468\u20133475 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.445"},{"key":"7_CR4","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10593-2_47","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2014","author":"M Mathias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mathias, M., Benenson, R., Pedersoli, M., Van Gool, L.: Face Detection without Bells and Whistles. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014, Part IV. LNCS, vol. 8692, pp. 720\u2013735. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)"},{"key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2163162","volume":"21","author":"H Dibeklio\u011flu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dibeklio\u011flu, H., Salah, A.A., Gevers, T.: A statistical method for 2-d facial landmarking. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing 21, 844\u2013858 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Image Processing"},{"key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1109\/34.927467","volume":"23","author":"T Cootes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cootes, T., Edwards, G., Taylor, C.: Active appearance models. IEEE Trans. on PAMI 23, 681\u2013685 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on PAMI"},{"key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.01.024","volume":"41","author":"D Cristinacce","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cristinacce, D., Cootes, T.: Automatic feature localisation with constrained local models. Pattern Recognition 41, 3054\u20133067 (2008)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"7_CR8","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88693-8_37","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2008","author":"S Milborrow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Milborrow, S., Nicolls, F.: Locating Facial Features with an Extended Active Shape Model. In: Forsyth, D., Torr, P., Zisserman, A. (eds.) ECCV 2008, Part IV. LNCS, vol. 5305, pp. 504\u2013513. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)"},{"key":"7_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, X., De la Torre, F.: Supervised descent method and its applications to face alignment. In: CVPR, pp. 532\u2013539 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.75"},{"key":"7_CR10","unstructured":"Black, M.J., Yacoob, Y.: Tracking and recognizing rigid and non-rigid facial motions using local parametric models of image motion. In: ICCV, pp. 374\u2013381 (1995)"},{"key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourel, F., Chibelushi, C.C., Low, A.A.: Robust facial feature tracking. In: Proc. 11th British Machine Vision Conference (2000)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.14.24"},{"key":"7_CR12","first-page":"611","volume":"1","author":"H Tao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tao, H., Huang, T.: Explanation-based facial motion tracking using a piecewise Bezier volume deformation model. CVPR 1, 611\u2013617 (1999)","journal-title":"CVPR"},{"key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patras, I., Pantic, M.: Particle filtering with factorized likelihoods for tracking facial features. In: IEEE AFGR, pp. 97\u2013102 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301515"},{"key":"7_CR14","first-page":"433","volume":"36","author":"M Pantic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pantic, M., Patras, I.: Dynamics of facial expression: recognition of facial actions and their temporal segments from face profile image sequences. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B. Cybernetics 36, 433\u2013449 (2006)","journal-title":"Cybernetics"},{"key":"7_CR15","first-page":"28","volume":"42","author":"MF Valstar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valstar, M.F., Pantic, M.: Fully automatic recognition of the temporal phases of facial actions. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B. Cybernetics 42, 28\u201343 (2012)","journal-title":"Cybernetics"},{"key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., An, L., Bhanu, B., Thakoor, N.: Improving action units recognition using dense flow-based face registration in video. In: IEEE AFGR, pp. 1\u20138 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553790"},{"key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littlewort, G., Whitehill, J., Wu, T., Fasel, I., Frank, M., Movellan, J., Bartlett, M.: The computer expression recognition toolbox (cert). In: IEEE AFGR, pp. 298\u2013305 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771414"},{"key":"7_CR18","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10593-2_12","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2014","author":"L Zafeiriou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zafeiriou, L., Antonakos, E., Zafeiriou, S., Pantic, M.: Joint Unsupervised Face Alignment and Behaviour Analysis. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014, Part IV. LNCS, vol. 8692, pp. 167\u2013183. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)"},{"key":"7_CR19","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10593-2_10","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2014","author":"LA Jeni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeni, L.A., L\\H{o}rincz, A., Szab\u00f3, Z., Cohn, J.F., Kanade, T.: Spatio-temporal Event Classification Using Time-Series Kernel Based Structured Sparsity. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014, Part IV. LNCS, vol. 8692, pp. 135\u2013150. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)"},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., Tian, Y., Liu, Q., Metaxas, D.N.: Segment and recognize expression phase by fusion of motion area and neutral divergence features. In: IEEE AFGR, pp. 330\u2013335 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771419"},{"key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuce, A., Sorci, M., Thiran, J.P.: Improved local binary pattern based action unit detection using morphological and bilateral filters. In: IEEE AFGR, pp. 1\u20137 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553773"},{"key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1110","volume":"29","author":"G Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Dynamic texture recognition using local binary patterns with an application to facial expressions. IEEE Trans. on PAMI 29, 915\u2013928 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on PAMI"},{"key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.10","volume":"2","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., De la Torre, F., Cohn, J.F., Zhang, Y.J.: Dynamic cascades with bidirectional bootstrapping for action unit detection in spontaneous facial behavior. IEEE Trans. on Affective Computing 2, 79\u201391 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Affective Computing"},{"key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.11.025","volume":"47","author":"S Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan, S., Aggarwal, J.: Spontaneous facial expression recognition: A robust metric learning approach. Pattern Recognition 47, 1859\u20131868 (2014)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e9n\u00e9chal, T., Turcot, J., El Kaliouby, R.: Smile or smirk? automatic detection of spontaneous asymmetric smiles to understand viewer experience. In: IEEE AFGR, pp. 1\u20138 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553776"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girard, J.M., Cohn, J.F., Mahoor, M.H., Mavadati, S., Rosenwald, D.P.: Social risk and depression: Evidence from manual and automatic facial expression analysis. In: IEEE AFGR, pp. 1\u20138 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553748"},{"key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya, H., Salah, A.A.: Eyes whisper depression: A cca based multimodal approach. ACM Multimedia (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654978"},{"key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, X., Zhang, S., Yu, Y., Dunbar, N., Jensen, M., Burgoon, J.K., Metaxas, D.N.: Automated analysis of interactional synchrony using robust facial tracking and expression recognition. In: IEEE AFGR, 1\u20136 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553802"},{"key":"7_CR29","unstructured":"Ekman, P.: Telling lies. Cues to deceit in the marketplace, politics, and marriage. WW. Norton & Company, New York (1992)"},{"key":"7_CR30","volume-title":"The Facial Action Coding System: A Technique For The Measurement of Facial Movement","author":"P Ekman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ekman, P., Friesen, W.: The Facial Action Coding System: A Technique For The Measurement of Facial Movement. Consulting Psychologists Press Inc., San Francisco, CA (1978)"},{"key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00987191","volume":"6","author":"P Ekman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Felt, false, and miserable smiles. J. Nonverbal. Behav. 6, 238\u2013252 (1982)","journal-title":"J. Nonverbal. Behav."},{"key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velleman, P.F.: Definition and comparison of robust nonlinear data smoothing algorithms. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 609\u2013615 (1980)","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1980.10477521"},{"key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dibeklio\u011flu, H., Gevers, T., Salah, A.A., Valenti, R.: A smile can reveal your age: Enabling facial dynamics in age estimation. ACM Multimedia, 209\u2013218 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2393347.2393382"},{"key":"7_CR34","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33712-3_38","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2012","author":"H Dibeklio\u011flu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dibeklio\u011flu, H., Salah, A.A., Gevers, T.: Are You Really Smiling at Me? Spontaneous versus Posed Enjoyment Smiles. In: Fitzgibbon, A., Lazebnik, S., Perona, P., Sato, Y., Schmid, C. (eds.) ECCV 2012, Part III. LNCS, vol. 7574, pp. 525\u2013538. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)"},{"key":"7_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dibeklio\u011flu, H., Salah, A.A., Gevers, T.: Like father, like son: Facial expression dynamics for kinship verification. In: ICCV, pp. 1497\u20131504 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.189"},{"key":"7_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohn, J.F., Schmidt, K.L.: The timing of facial motion in posed and spontaneous smiles. Int. J. of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 2, 121\u2013132 (2004)","DOI":"10.1142\/S021969130400041X"},{"key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dibeklio\u011flu, H., Valenti, R., Salah, A.A., Gevers, T.: Eyes do not lie: Spontaneous versus posed smiles. ACM Multimedia, 703\u2013706 (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1873951.1874056"},{"key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfister, T., Li, X., Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Differentiating spontaneous from posed facial expressions within a generic facial expression recognition framework. In: ICCV Workshops, pp. 868\u2013875 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2011.6130343"},{"key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00591373","volume":"342","author":"R Sanders","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sanders, R.: Torsional elasticity of human skin in vivo. Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 342, 255\u2013260 (1973)","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv European Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15921","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607551103","volume":"103","author":"G Peleg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peleg, G., Katzir, G., Peleg, O., Kamara, M., Brodsky, L., Hel-Or, H., Keren, D., Nevo, E.: Hereditary family signature of facial expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, 15921\u201315926 (2006)","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"7_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.159","volume":"27","author":"H Peng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peng, H., Long, F., Ding, C.: Feature selection based on mutual information criteria of max-dependency, max-relevance, and min-redundancy. IEEE Trans. on PAMI 27, 1226\u20131238 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on PAMI"},{"key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, R., Tang, K.D., Snavely, N., Chen, T.: Towards computational models of kinship verification. In: IEEE ICIP, pp. 1577\u20131580 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5652590"},{"key":"7_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2012.2187468","volume":"61","author":"G Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo, G., Wang, X.: Kinship measurement on salient facial features. IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement 61, 2322\u20132325 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"7_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Lu, J., Hu, J., Shang, Y.: Gabor-based gradient orientation pyramid for kinship verification under uncontrolled environments. ACM Multimedia, 725\u2013728 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2393347.2396297"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Face and Facial Expression Recognition from Real World Videos"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-13737-7_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T02:16:37Z","timestamp":1747793797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-13737-7_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"ISBN":["9783319137360","9783319137377"],"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-13737-7_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}