{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T03:40:02Z","timestamp":1748403602586,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":157,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783319187495"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783319187501"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18750-1_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T05:19:16Z","timestamp":1432617556000},"page":"217-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Advanced Computing with Words: Status and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jerry M.","family":"Mendel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Rajati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2004.01.002","volume":"37","author":"S Aja-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aja-Fern\u00e1ndez, S., de Luis-Garc\u0131a, R., Mart\u0131n-Fern\u00e1ndez, M.A., Alberola-L\u00f3pez, C.: A computational TW3 classifier for skeletal maturity assessment. A computing with words approach. J. Biomed. Inf. 37(2), 99\u2013107 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inf."},{"key":"12_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azadeh, A., Saberi, M., Atashbar, N.Z., Chang, E., Pazhoheshfar, P.: Z-AHP: a Z-number extension of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. In Proceedings of 2013 7th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST), pp. 141\u2013147. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/DEST.2013.6611344"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR3","first-page":"27","volume":"19","author":"G Beliakov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beliakov, G., Bouchon-Meunier, B., Kacprzyk, J., Kovalerchuk, B., Kreinovich, V., Mendel, J.M.: Computing with words (CWW): role of fuzzy, probability and measurement concepts, and operations. Mathw. Soft Comput. Mag. 19(2), 27\u201345 (2013)","journal-title":"Mathw. Soft Comput. Mag."},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berzal, F., Martin-Bautista, M.J., Vila, M.A., Larsen, H.L.: Computing with words in information retrieval. In: Joint 9th IFSA world congress and 20th Nafips International Conference, pp. 3088\u20133092. IEEE (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2001.943721"},{"issue":"supp01","key":"12_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488507004480","volume":"15","author":"F Berzal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berzal, F., Cubero, J.C., Mar\u00edn, N., Vila, M.A., Kacprzyk, J., Zadro\u017cny, S.: A general framework for computing with words in object-oriented programming. Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst. 15(supp01), 111\u2013131 (2007)","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"12_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgin, A., Hagras, H., Malibari, A., Alhaddad, M.J., Alghazzawi, D.: A general type-2 fuzzy logic approach for adaptive modeling of perceptions for computing with words. In: 12th UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/UKCI.2012.6335769"},{"key":"12_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgin, A., Hagras H., Malibari, A., Alhaddad, M.J., Alghazzawi, D.: Towards a linear general type-2 fuzzy logic based approach for computing with words. Soft Computing (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2013.6622373"},{"key":"12_CR8","first-page":"24","volume":"4","author":"B Brown","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brown, B., Chui, M., Manyika, J.: Are you ready for the era of big data? McKinsey Q. 4, 24\u201335 (2011)","journal-title":"McKinsey Q."},{"key":"12_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bustince, H., Montero, J., Pagola, M., Barrenechea, E., Gomez, D.: A survey of interval-valued fuzzy sets. Handbook of Granular Computing (2008)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470724163.ch22"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2009.2035816","volume":"18","author":"Y Cao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Chen, G.: A fuzzy petri-nets model for computing with words. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 18(3), 486\u2013499 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2007.896301","volume":"15","author":"Y Cao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Ying, M., Chen, G.: Retraction and generalized extension of computing with words. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 15(6), 1238\u20131250 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2010.10.005","volume":"165","author":"I Couso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Couso, I., S\u00e1nchez, L.: Upper and lower probabilities induced by a fuzzy random variable. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 165(1), 1\u201323 (2011)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-111X(199903)14:3<295::AID-INT4>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"14","author":"AR de Soto","year":"1999","unstructured":"de Soto, A.R., Trillas, E.: On antonym and negate in fuzzy logic. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 14(3), 295\u2013303 (1999)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/int.20123","volume":"21","author":"M Delgado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Delgado, M., Duarte, O., Requena, I.: An arithmetic approach for the computing with words paradigm. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 21(2), 121\u2013142 (2006)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177698950","volume":"38","author":"AP Dempster","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dempster, A.P.: Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping. Annals Math. Stat. 38(2), 325\u2013339 (1967)","journal-title":"Annals Math. Stat."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-613X(00)88944-6","volume":"20","author":"T Den\u0153ux","year":"1999","unstructured":"Den\u0153ux, T.: Reasoning with imprecise belief structures. Int. J. Approx. Reason. 20(1), 79\u2013111 (1999)","journal-title":"Int. J. Approx. Reason."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(98)00405-9","volume":"116","author":"T Den\u0153ux","year":"2000","unstructured":"Den\u0153ux, T.: Modeling vague beliefs using fuzzy-valued belief structures. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 116(2), 167\u2013199 (2000)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2007.05.008","volume":"172","author":"T Den\u0153ux","year":"2008","unstructured":"Den\u0153ux, T.: Conjunctive and disjunctive combination of belief functions induced by nondistinct bodies of evidence. Artif. Intell. 172(2), 234\u2013264 (2008)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"12_CR19","unstructured":"Disabled World. Height chart of men and women in different countries. http:\/\/www.disabled-world.com\/artman\/publish\/height-chart.shtml (2008)"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(87)90163-1","volume":"21","author":"W-M Dong","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dong, W.-M., Wong, F.S.: Fuzzy weighted averages and implementation of the extension principle. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 21(2), 183\u2013199 (1987)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.02.061","volume":"37","author":"H Doukas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Doukas, H., Karakosta, C., Psarras, J.: Computing with words to assess the sustainability of renewable energy options. Expert Syst. Appl. 37(7), 5491\u20135497 (2010)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550010204","volume":"1","author":"D Dubois","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Prade, H.: On the unicity of dempster rule of combination. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 1(2), 133\u2013142 (1986a)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/03081078608934937","volume":"12","author":"D Dubois","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Prade, H.: A set-theoretic view of belief functions logical operations and approximations by fuzzy sets. Int. J. Gen. Syst. 12(3), 193\u2013226 (1986b)","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00279.x","volume":"4","author":"D Dubois","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Prade, H.: Representation and combination of uncertainty with belief functions and possibility measures. Comput. Intell. 4(3), 244\u2013264 (1988)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/91.771085","volume":"7","author":"J Dunyak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dunyak, J., Saad, I.W., Wunsch, D.: A theory of independent fuzzy probability for system reliability. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 7(3), 286\u2013294 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.09.069","volume":"39","author":"C Fu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fu, C., Yang, S.: The combination of dependence-based interval-valued evidential reasoning approach with balanced scorecard for performance assessment. Expert Syst. Appl. 39(3), 3717\u20133730 (2012a)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.05.048","volume":"223","author":"C Fu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fu, C., Yang, S.: An evidential reasoning based consensus model for multiple attribute group decision analysis problems with interval-valued group consensus requirements. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 223(1), 167\u2013176 (2012b)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"12_CR28","unstructured":"Gomide, F., Pedrycz, W.: A relational framework for approximate reasoning in truth space. In: Joint 9th IFSA World Congress and 20th Nafips International Conference, 2001, vol. 3, pp. 1604\u20131607. IEEE (2001)"},{"key":"12_CR29","unstructured":"Guadarrama, S.: A contribution to computing with words and perceptions. Ph.D dissertation, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid (2007)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(98)00333-9","volume":"117","author":"YY Guh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guh, Y.Y., Hon, C.C., Lee, E.S.: Fuzzy weighted average: the linear programming approach via Charnes and Cooper\u2019s rule. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 117(1), 157\u2013160 (2001)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-011-0956-6","volume":"195","author":"S Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han, S., Mendel, J.M.: A new method for managing the uncertainties in evaluating multi-person multi-criteria location choices, using a perceptual computer. Ann. Oper. Res. 195(1), 277\u2013309 (2012)","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2048113","volume":"18","author":"TC Havens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Havens, T.C., Keller, J.M., Popescu, M.: Computing with words with the ontological self-organizing map. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 18(3), 473\u2013485 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"T Heath","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heath, T., Bizer, C.: Linked data: evolving the web into a global data space. Synth. Lect. Semant. Web: Theory Technol. 1(1), 1\u2013136 (2011)","journal-title":"Synth. Lect. Semant. Web: Theory Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1109\/91.890332","volume":"8","author":"F Herrera","year":"2000","unstructured":"Herrera, F., Mart\u00ednez, L.: A 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model for computing with words. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 8(6), 746\u2013752 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.915345","volume":"31","author":"F Herrera","year":"2001","unstructured":"Herrera, F., Mart\u00ednez, L.: A model based on linguistic 2-tuples for dealing with multigranular hierarchical linguistic contexts in multi-expert decision-making. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., Part B: Cybern. 31(2), 227\u2013234 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., Part B: Cybern."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-009-9065-2","volume":"8","author":"F Herrera","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herrera, F., Alonso, S., Chiclana, F., Herrera-Viedma, E.: Computing with words in decision making: foundations, trends and prospects. Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Making 8(4), 337\u2013364 (2009)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Making"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20308","volume":"57","author":"E Herrera-Viedma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herrera-Viedma, E., Pasi, G., Lopez-Herrera, A.G., Porcel, C.: Evaluating the information quality of web sites: a methodology based on fuzzy computing with words. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 57(4), 538\u2013549 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1109\/21.256541","volume":"23","author":"JSR Jang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jang, J.S.R.: ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 23(3), 665\u2013685 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/03081070108960702","volume":"30","author":"J Kacprzyk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kacprzyk, J., Yager, R.R.: Linguistic summaries of data using fuzzy logic. Int. J. Gen. Syst. 30(2), 133\u2013154 (2001)","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Syst."},{"issue":"supp01","key":"12_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488501001010","volume":"9","author":"J Kacprzyk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kacprzyk, J., Zadro\u017cny, S.: Computing with words in decision making through individual and collective linguistic choice rules. Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst. 9(supp01), 89\u2013102 (2001)","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2040480","volume":"18","author":"J Kacprzyk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kacprzyk, J., Zadro\u017cny, S.: Computing with words is an implementable paradigm: fuzzy queries, linguistic data summaries, and natural-language generation. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 18(3), 461\u2013472 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"7","key":"12_CR42","first-page":"2807","volume":"8","author":"B Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang, B., Wei, D., Li, Y., Deng, Y.: Decision making using Z-numbers under uncertain environment. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 8(7), 2807\u20132814 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"12_CR43","unstructured":"Kanga, B., Weia, D., Lia, Y., Denga, Y.: A method of converting Z-number to classical fuzzy number. J. Inf. Comput. Sci. (2012)"},{"key":"12_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khorasani, E.S., Rahimi, S., Calvert, W.: Formalization of generalized constraint language: a crucial prelude to computing with words. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern.-Part B: Cybern. (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2012.2204743"},{"key":"12_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khorasani, E.S., Rahimi, S., Patel, P., Houle D.: Cwjess: Implementation of an expert system shell for computing with words. In: 2011 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), pp. 33\u201339 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/IRI.2011.6009580"},{"key":"12_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khorasani, E.S., Patel, P., Rahimi, S., Houle, D.: An inference engine toolkit for computing with words. J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput. (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-012-0137-8"},{"issue":"11","key":"12_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1109\/12.324566","volume":"43","author":"B Kosko","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kosko, B.: Fuzzy systems as universal approximators. IEEE Trans. Comput. 43(11), 1329\u20131333 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1571-0661(04)80713-8","volume":"82","author":"B Kostek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kostek, B.: \u201cComputing with words\u201d concept applied to musical information retrieval. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 82(4), 141\u2013152 (2003)","journal-title":"Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"supp01","key":"12_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488501000958","volume":"9","author":"J Lawry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lawry, J.: An alternative approach to computing with words. Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst. 9(supp01), 3\u201316 (2001)","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"12_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2013.08.024","volume":"64","author":"K-H Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, K.-H., Bang, J.-H., Lee, I.-M., Shin, Y.-J.: Use of fuzzy probability theory to assess spalling occurrence in underground openings. Int. J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci. 64, 60\u201367 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR51","first-page":"345","volume":"37","author":"W-X Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, W.-X., Liu, S.-J., Li, J.-F., Ji, Z.-H., Wang, Q., Yin, X.: Ground movement analysis in deep iron mine using fuzzy probability theory. Appl. Math. Model. 37(1), 345\u2013356 (2013)","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2007.896229","volume":"16","author":"F Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu, F., Mendel, J.M.: Aggregation using the fuzzy weighted average as computed by the Karnik-Mendel algorithms. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 16(1), 1\u201312 (2008a)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2008.2005002","volume":"16","author":"F Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu, F., Mendel, J.M.: Encoding words into interval type-2 fuzzy sets using an interval approach. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 16(6), 1503\u20131521 (2008b)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR54","first-page":"396","volume":"3","author":"J Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, J., Mart\u0131nez, L., Wang, H., Rodr\u0131guez, R.M., Novozhilov, V.: Computing with words in risk assessment. Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst. 3(4), 396\u2013419 (2010)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1109\/91.771083","volume":"7","author":"C Lucas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lucas, C., Araabi, B.N.: Generalization of the Dempster-Shafer theory: a fuzzy-valued measure. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 7(3), 255\u2013270 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"7209","key":"12_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/455028a","volume":"455","author":"C Lynch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lynch, C.: Big data: how do your data grow? Nature 455(7209), 28\u201329 (2008)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"12_CR57","unstructured":"MacRumors: news and rumors you care about. What\u2019s the lifespan of an iPad. http:\/\/forums.macrumors.com\/showthread.php?t=1339480 (2012)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(75)80002-2","volume":"7","author":"EH Mamdani","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mamdani, E.H., Assilian, S.: An experiment in linguistic synthesis with a fuzzy logic controller. Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud. 7(1), 1\u201313 (1975)","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2004.825083","volume":"12","author":"M Margaliot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Margaliot, M., Langholz, G.: Fuzzy control of a benchmark problem: a computing with words approach. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 12(2), 230\u2013235 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"12_CR60","unstructured":"Marhamati, N., Patel, P., Althobaiti, Y., Khorasani, E.S., Rahimi, S.: Revisiting linguistic approximation for computing with words. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International FLAIRS Conference (2013)"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1080\/03081070600861123","volume":"35","author":"O Martin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martin, O., Klir, G.J.: On the problem of retranslation in computing with perceptions. Int. J. Gen. Syst. 35(6), 655\u2013674 (2006)","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR62","first-page":"382","volume":"3","author":"L Mart\u0131nez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mart\u0131nez, L., Ruan, D., Herrera, F.: Computing with words in decision support systems: an overview on models and applications. Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst. 3(4), 382\u2013395 (2010)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1109\/5.364485","volume":"83","author":"JM Mendel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M.: Fuzzy logic systems for engineering: a tutorial. Proc. IEEE 83(3), 345\u2013377 (1995)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"12_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M.: The perceptual computer: an architecture for computing with words. In: Proceedings of The 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, FUZZ-IEEE 2001, vol. 1, pp. 35\u201338 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ.2001.1007239"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR65","first-page":"325","volume":"12","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M.: An architecture for making judgments using computing with words. Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 12(3), 325\u2013336 (2002)","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2007.9066897","volume":"2","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M.: Computing with words: Zadeh, Turing, Popper and Occam. IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag. 2(4), 10\u201317 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/91.995115","volume":"10","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M., John, R.I.: Type-2 fuzzy sets made simple. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 10(2), 117\u2013127 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"12_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470599655","volume-title":"Perceptual Computing: Aiding People in Making Subjective Judgments","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M., Wu, D.: Perceptual Computing: Aiding People in Making Subjective Judgments. Wiley-IEEE Press, Hoboken (2010)"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2047961","volume":"18","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M., Lawry, J., Zadeh, L.A.: Foreword to the special section on computing with words. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 18(3), 437\u2013440 (2010a)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2009.934561","volume":"5","author":"JM Mendel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mendel, J.M., Zadeh, L.A., Trillas, E., Yager, R.R., Lawry, J., Hagras, H., Guadarrama, S.: What computing with words means to me [discussion forum]. IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag. 5(1), 20\u201326 (2010b)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag."},{"key":"12_CR71","unstructured":"Minitab. Technical support document: distribution models for reliability data. http:\/\/www.minitab.com\/support\/documentation\/Answers\/Reliability_Distribution.pdf (2013)"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488597000257","volume":"5","author":"HT Nguyen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nguyen, H.T., Kreinovich, V., Zuo, Q.: Interval-valued degrees of belief: applications of interval computations to expert systems and intelligent control. Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst. 5(3), 317\u2013358 (1997)","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2007.902025","volume":"16","author":"A Niewiadomski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Niewiadomski, A.: A type-2 fuzzy approach to linguistic summarization of data. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 16(1), 198\u2013212 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"12_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nov\u00e1k, V., Murinov\u00e1, P.: Intermediate quantifiers of natural language and their syllogisms. In: Proceedings of World Conference on Soft Computing, pp. 178\u2013184 (2011)","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814401531_0091"},{"key":"12_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pal, S.K., Polkowski, L., Skowron, A.: Rough neural computing: techniques for computing with words. Springer, Berlin (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18859-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2013-831","volume":"124","author":"SK Pal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pal, S.K., Banerjee, R., Dutta, S., Sarma, S.S.: An insight into the Z-number approach to cww. Fundamenta Informaticae 124(1), 197\u2013229 (2013)","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"12_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, P., Khorasani, E.S., Rahimi, S.: An API for generalized constraint language based expert system. In: Proceedings of 2012 annual meeting of the north american fuzzy information processing society (NAFIPS), pp. 1\u20136 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2012.6290997"},{"key":"12_CR78","unstructured":"Pedrycz, W. 1993. Fuzzy control and fuzzy systems (2nd edition). Research Studies Press Ltd"},{"key":"12_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedrycz, W. 2005. Knowledge-based clustering: from data to information granules. John Wiley & Sons","DOI":"10.1002\/0471708607"},{"key":"12_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polkowski, L., Skowron, A.: Calculi of granules based on rough set theory: approximate distributed synthesis and granular semantics for computing with words. In: New Directions in Rough Sets, Data Mining, and Granular-Soft Computing, pp. 20\u201328. Springer Berlin (1999)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-48061-7_5"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcss.2004.08.006","volume":"70","author":"D Qiu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qiu, D., Wang, H.: A probabilistic model of computing with words. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 70(2), 176\u2013200 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Mendel, J.M.: Lower and upper probability calculations using compatibility measures for solving Zadeh\u2019s challenge problems. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (Fuzz-IEEE), pp. 1\u20138 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2012.6250767"},{"key":"12_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Mendel, J.M.: Solving Zadeh\u2019s Swedes and Italians challenge problem. In: Proceedings of 2012 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (Nafips), pp. 1\u20136 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2012.6291027"},{"key":"12_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Mendel, J.M.: Advanced computing with words using syllogistic reasoning and arithmetic operations on linguistic belief structures. In: Proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (IEEE-FUZZ) (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2013.6622525"},{"key":"12_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Mendel, J.M.: Modeling linguistic probabilities and linguistic quantifiers using interval type-2 fuzzy sets. In: Proceedings of 2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS), pp. 327\u2013332 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608421"},{"key":"12_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.12.022","volume":"235","author":"MR Rajati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Mendel, J.M.: Novel weighted averages versus normalized sums in computing with words. Inf. Sci. 235, 130\u2013149 (2013c)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Mendel, J.M.: On advanced computing with words using the generalized extension principle for type-1 fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. (2013d). Accepted for publication","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2013.2287028"},{"key":"12_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Mendel, J.M., Wu, D.: Solving Zadeh\u2019s Magnus challenge problem on linguistic probabilities via linguistic weighted averages. In: Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (IEEE Fuzz), pp. 2177\u20132184 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2011.6007614"},{"key":"12_CR89","unstructured":"Rajati, M.R., Wu, D., Mendel, J.M.: On solving Zadeh\u2019s tall Swedes problem. In: Proceedings of 2011 World Conference on Soft Computing (2011)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.03.004","volume":"50","author":"M Reformat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reformat, M., Ly, C.: Ontological approach to development of computing with words based systems. Int. J. Approx. Reason. 50(1), 72\u201391 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. J. Approx. Reason."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.775267","volume":"29","author":"SH Rubin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rubin, S.H.: Computing with words. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern. 29(4), 518\u2013524 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(96)00063-2","volume":"84","author":"E Sanchez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sanchez, E.: Truth-qualification and fuzzy relations in natural languages, application to medical diagnosis. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 84(2), 155\u2013167 (1996)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"12_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schilling, M.F., Watkins, A.E., Watkins, W.: Is human height bimodal? Am. Stat. 56(3): 223\u2013229. http:\/\/www.biostat.jhsph.edu\/bstcourse\/bio751\/papers\/bimodalHeight.pdf","DOI":"10.1198\/00031300265"},{"key":"12_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, D.G.: A logic for qualified syllogisms. In: Advance Trends in Soft Computing. Studies in fuzziness and soft computing, pp. 33\u201346. Springer, Cham (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03674-8_4"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1109\/34.55104","volume":"12","author":"P Smets","year":"1990","unstructured":"Smets, P.: The combination of evidence in the transferable belief model. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(5), 447\u2013458 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2006.04.003","volume":"8","author":"P Smets","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smets, P.: Analyzing the combination of conflicting belief functions. Inf. Fusion 8(4), 387\u2013412 (2007)","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.02.017","volume":"36","author":"W-S Tai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tai, W.-S., Chen, C.-T.: A new evaluation model for intellectual capital based on computing with linguistic variable. Expert Syst. Appl. 36(2), 3483\u20133488 (2009)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"12_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takagi, T., Sugeno, M.: Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. (1985)","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1985.6313399"},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.1983.5221727","volume":"32","author":"H Tanaka","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tanaka, H., Fan, L.T., Lai, F.S., Toguchi, K.: Fault-tree analysis by fuzzy probability. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 32(5), 453\u2013457 (1983)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Reliab."},{"key":"12_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trillas, E., Moraga, C., Guadarrama, S., Cubillo, S., Casti\u00f1eira, E. Computing with antonyms. In: Nikravesh, M., Kacprzyk, J., Zadeh, L.A. (eds.) Forging New Frontiers: Fuzzy Pioneers I. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 217, pp. 133\u2013153. Springer, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73182-5_7"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.03.002","volume":"177","author":"IB T\u00fcrk\u015fen","year":"2007","unstructured":"T\u00fcrk\u015fen, I.B.: Meta-linguistic axioms as a foundation for computing with words. Inf. Sci. 177(2), 332\u2013359 (2007)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR102","unstructured":"Wang, F.-Y., Lin, Y., Pu, J.B.: Linguistic dynamic systems and computing with words for complex systems. In: IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern. 4, 2399\u20132404. IEEE (2000)"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2003.819841","volume":"11","author":"H Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang, H., Qiu, D.: Computing with words via turing machines: a formal approach. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 11(6), 742\u2013753 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2006.889844","volume":"15","author":"J-H Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang, J.-H., Hao, J.: An approach to computing with words based on canonical characteristic values of linguistic labels. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 15(4), 593\u2013604 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"12_CR105","volume-title":"Adaptive Fuzzy Systems and Control: Design and Stability Analysis","author":"L-X Wang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wang, L.-X.: Adaptive Fuzzy Systems and Control: Design and Stability Analysis. Prentice-Hall Inc., Prentice (1994)"},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2003.819839","volume":"11","author":"L-X Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang, L.-X.: The WM method completed: a flexible fuzzy system approach to data mining. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 11(6), 768\u2013782 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1109\/72.159070","volume":"3","author":"LX Wang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wang, L.X., Mendel, J.M.: Fuzzy basis functions, universal approximation, and orthogonal least-squares learning. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 3(5), 807\u2013814 (1992a)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw."},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1109\/21.199466","volume":"22","author":"LX Wang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wang, L.X., Mendel, J.M.: Generating fuzzy rules by learning from examples. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 22(6), 1414\u20131427 (1992b)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"12_CR109","volume-title":"Computing with Words","author":"PP Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang, P.P.: Computing with Words. Wiley, New York (2001)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2007.903316","volume":"16","author":"S-Y Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, S.-Y.: Applying 2-tuple multigranularity linguistic variables to determine the supply performance in dynamic environment based on product-oriented strategy. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 16(1), 29\u201339 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"03","key":"12_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793351X10001061","volume":"4","author":"Y Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, Y.: On concept algebra for computing with words (CWW). Int. J. Semant. Comput. 4(03), 331\u2013356 (2010)","journal-title":"Int. J. Semant. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2007.896325","volume":"15","author":"D Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu, D., Mendel, J.M.: Aggregation using the linguistic weighted average and interval type-2 fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 15(6), 1145\u20131161 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"12_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.12.010","volume":"179","author":"D Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu, D., Mendel, J.M.: A comparative study of ranking methods, similarity measures and uncertainty measures for interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Inf. Sci. 179(8), 1169\u20131192 (2009a)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"12_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2009.2032652","volume":"17","author":"D Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu, D., Mendel, J.M.: Perceptual reasoning for perceptual computing: A similarity-based approach. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 17(6), 1397\u20131411 (2009b)","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2043439","volume":"18","author":"D Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu, D., Mendel, J.M.: Computing with words for hierarchical decision making applied to evaluating a weapon system. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 18(3), 441\u2013460 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2010.2088128","volume":"19","author":"D Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu, D., Mendel, J.M.: Linguistic summarization using if-then rules and interval type-2 fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 19(1), 136\u2013151 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2011.2177272","volume":"20","author":"D Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, D., Mendel, J.M., Coupland, S.: Enhanced interval approach for encoding words into interval type-2 fuzzy sets and its convergence analysis. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 20(3), 499\u2013513 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(82)90031-7","volume":"28","author":"RR Yager","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: Generalized probabilities of fuzzy events from fuzzy belief structures. Inf. Sci. 28(1), 45\u201362 (1982a)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(82)90033-0","volume":"28","author":"RR Yager","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: A new approach to the summarization of data. Inf. Sci. 28(1), 69\u201386 (1982b)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(86)80066-9","volume":"25","author":"RR Yager","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: Arithmetic and other operations on dempster-shafer structures. Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud. 25(4), 357\u2013366 (1986)","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(87)90007-7","volume":"41","author":"RR Yager","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: On the dempster-shafer framework and new combination rules. Inf. Sci. 41(2), 93\u2013137 (1987)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: Approximate reasoning as a basis for computing with words. In: Zadeh, L.A., Kacprzyk, J. (eds.) Computing with Words in Information\/Intelligent Systems 1, pp. 50\u201377. Springer, Berlin (1999)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1873-4_3"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/int.1020","volume":"16","author":"RR Yager","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: Dempster-Shafer belief structures with interval valued focal weights. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 16(4), 497\u2013512 (2001)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2003.821866","volume":"34","author":"RR Yager","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: On the retranslation process in Zadeh\u2019s paradigm of computing with words. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern. 34(2), 1184\u20131195 (2004a)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern."},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2004.831154","volume":"34","author":"RR Yager","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: OWA aggregation over a continuous interval argument with applications to decision making. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern. 34(5), 1952\u20131963 (2004b)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21521","volume":"27","author":"RR Yager","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yager, R.R.: On Z-valuations using Zadeh\u2019s Z-numbers. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 27(3), 259\u2013278 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.752789","volume":"29","author":"RR Yager","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yager, R.R., Filev, D.P.: Induced ordered weighted averaging operators. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern. 29(2), 141\u2013150 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B: Cybern."},{"issue":"8","key":"12_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/int.10126","volume":"18","author":"MS Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang, M.S., Chen, T.C., Wu, K.L.: Generalized belief function, plausibility function, and Dempster\u2019s combinational rule to fuzzy sets. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 18(8), 925\u2013937 (2003)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1109\/21.57269","volume":"20","author":"J Yen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yen, J.: Generalizing the dempster-schafer theory to fuzzy sets. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 20(3), 559\u2013570 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"5","key":"12_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2002.803497","volume":"10","author":"M Ying","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ying, M.: A formal model of computing with words. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 10(5), 640\u2013652 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"12_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, W., Guan, D., Lee, S., Lee, Y.-K.: A reputation system based on computing with words. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, pp. 132\u2013137. ACM (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1280940.1280968"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8(3), 338\u2013353 (1965)","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-247X(68)90078-4","volume":"23","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1968","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Probability measures of fuzzy events. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 23(2), 421\u2013427 (1968)","journal-title":"J. Math. Anal. Appl."},{"key":"12_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision processes. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. (1973)","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1973.5408575"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90036-5","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1975","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning-I. Inf. Sci. 8(3), 199\u2013249 (1975a)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"12_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00485052","volume":"30","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1975","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning. Synthese 30(3\u20134), 407\u2013428 (1975b)","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(78)90029-5","volume":"1","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1978","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 1(1), 3\u201328 (1978)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"12_CR138","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets and information granularity. In: Gupta, M., Ragade, R.K., Yager, R.R. (eds.) Advances in Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications, vol. 11, pp. 3\u201318. Elsevier, North-Holland (1979)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0898-1221(83)90013-5","volume":"9","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: A computational approach to fuzzy quantifiers in natural languages. Comput. Math. Appl. 9(1), 149\u2013184 (1983)","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"12_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Precisiation of meaning via translation into PRUF. In: Cognitive Constraints on Communication, pp. 373\u2013401. Springer, Berlin (1984)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-9188-6_21"},{"key":"12_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1985.6313459","volume":"15","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1985","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Syllogistic reasoning in fuzzy logic and its application to usuality and reasoning with dispositions. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 15, 754\u2013763 (1985)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1109\/91.493904","volume":"4","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy logic $$=$$ computing with words. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 4(2), 103\u2013111 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR143","first-page":"73","volume":"22","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: A new direction in AI\u2014toward a computational theory of perceptions. AI Mag. 22(1), 73\u201384 (2001a)","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05718.x","volume":"929","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: From computing with numbers to computing with words. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 929(1), 221\u2013252 (2001b)","journal-title":"Ann. New York Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3758(01)00212-9","volume":"105","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Toward a perception-based theory of probabilistic reasoning with imprecise probabilities. J. Stat. Plan. Inference 105(1), 233\u2013264 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Stat. Plan. Inference"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR146","first-page":"74","volume":"25","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Precisiated natural language (PNL). AI Mag. 25(3), 74 (2004)","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"key":"12_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: From computing with numbers to computing withwords-from manipulation of measurements to manipulation of perceptions. In: Vanderveken, D. (ed.) Logic, Thought and Action. Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, vol. 2, pp. 507\u2013544. Springer, Berlin (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3167-X_23"},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.01.017","volume":"172","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Toward a generalized theory of uncertainty (GTU)-an outline. Inf. Sci. 172(1), 1\u201340 (2005)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2006.04.029","volume":"51","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Generalized theory of uncertainty (GTU)-principal concepts and ideas. Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 51(1), 15\u201346 (2006)","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal."},{"issue":"13","key":"12_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.02.012","volume":"178","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Is there a need for fuzzy logic? Inf. Sci. 178(13), 2751\u20132779 (2008)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"12_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.02.022","volume":"181","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: A note on Z-numbers. Inf. Sci. 181(14), 2923\u20132932 (2011)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Computing with words: principal concepts and ideas. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 277. Springer, Berlin (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27473-2"},{"key":"12_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.06.003","volume":"248","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Toward a restriction-centered theory of truth and meaning (RCT). Inf. Sci. 248, 1\u201314 (2013)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A., Kacprzyk, J.: Computing with Words in Information\/Intelligent Systems 1: Foundations, vol. 1. Springer, Berlin (1999)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1873-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.07.017","volume":"176","author":"S Zadro\u017cny","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zadro\u017cny, S., Kacprzyk, J.: Computing with words for text processing: an approach to the text categorization. Inf. Sci. 176(4), 415\u2013437 (2006)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR156","first-page":"411","volume":"12","author":"C Zhou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhou, C.: Fuzzy-arithmetic-based lyapunov synthesis in the design of stable fuzzy controllers: a computing-with-words approach. Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 12, 411\u2013421 (2002)","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"12_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, C., Yang, Y., Jia, X.: Incorporating perception-based information in reinforcement learning using computing with words. In: Bio-Inspired Applications of Connectionism, pp. 476\u2013483. Springer, Berlin (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45723-2_57"}],"container-title":["Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing","Towards the Future of Fuzzy Logic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18750-1_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T03:02:31Z","timestamp":1748401351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18750-1_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"ISBN":["9783319187495","9783319187501"],"references-count":157,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18750-1_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-9922","1860-0808"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1434-9922"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1860-0808"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}