{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:42:02Z","timestamp":1767339722122,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319168166"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319168173"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16817-3_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T02:30:47Z","timestamp":1429151447000},"page":"33-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Spontaneous Subtle Expression Recognition: Imbalanced Databases and Solutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Anh Cat","family":"Le Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael Chung-Wei","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","unstructured":"Frank, M., Herbasz, M., Sinuk, K., Keller, A., Nolan, C.: I see how you feel: training laypeople and professionals to recognize fleeting emotions. In: The Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, Sheraton New York, New York City (2009)"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195327939.003.0008","volume-title":"The Philosophy of Deception","author":"P Ekman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ekman, P.: Lie catching and microexpressions. In: Martin, C. (ed.) The Philosophy of Deception, pp. 118\u2013133. Oxford University, Oxford (2009)"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2002.40102000083.x","volume":"41","author":"JM Gottman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gottman, J.M., Levenson, R.W.: A two-factor model for predicting when a couple will divorce: exploratory analyses using 14-year longitudinal data*. Fam. Process 41, 83\u201396 (2002)","journal-title":"Fam. Process"},{"key":"3_CR4","volume-title":"Microexpression Training Tool (METT)","author":"P Ekman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ekman, P.: Microexpression Training Tool (METT). University of California, San Francisco (2002)"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfister, T., Li, X., Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Recognising spontaneous facial micro-expressions. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 1449\u20131456. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126401"},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, W.J., Wu, Q., Liu, Y.J., Wang, S.J., Fu, X.: Casme database: a dataset of spontaneous micro-expressions collected from neutralized faces. In: 2013 10th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), pp. 1\u20137. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553799"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086041","volume":"9","author":"WJ Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan, W.J., Li, X., Wang, S.J., Zhao, G., Liu, Y.J., Chen, Y.H., Fu, X.: CASME II: an improved spontaneous micro-expression database and the baseline evaluation: an improved spontaneous micro-expression database and the baseline evaluation. PloS one 9, e86041 (2014)","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucey, P., Cohn, J.F., Kanade, T., Saragih, J., Ambadar, Z., Matthews, I.: The extended cohn-kanade dataset (ck+): a complete dataset for action unit and emotion-specified expression. In: 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 94\u2013101. IEEE (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5543262"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.08.005","volume":"27","author":"C Shan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shan, C., Gong, S., McOwan, P.W.: Facial expression recognition based on local binary patterns: a comprehensive study. Image Vis. Comput. 27, 803\u2013816 (2009)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1995.1004","volume":"61","author":"TF Cootes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cootes, T.F., Taylor, C.J., Cooper, D.H., Graham, J.: Active shape models-their training and application. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 61, 38\u201359 (1995)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1110","volume":"29","author":"G Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Dynamic texture recognition using local binary patterns with an application to facial expressions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 29, 915\u2013928 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(88)90016-9","volume":"6","author":"A Goshtasby","year":"1988","unstructured":"Goshtasby, A.: Image registration by local approximation methods. Image Vis. Comput. 6, 255\u2013261 (1988)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Towards a practical lipreading system. In: 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 137\u2013144. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995345"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.250598","volume":"29","author":"S Yan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yan, S., Xu, D., Zhang, B., Zhang, H.J., Yang, Q., Lin, S.: Graph embedding and extensions: a general framework for dimensionality reduction. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 29, 40\u201351 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X., Cai, D., Yan, S., Zhang, H.J.: Neighborhood preserving embedding. In: Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1208\u20131213. IEEE (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.167"},{"key":"3_CR16","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Advances in Pattern Recognition - ICAPR 2001","author":"T Ojala","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ojala, T., Pietik\u00e4inen, M., M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4, T.: A generalized local binary pattern operator for multiresolution gray scale and rotation invariant texture classification. In: Singh, S., Murshed, N., Kropatsch, W.G. (eds.) ICAPR 2001. LNCS, vol. 2013, p. 397. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)"},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Pfister, T., Huang, X., Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: A spontaneous micro-expression database: Inducement, collection and baseline. In: 2013 10th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), pp. 1\u20136. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553717"},{"key":"3_CR18","volume-title":"Human feelings: Explorations in Affect Development and Meaning","author":"LR Brody","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brody, L.R., Brody, L.R.: On understanding gender differences in the expression of emotion. In: Ablon, S.L., Brown, D., Khantzian, E.J., Mack, J.E. (eds.) Human feelings: Explorations in Affect Development and Meaning. Analytic Press, Hillsdale (1993)"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torralba, A., Efros, A.A.: Unbiased look at dataset bias. In: 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 1521\u20131528. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995347"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aytar, Y., Zisserman, A.: Tabula rasa: model transfer for object category detection. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 2252\u20132259. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126504"},{"key":"3_CR21","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33718-5_12","volume-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2012","author":"A Khosla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khosla, A., Zhou, T., Malisiewicz, T., Efros, A.A., Torralba, A.: Undoing the damage of dataset bias. In: Fitzgibbon, A., Lazebnik, S., Perona, P., Sato, Y., Schmid, C. (eds.) ECCV 2012, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7572, pp. 158\u2013171. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)"},{"key":"3_CR22","unstructured":"Appel, R., Fuchs, T., Doll\u00e1r, P., Perona, P.: Quickly boosting decision trees-pruning underachieving features early. In: JMLR Workshop and Conference Proceedings, vol. 28, pp. 594\u2013602 (2013). (JMLR)"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00186-007-0161-1","volume":"66","author":"J Gorski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gorski, J., Pfeuffer, F., Klamroth, K.: Biconvex sets and optimization with biconvex functions: a survey and extensions. Math. Methods Oper. Res. 66, 373\u2013407 (2007)","journal-title":"Math. Methods Oper. Res."},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000016","volume":"3","author":"S Boyd","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boyd, S., Parikh, N., Chu, E., Peleato, B., Eckstein, J.: Distributed optimization and statistical learning via the alternating direction method of multipliers. Found. Trends Mach. Learn. 3, 1\u2013122 (2011)","journal-title":"Found. Trends Mach. Learn."},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, W.S., Torre, F.D.L., Cohn, J.F.: Selective transfer machine for personalized facial action unit detection. In: 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 3515\u20133522. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.451"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2009.03.002","volume":"45","author":"M Sokolova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sokolova, M., Lapalme, G.: A systematic analysis of performance measures for classification tasks. Inf. Process. Manag. 45, 427\u2013437 (2009)","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, W., Yang, Q., Xue, G.R., Yu, Y.: Boosting for transfer learning. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 193\u2013200. ACM (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1273496.1273521"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Vision -- ACCV 2014"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-16817-3_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T16:30:16Z","timestamp":1747931416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-16817-3_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"ISBN":["9783319168166","9783319168173"],"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-16817-3_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}