{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:09:51Z","timestamp":1775261391699,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":125,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783319325507","type":"print"},{"value":"9783319325521","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_70","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T19:03:33Z","timestamp":1469646213000},"page":"1875-1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Human\u2013Robot Augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Bergamasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Herr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"70_CR1","volume-title":"Abstracting Craft: The Practiced Digital Hand","author":"M. McCullough","year":"1998","unstructured":"M. McCullough: Abstracting Craft: The Practiced Digital Hand (MIT, Cambridge 1998)"},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1109\/21.52555","volume":"20","author":"H. Kazerooni","year":"1990","unstructured":"H. Kazerooni: Human-robot interaction via the transfer of power and information signals, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 20(2), 450\u2013463 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/378254","volume":"6","author":"A. Frisoli","year":"2009","unstructured":"A. Frisoli, F. Salsedo, M. Bergamasco, B. Rossi, M.C. Carboncini: A force-feedback exoskeleton for upper-limb rehabilitation in virtual reality, Appl. Bionics Biomech. 6(2), 115\u2013126 (2009)","journal-title":"Appl. Bionics Biomech."},{"key":"70_CR4","first-page":"433","volume-title":"ASME Int. Cong. Mech. Eng.","author":"J.E. Colgate","year":"1996","unstructured":"J.E. Colgate, J. Edward, M.A. Peshkin, W. Wannasuphoprasit: Cobots: Robots for collaboration with human operators, ASME Int. Cong. Mech. Eng. (1996) pp. 433\u2013440"},{"key":"70_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30301-5_34","volume-title":"Handbook of Robotics","author":"H. Kazerooni","year":"2008","unstructured":"H. Kazerooni: Exoskeletons for human performance augmentation. In: Handbook of Robotics, ed. by B. Siciliano, O. Khatib (New York, Springer 2008) pp. 773\u2013793"},{"issue":"1","key":"70_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2008.915453","volume":"24","author":"A.M. Dollar","year":"2008","unstructured":"A.M. Dollar, H. Herr: Lower extremity exoskeletons and active orthoses: Challenges and state-of-the-art, IEEE Trans. Robotics 24(1), 144\u2013158 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robotics"},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2008.07.0087","volume":"46","author":"R. Kobetic","year":"2009","unstructured":"R. Kobetic, C.S. To, J.R. Schnellenberger, M.L. Audu, T.C. Bulea, R. Gaudio, G. Pinault, S. Tashman, R.J. Triolo: Development of hybrid orthosis for standing, walking, stair climbing after spinal cord injury, J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 46(3), 447\u2013462 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"70_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-21","volume":"6","author":"H. Herr","year":"2009","unstructured":"H. Herr: Exoskeletons and orthoses: Classification, design challenges and future directions, J. NeuroEng. Rehabil. 6, 21 (2009)","journal-title":"J. NeuroEng. Rehabil."},{"key":"70_CR9","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Proc. 1st IEEE Jt. Eurohaptics Conf.\/Symp. Haptic Interfaces Virt. Environ. Teleoperator Syst.","author":"A. Frisoli","year":"2005","unstructured":"A. Frisoli, F. Rocchi, S. Marcheschi, A. Dettori, F. Salsedo, M. Bergamasco: A new force-feedback arm exoskeleton for haptic interaction in virtual environments, Proc. 1st IEEE Jt. Eurohaptics Conf.\/Symp. Haptic Interfaces Virt. Environ. Teleoperator Syst. (2005) pp. 195\u2013201"},{"key":"70_CR10","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Proc. 38th Conf. Remote Syst. Technol., Washington","author":"S.C. Jacobsen","year":"1990","unstructured":"S.C. Jacobsen, F.M. Smith, E.K. Iversen, D.K. Backman: High performance, high dexterity, force reflective teleoperator, Proc. 38th Conf. Remote Syst. Technol., Washington (1990) pp. 180\u2013185"},{"key":"70_CR11","first-page":"761","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR)","author":"Y. Ren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Y. Ren, H.S. Park, L.Q. Zhang: Developing a whole-arm exoskeleton robot with hand opening and closing mechanism for upper limb stroke rehabilitation, IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR) (2009) pp. 761\u2013765"},{"issue":"1","key":"70_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024484615192","volume":"15","author":"N.G. Tsagarakis","year":"2003","unstructured":"N.G. Tsagarakis, D.G. Caldwell: Development and control of a\tsoft-actuated exoskeleton for use in physiotherapy and training, Auton. Robots 15(1), 21\u201333 (2003)","journal-title":"Auton. Robots"},{"issue":"4","key":"70_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2007.901934","volume":"12","author":"J.C. Perry","year":"2007","unstructured":"J.C. Perry, J. Rosen, S. Burns: Upper-limb powered exoskeleton design, IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 12(4), 408\u2013417 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron."},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.903903","volume":"15","author":"T.G. Sugar","year":"2007","unstructured":"T.G. Sugar, J. He, E.J. Koeneman, J.B. Koeneman, R. Herman, H. Huang, R.S. Schultz, D.E. Herring, J. Wanberg, S. Balasubramanian, P. Swenson, J.A. Ward: Design and control of rupert: A\u00a0device for robotic upper extremity repetitive therapy, IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 15(3), 336\u2013346 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"70_CR15","first-page":"68","volume-title":"IEEE 10th Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR)","author":"T. Nef","year":"2007","unstructured":"T. Nef, M. Mihelj, G. Kiefer, C. Perndl, R. Muller, R. Riener: Armin-exoskeleton for arm therapy in stroke patients, IEEE 10th Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR) (2007) pp. 68\u201374"},{"key":"70_CR16","first-page":"203","volume":"75","author":"R. Gopura","year":"2016","unstructured":"R. Gopura, D.S.V. Bandara, K. Kiguchi, G.K.I. Mann: Developments in hardware systems of active upper-limb exoskeleton robots: A\u00a0review, J. Appl. Physiol. B 75, 203\u2013220 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. B"},{"key":"70_CR17","first-page":"3721","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"G.M. Prisco","year":"1998","unstructured":"G.M. Prisco, C.A. Avizzano, M. Calcara, S. Ciancio, S. Pinna, M. Bergamasco: A virtual environment with haptic feedback for the treatment of motor dexterity disabilities, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA), Vol. 4 (1998) pp. 3721\u20133726"},{"key":"70_CR18","first-page":"903","volume-title":"18th IEEE Int. Symp. Robot Human Interact. Commun. (RO-MAN)","author":"L.I. Lugo-Villeda","year":"2009","unstructured":"L.I. Lugo-Villeda, A. Frisoli, O. Sandoval-Gonzalez, M.A. Padilla, V. Parra-Vega, C.A. Avizzano, E. Ruffaldi, M. Bergamasco: Haptic guidance of light-exoskeleton for arm-rehabilitation tasks, 18th IEEE Int. Symp. Robot Human Interact. Commun. (RO-MAN) (2009) pp. 903\u2013908"},{"key":"70_CR19","first-page":"3697","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"C. Carignan","year":"2009","unstructured":"C. Carignan, J. Tang, S. Roderick: Development of an exoskeleton haptic interface for virtual task training, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS) (2009) pp. 3697\u20133702"},{"key":"70_CR20","first-page":"188","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR)","author":"R. Vertechy","year":"2009","unstructured":"R. Vertechy, A. Frisoli, A. Dettori, M. Solazzi, M. Bergamasco: Development of a new exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitation, IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR) (2009) pp. 188\u2013193"},{"key":"70_CR21","first-page":"2206","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"K. Kiguchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"K. Kiguchi, T. Tanaka, K. Watanabe, T. Fukuda: Exoskeleton for human upper-limb motion support, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA), Vol. 2 (2003) pp. 2206\u20132211"},{"issue":"5","key":"70_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.04.0070","volume":"43","author":"T. Rahman","year":"2006","unstructured":"T. Rahman, W. Sample, S. Jayakumar, M.M. King, J.Y. Wee, R. Seliktar, M. Alexander, M. Scavina, A. Clark: Passive exoskeletons for assisting limb movement, J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 43(5), 583 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"70_CR23","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE\/ASME Int. Conf. Adv. Intell. Mechatron.","author":"S.J. Ball","year":"2007","unstructured":"S.J. Ball, I.E. Brown, S.H. Scott: MEDARM: A rehabilitation robot with 5DOF at the shoulder complex, IEEE\/ASME Int. Conf. Adv. Intell. Mechatron. (2007) pp. 1\u20136"},{"key":"70_CR24","first-page":"535","volume-title":"2nd IEEE\/RAS\/EMBS Int. Conf. Biomed. Robotics Biomechatron. (BioRob)","author":"J. Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. Klein, S.J. Spencer, J. Allington, K. Minakata, E.T. Wolbrecht, R. Smith, J.E. Bobrow, D.J. Reinkensmeyer: Biomimetic orthosis for the neurorehabilitation of the elbow and shoulder (bones), 2nd IEEE\/RAS\/EMBS Int. Conf. Biomed. Robotics Biomechatron. (BioRob) (2008) pp. 535\u2013541"},{"key":"70_CR25","first-page":"1483","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"P. Garrec","year":"2008","unstructured":"P. Garrec, J.P. Friconneau, Y. Measson, Y. Perrot: ABLE, an innovative transparent exoskeleton for the upper-limb, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS) (2008) pp. 1483\u20131488"},{"key":"70_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3191727","volume":"3","author":"A.M.M. Aalsma","year":"2009","unstructured":"A.M.M. Aalsma, F.C.T. van der Helm, H. van der Kooij: Dampace: Design of an exoskeleton for force-coordination training in upper-extremity rehabilitation, J. Med. Dev. 3, 031003\u201331001 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Med. Dev."},{"key":"70_CR27","first-page":"1506","volume-title":"36th Annu. Conf. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. (IECON)","author":"M.H. Rahman","year":"2010","unstructured":"M.H. Rahman, T.K. Ouimet, M. Saad, J.P. Kenne, P.S. Archambault: Development and control of a\u00a0wearable robot for rehabilitation of elbow and shoulder joint movements, 36th Annu. Conf. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. (IECON) (2010) pp. 1506\u20131511"},{"key":"70_CR28","first-page":"1567","volume-title":"18th Mediterr. Conf. Cont. Autom. (MED)","author":"M.H. Rahman","year":"2010","unstructured":"M.H. Rahman, M. Saad, J.P. Kenne, P.S. Archambault: Exoskeleton robot for rehabilitation of elbow and forearm movements, 18th Mediterr. Conf. Cont. Autom. (MED) (2010) pp. 1567\u20131572"},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2006.875558","volume":"11","author":"A. Gupta","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. Gupta, M.K. O'Malley: Design of a haptic arm exoskeleton for training and rehabilitation, IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 11(3), 280\u2013289 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron."},{"key":"70_CR30","first-page":"234","volume-title":"IEEE 10th Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR)","author":"H. Kawasaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"H. Kawasaki, S. Ito, Y. Ishigure, Y. Nishimoto, T. Aoki, T. Mouri, H. Sakaeda, M. Abe: Development of a hand motion assist robot for rehabilitation therapy by patient self-motion control, IEEE 10th Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR) (2007) pp. 234\u2013240"},{"issue":"5","key":"70_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s12541-012-0107-2","volume":"13","author":"P. Heo","year":"2012","unstructured":"P. Heo, G.M. Gu, S. Lee, K. Rhee, J. Kim: Current hand exoskeleton technologies for rehabilitation and assistive engineering, Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 13(5), 807\u2013824 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf."},{"issue":"4","key":"70_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041014","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024981","volume":"5","author":"M. Fontana","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Fontana, S. Fabio, S. Marcheschi, M. Bergamasco: Haptic hand exoskeleton for precision grasp simulation, ASME J. Mech. Robotics 5(4), 041014 (2013)","journal-title":"ASME J. Mech. Robotics"},{"key":"70_CR33","first-page":"989","volume-title":"IEEE Inter. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern.","author":"C.A. Avizzano","year":"2000","unstructured":"C.A. Avizzano, F. Bargagli, A. Frisoli, M. Bergamasco: The hand force feedback: analysis and control of a haptic device for the human-hand, IEEE Inter. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern., Vol. 2 (2000) pp. 989\u2013994"},{"key":"70_CR34","first-page":"1449","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"M. Bergamasco","year":"1994","unstructured":"M. Bergamasco, B. Allotta, L. Bosio, L. Ferretti, G. Parrini, G.M. Prisco, F. Salsedo, G. Sartini: An arm exoskeleton system for teleoperation and virtual environments applications, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA) (1994) pp. 1449\u20131454"},{"key":"70_CR35","first-page":"862","volume-title":"2nd IEEE\/RAS\/EMBS Int. Conf. Biomed. Robotics Biomechatron. (BioRob)","author":"T. Nef","year":"2008","unstructured":"T. Nef, R. Riener: Shoulder actuation mechanisms for arm rehabilitation exoskeletons, 2nd IEEE\/RAS\/EMBS Int. Conf. Biomed. Robotics Biomechatron. (BioRob) (2008) pp. 862\u2013868"},{"issue":"19","key":"70_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.003970","volume":"210","author":"P. DeVita","year":"2007","unstructured":"P. DeVita, J. Helseth, T. Hortobagyi: Muscles do more positive than negative work in human locomotion, J. Exp. Biol. 210(19), 3361\u20133373 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"70_CR37","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Work. Robot Human Commun.","author":"M. Bergamasco","year":"1992","unstructured":"M. Bergamasco: Design of hand force feedback systems for glove-like advanced interfaces, Proc. IEEE Int. Work. Robot Human Commun. (1992) pp. 286\u2013293"},{"key":"70_CR38","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"A. De Luca","year":"2000","unstructured":"A. De Luca: Feedforward\/feedback laws for the control of flexible robots, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA), Vol. 1 (2000) pp. 233\u2013240"},{"key":"70_CR39","series-title":"Tech. Documentary Rep. AMRL-TDR-62-89","volume-title":"Exploratory Investigation of the Man Amplifier Concept","author":"D.C. Clark","year":"1962","unstructured":"D.C. Clark, N.J. Deleys, C.W. Matheis: Exploratory Investigation of the Man Amplifier Concept, Tech. Documentary Rep. AMRL-TDR-62-89 (Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Buffalo 1962)"},{"key":"70_CR40","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Remote handling devices","author":"A. Zarudiansky","year":"1981","unstructured":"A. Zarudiansky: Remote handling devices, US Patent 4302138 A (1981)"},{"key":"70_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.1988.593687","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Workshop Intell. Robots","author":"B.M. Jau","year":"1988","unstructured":"B.M. Jau: Anthropomorhic exoskeleton dual arm\/hand telerobot controller, IEEE Int. Workshop Intell. Robots (1988) pp. 715\u2013718"},{"issue":"1","key":"70_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.1.18","volume":"1","author":"G. Burdea","year":"1992","unstructured":"G. Burdea, J. Zhuang, E. Roskos, D. Silver, N. Langrana: A portable dextrous master with force feedback, Presence Teleoperators Virt. Environ. 1(1), 18\u201328 (1992)","journal-title":"Presence Teleoperators Virt. Environ."},{"key":"70_CR43","first-page":"2905","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"T. Koyama","year":"2002","unstructured":"T. Koyama, I. Yamano, K. Takemura, T. Maeno: Multi-fingered exoskeleton haptic device using passive force feedback for dexterous teleoperation, Proc. IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS), Vol. 3 (2002) pp. 2905\u20132910"},{"key":"70_CR44","first-page":"2667","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"S. Nakagawara","year":"2005","unstructured":"S. Nakagawara, H. Kajimoto, N. Kawakami, S. Tachi, I. Kawabuchi: An encounter-type multi-fingered master hand using circuitous joints, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA) (2005) pp. 2667\u20132672"},{"key":"70_CR45","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Virt. Real. Annu. Int. Symp.","author":"D. Gomez","year":"1995","unstructured":"D. Gomez, G. Burdea, N. Langrana: Integration of the Rutgers Master II in a virtual reality simulation, Virt. Real. Annu. Int. Symp. (1995) pp. 198\u2013202"},{"key":"70_CR46","first-page":"155","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Mechatron. Autom.","author":"A. Wege","year":"2005","unstructured":"A. Wege, K. Kondak, G. Hommel: Mechanical design and motion control of a hand exoskeleton for rehabilitation, IEEE Int. Conf. Mechatron. Autom., Vol. 1 (2005) pp. 155\u2013159"},{"key":"70_CR47","first-page":"371","volume-title":"IEEE 9th Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR)","author":"M. Mulas","year":"2005","unstructured":"M. Mulas, M. Folgheraiter, G. Gini: An emg-controlled exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation, IEEE 9th Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robotics (ICORR) (2005) pp. 371\u2013374"},{"issue":"1","key":"70_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2009.02.009","volume":"348","author":"S. Ito","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Ito, H. Kawasaki, Y. Ishigure, M. Natsume, T. Mouri, Y. Nishimoto: A design of fine motion assist equipment for disabled hand in robotic rehabilitation system, J. Frankl. Inst. 348(1), 79\u201389 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Frankl. Inst."},{"key":"70_CR49","first-page":"642","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"P. Brown","year":"1993","unstructured":"P. Brown, D. Jones, S.K. Singh, J.M. Rosen: The exoskeleton glove for control of paralyzed hands, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA) (1993) pp. 642\u2013647"},{"issue":"5","key":"70_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.618265","volume":"27","author":"B.L. Shields","year":"1997","unstructured":"B.L. Shields, J.A. Main, S.W. Peterson, A.M. Strauss: An anthropomorphic hand exoskeleton to prevent astronaut hand fatigue during extravehicular activities, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A 27(5), 668\u2013673 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A"},{"key":"70_CR51","first-page":"1406","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"Y. Yamada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Y. Yamada, T. Morizono, S. Sato, T. Shimohira, Y. Umetani, T. Yoshida, S. Aoki: Proposal of a\u00a0Skilmate finger for EVA gloves, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA), Vol. 2 (2001) pp. 1406\u20131412"},{"key":"70_CR52","first-page":"1260","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Biomim. (ROBIO)","author":"J.Y. Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"J.Y. Wang, Z.W. Xie, J.D. Zhao, H.G. Fang, M.H. Jin, H. Liu: An exoskeleton system for measuring mechanical characteristics of extravehicular activity glove joint, IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Biomim. (ROBIO) (2006) pp. 1260\u20131265"},{"key":"70_CR53","volume-title":"Biologically Inspired Intelligent Robots","author":"H. Herr","year":"2003","unstructured":"H. Herr, G.P. Whiteley, D. Childress: Cyborg technology \u2013 Biomimetic orthotic and prosthetic technology. In: Biologically Inspired Intelligent Robots, ed. by Y. Bar-Cohen, C. Breazeal (SPIE, Bellingham 2003)"},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2291903","volume":"22","author":"K. Endo","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Endo, H. Herr: A model of muscle-tendon function in human walking at self-selected speed, IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 22(2), 352\u2013362 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"issue":"1728","key":"70_CR55","first-page":"457","volume":"B 279","author":"H.M. Herr","year":"2012","unstructured":"H.M. Herr, A.M. Grabowski: Bionic ankle\u2013foot prosthesis normalizes walking gait for persons with leg amputation, Proc. R. Soc. B 279(1728), 457\u2013464 (2012)","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc."},{"issue":"23","key":"70_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.23.3717","volume":"205","author":"J.M. Donelan","year":"2002","unstructured":"J.M. Donelan, R. Kram, A.D. Kuo: Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of human walking, J. Exp. Biol. 205(23), 3717\u20133727 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00734.2004","volume":"98","author":"A. Grabowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"A. Grabowski, C.T. Farley, R. Kram: Independent metabolic costs of supporting body weight and accelerating body mass during walking, J. Appl. Physiol. 98(2), 579\u2013583 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200504000-00006","volume":"33","author":"A.D. Kuo","year":"2005","unstructured":"A.D. Kuo, J.M. Donelan, A. Ruina: Energetic consequences of walking like an inverted pendulum: Step-to-step transitions, Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 33(2), 88\u201397 (2005)","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"70_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00699624","volume":"25","author":"R. Margaria","year":"1968","unstructured":"R. Margaria: Positive and negative work performances and their efficiencies in human locomotion, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occupat. Physiol. 25(4), 339\u2013351 (1968)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occupat. Physiol."},{"issue":"175","key":"70_CR60","first-page":"147","volume":"175","author":"D.A. Winter","year":"1983","unstructured":"D.A. Winter: Energy generation and absorption at the ankle and knee during fast, natural, and slow cadences, Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. 175(175), 147 (1983)","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"70_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.01.017","volume":"37","author":"A.H. Hansen","year":"2004","unstructured":"A.H. Hansen, D.S. Childress, S.C. Miff, S.A. Gard, K.P. Mesplay: The human ankle during walking: implications for design of biomimetic ankle prostheses, J. Biomech. 37(10), 1467\u20131474 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2008.927697","volume":"15","author":"S. Au","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. Au, H. Herr: Powered ankle-foot prosthesis, IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag. 15(3), 52\u201359 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag."},{"issue":"8","key":"70_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2006.02.013","volume":"54","author":"D. Paluska","year":"2006","unstructured":"D. Paluska, H. Herr: The effect of series elasticity on actuator power and work output: Implications for robotic and prosthetic joint design, Robotics Auton. Syst. 54(8), 667\u2013673 (2006)","journal-title":"Robotics Auton. Syst."},{"key":"70_CR64","first-page":"253","volume":"223","author":"G. Pratt","year":"1997","unstructured":"G. Pratt, M. Williamson, P. Dillworth, J. Pratt, A. Wright: Stiffness isn't everything, Lect. Notes Control Inf. Sci. 223, 253\u2013262 (1997)","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Control Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"1570","key":"70_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0347","volume":"366","author":"J. Markowitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. Markowitz, P. Krishnaswamy, M.F. Eilenberg, K. Endo, C. Barnhart, H. Herr: Speed adaptation in a powered transtibial prosthesis controlled with a neuromuscular model, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 366(1570), 1621\u20131631 (2011)","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"70_CR66","first-page":"5034","volume-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. (EMBC)","author":"K. Endo","year":"2009","unstructured":"K. Endo, E. Swart, H. Herr: An artificial gastrocnemius for a transtibial prosthesis, Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. (EMBC) (2009) pp. 5034\u20135037"},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2047592","volume":"18","author":"H. Geyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"H. Geyer, H. Herr: A muscle-reflex model that encodes principles of legged mechanics produces human walking dynamics and muscle activities, IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 18(3), 263\u2013273 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"70_CR68","series-title":"Ph.D. Thesis","volume-title":"EMG Control of Prosthetic Ankle Plantar Flexion","author":"J. Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. Wang: EMG Control of Prosthetic Ankle Plantar Flexion, Ph.D. Thesis (MIT, Cambridge 2011)"},{"key":"70_CR69","volume-title":"Starship Troopers","author":"R.A. Heinlein","year":"1987","unstructured":"R.A. Heinlein: Starship Troopers (Ace Books, New York 1987)"},{"key":"70_CR70","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Apparatus for facilitating walking","author":"N. Yagn","year":"1890","unstructured":"N. Yagn: Apparatus for facilitating walking, US Patent 420179 A (1890)"},{"key":"70_CR71","series-title":"Tech. Note","volume-title":"Bumpusher-A Powered Aid to Locomotion","author":"S.J. Zaroodny","year":"1963","unstructured":"S.J. Zaroodny: Bumpusher-A Powered Aid to Locomotion, Tech. Note (Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen 1963)"},{"key":"70_CR72","series-title":"Tech. Rep.","volume-title":"Handyman to Hardiman","author":"R.S. Mosher","year":"1967","unstructured":"R.S. Mosher: Handyman to Hardiman, Tech. Rep. (Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale 1967)"},{"key":"70_CR73","first-page":"402","volume":"1195","author":"M.E. Rosheim","year":"1989","unstructured":"M.E. Rosheim: Man-amplifying exoskeleton, SPIE Proc. Mob. Robots IV 1195, 402\u2013411 (1989)","journal-title":"SPIE Proc. Mob. Robots IV"},{"issue":"8","key":"70_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7210\/jrsj.20.822","volume":"20","author":"E. Garcia","year":"2002","unstructured":"E. Garcia, J.M. Sater, J. Main: Exoskeletons for human performance augmentation (EHPA): A program summary, J. Robotics Soc. Jpn. 20(8), 44\u201348 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Robotics Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"70_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-33453-8_2","volume":"25","author":"H. Kazerooni","year":"2006","unstructured":"H. Kazerooni: The berkeley lower extremity exoskeleton, Springer Tracts. Adv. Robotics 25, 9\u201315 (2006)","journal-title":"Springer Tracts. Adv. Robotics"},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2006.871087","volume":"11","author":"A.B. Zoss","year":"2006","unstructured":"A.B. Zoss, H. Kazerooni, A. Chu: Biomechanical design of the berkeley lower extremity exoskeleton (BLEEX), IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 11(2), 128\u2013138 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron."},{"key":"70_CR77","first-page":"3453","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"K. Amundson","year":"2005","unstructured":"K. Amundson, J. Raade, N. Harding, H. Kazerooni: Hybrid hydraulic-electric power unit for field and service robots, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS) (2005) pp. 3453\u20133458"},{"key":"70_CR78","first-page":"1410","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"C.J. Walsh","year":"2006","unstructured":"C.J. Walsh, K. Pasch, H. Herr: An autonomous, underactuated exoskeleton for load-carrying augmentation, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS) (2006) pp. 1410\u20131415"},{"key":"70_CR79","series-title":"M.A. Thesis","volume-title":"Biomimetic Design of an Under-Actuated Leg Exoskeleton for Load-Carrying Augmentation","author":"C.J. Walsh","year":"2006","unstructured":"C.J. Walsh: Biomimetic Design of an Under-Actuated Leg Exoskeleton for Load-Carrying Augmentation, M.A. Thesis (MIT, Cambridge 2006)"},{"issue":"03","key":"70_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219843607001126","volume":"4","author":"C.J. Walsh","year":"2007","unstructured":"C.J. Walsh, K. Endo, H. Herr: A quasi-passive leg exoskeleton for load-carrying augmentation, Int. J. Hum. Robotics 4(03), 487\u2013506 (2007)","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Robotics"},{"key":"70_CR81","first-page":"495","volume-title":"1st IEEE\/RAS-EMBS Int. Conf. Biomed. Robotics Biomechatron. (BioRob)","author":"N. Costa","year":"2006","unstructured":"N. Costa, D.G. Caldwell: Control of a biomimetic soft-actuated 10DoF lower body exoskeleton, 1st IEEE\/RAS-EMBS Int. Conf. Biomed. Robotics Biomechatron. (BioRob) (2006) pp. 495\u2013501"},{"key":"70_CR82","first-page":"1648","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern.","author":"H. Kawamoto","year":"2003","unstructured":"H. Kawamoto, S. Lee, S. Kanbe, Y. Sankai: Power assist method for HAL-3 using EMG-based feedback controller, IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern., Vol. 2 (2003) pp. 1648\u20131653"},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1299\/jsmec.45.703","volume":"45","author":"K. Yamamoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"K. Yamamoto, K. Hyodo, M. Ishii, T. Matsuo: Development of power assisting suit for assisting nurse labor, JSME Int. J. Ser. C 45(3), 703\u2013711 (2002)","journal-title":"JSME Int. J. Ser. C"},{"key":"70_CR84","first-page":"2430","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"J.E. Pratt","year":"2004","unstructured":"J.E. Pratt, B.T. Krupp, C.J. Morse, S.H. Collins: The roboknee: An exoskeleton for enhancing strength and endurance during walking, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA), Vol. 3 (2004) pp. 2430\u20132435"},{"key":"70_CR85","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Robotics Research","author":"Y. Sankai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Y. Sankai: Hal: Hybrid assistive limb based on cybernics. In: Robotics Research, ed. by M. Kaneko, Y. Nakamura (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2011) pp. 25\u201334"},{"key":"70_CR86","volume-title":"ARO in Review","author":"US\u00a0Army Research Laboratory","year":"2006","unstructured":"US\u00a0Army Research Laboratory, US\u00a0Army Research Office: ARO in Review (USRL\/USRO, Adelphi 2006)"},{"key":"70_CR87","first-page":"2430","volume-title":"Proc. ICRA IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom.","author":"J.E. Pratt","year":"2001","unstructured":"J.E. Pratt, B.T. Krupp, C.J. Morse, S.H. Collins: The RoboKnee: An exoskeleton for enhancing strength and endurance during walking, Proc. ICRA IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom., Vol. 3 (2001) pp. 2430\u20132435"},{"key":"70_CR88","first-page":"3485","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"C.J. Walsh","year":"2006","unstructured":"C.J. Walsh, D. Paluska, K. Pasch, W. Grand, A. Valiente, H. Herr: Development of a lightweight, underactuated exoskeleton for load-carrying augmentation, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA) (2006) pp. 3485\u20133491"},{"key":"70_CR89","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Gait-locomotor apparatus","author":"A. Goffer","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. Goffer: Gait-locomotor apparatus, US Patent 7 153 242 (2006)"},{"key":"70_CR90","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Self contained powered exoskeleton walker for a disabled user","author":"R. Little","year":"2011","unstructured":"R. Little, R.A. Irving: Self contained powered exoskeleton walker for a disabled user, US Patent 20110066088 A1 (2011)"},{"issue":"5","key":"70_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1108\/01439910910980141","volume":"36","author":"R. Bogue","year":"2009","unstructured":"R. Bogue: Exoskeletons and robotic prosthetics: A\u00a0review of recent developments, Ind. Robot Int. J. 36(5), 421\u2013427 (2009)","journal-title":"Ind. Robot Int. J."},{"key":"70_CR92","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Mobile space suit","author":"C.P. Lent","year":"1962","unstructured":"C.P. Lent: Mobile space suit, US Patent 3034131 A (1962)"},{"key":"70_CR93","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Powered exoskeletal apparatus for amplifying human strength in response to normal body movements","author":"N.J. Mizen","year":"1969","unstructured":"N.J. Mizen: Powered exoskeletal apparatus for amplifying human strength in response to normal body movements, US Patent 3449769 A (1969)"},{"key":"70_CR94","series-title":"Tech. Rep. S-71-1056","volume-title":"Hardiman I Prototype for Machine Augmentation of Human Strength and Endurance: Final Report","author":"B.R. Fick","year":"1971","unstructured":"B.R. Fick, J.B. Makinson: Hardiman I Prototype for Machine Augmentation of Human Strength and Endurance: Final Report, Tech. Rep. S-71-1056 (General Electric Comp., Schenectady 1971)"},{"key":"70_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1996.506862","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"T.J. Snyder","year":"1996","unstructured":"T.J. Snyder, H. Kazerooni: A novel material handling system, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA), Vol. 2 (1996) pp. 1147\u20131152"},{"key":"70_CR96","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Cutaneous stimuli sensor and transmission network","author":"B.R. Fick","year":"1970","unstructured":"B.R. Fick: Cutaneous stimuli sensor and transmission network, US Patent 3535711 (1970)"},{"issue":"6","key":"70_CR97","first-page":"270","volume":"2","author":"S.R. Taal","year":"2011","unstructured":"S.R. Taal, Y. Sankai: Exoskeletal spine and shoulders for full body exoskeletons in health care, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res. 2(6), 270\u2013286 (2011)","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"70_CR98","first-page":"2022","volume-title":"Proc. SICE Annu. Conf.","author":"T. Ishida","year":"2010","unstructured":"T. Ishida, T. Kiyama, K. Osuka, G. Shirogauchi, R. Oya, H. Fujimoto: Movement analysis of power-assistive machinery with high strength-amplification, Proc. SICE Annu. Conf. (2010) pp. 2022\u20132025"},{"key":"70_CR99","series-title":"Patent","volume-title":"Contact displacement actuator system","author":"S. Jacobsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. Jacobsen, M. Olivier: Contact displacement actuator system, Patent WO 2008094191 A3 (2008)"},{"key":"70_CR100","first-page":"5801","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"S. Toyama","year":"2009","unstructured":"S. Toyama, G. Yamamoto: Development of wearable-agri-robot\u00a0 mechanism for agricultural work, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS) (2009) pp. 5801\u20135806"},{"key":"70_CR101","series-title":"Patent","volume-title":"Method of sizing actuators for a biomimetic mechanical joint","author":"S. Jacobsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Jacobsen, M. Olivier, B. Maclean: Method of sizing actuators for a biomimetic mechanical joint, Patent WO 2010025419 A3 (2010)"},{"key":"70_CR102","first-page":"611","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"S. Marcheschi","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Marcheschi, F. Salsedo, M. Fontana, M. Bergamasco: Body extender: whole body exoskeleton for human power augmentation, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA) (2011) pp. 611\u2013616"},{"issue":"4","key":"70_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2014.2360287","volume":"21","author":"M. Fontana","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Fontana, R. Vertechy, S. Marcheschi, F. Salsedo, M. Bergamasco: The body extender: A full-body exoskeleton for the transport and handling of heavy loads, IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag. 21(4), 34\u201344 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Robotics Autom. Mag."},{"key":"70_CR104","first-page":"138","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Symp. Robot Human Interact. Commun. (RO-MAN)","author":"G.P. Rosati Papini","year":"2012","unstructured":"G.P. Rosati Papini, C.A. Avizzano: Transparent force control for body extender, IEEE Int. Symp. Robot Human Interact. Commun. (RO-MAN) (2012) pp. 138\u2013143"},{"key":"70_CR105","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"G. Mone","year":"2008","unstructured":"G. Mone: Building the real iron man, Pop. Sci. 4, 1\u20136 (2008)","journal-title":"Pop. Sci."},{"key":"70_CR106","unstructured":"D. Bertrand: Lexosquelette hercule, le futur \u00e0 nos portes, http:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/actualites\/economie-et-technologie\/l-exosquelette-hercule-le-futur-a-nos-portes (2011)"},{"key":"70_CR107","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Device for the automatic control of the articulation of the knee","author":"P. Filippi","year":"1937","unstructured":"P. Filippi: Device for the automatic control of the articulation of the knee, US Patent 2305291 (1937)"},{"issue":"1","key":"70_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02629836","volume":"12","author":"M. Vukobratovic","year":"1974","unstructured":"M. Vukobratovic, D. Hristic, Z. Stojiljkovic: Development of active anthropomorphic exoskeletons, Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 12(1), 66\u201380 (1974)","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3153070","volume":"111","author":"K. Kazerooni","year":"1989","unstructured":"K. Kazerooni: On the robot compliant motion control, J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control. 111(3), 416\u2013425 (1989)","journal-title":"J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control."},{"key":"70_CR110","first-page":"1014","volume-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern.","author":"Y. Uchimura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Y. Uchimura, H. Kazerooni: A \u03bc-synthesis based control for compliant manoeuvres, IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern., Vol. 4 (1999) pp. 1014\u20131019"},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(96)00045-0","volume":"19","author":"H. Kazerooni","year":"1996","unstructured":"H. Kazerooni: The human power amplifier technology at the University of California, Robotics Auton. Syst. 19(2), 179\u2013187 (1996)","journal-title":"Robotics Auton. Syst."},{"key":"70_CR112","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Human power amplifier for lifting load including apparatus for preventing slack in lifting cable","author":"H. Kazerooni","year":"2002","unstructured":"H. Kazerooni: Human power amplifier for lifting load including apparatus for preventing slack in lifting cable, US Patent 6386513 A (2002)"},{"key":"70_CR113","first-page":"2516","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"J.E. Colgate","year":"2003","unstructured":"J.E. Colgate, M. Peshkin, S.H. Klostermeyer: Intelligent assist devices in industrial applications: A review, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS), Vol. 3 (2003) pp. 2516\u20132521"},{"key":"70_CR114","series-title":"US Patent","volume-title":"Method of controlling an intelligent assist device","author":"D. McGee","year":"2001","unstructured":"D. McGee, P. Swanson: Method of controlling an intelligent assist device, US Patent 6204620 A (2001)"},{"key":"70_CR115","first-page":"3459","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"H. Kazerooni","year":"2005","unstructured":"H. Kazerooni: Exoskeletons for human power augmentation, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS) (2005) pp. 3459\u20133464"},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.925661","volume":"31","author":"J. Rosen","year":"2001","unstructured":"J. Rosen, M. Brand, M.B. Fuchs, M. Arcan: A myosignal-based powered exoskeleton system, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A 31(3), 210\u2013222 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A"},{"issue":"843","key":"70_CR117","first-page":"136","volume":"126","author":"A.V. Hill","year":"1938","unstructured":"A.V. Hill: The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle, Proc. R. Soc. B 126(843), 136\u2013195 (1938)","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.20965\/jrm.2004.p0237","volume":"16","author":"S. Kawai","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Kawai, K. Naruse, H. Yokoi, Y. Kakazu: An analysis of human motion for control of a wearable power assist system, J. Robotics Mechatron. 16(3), 237\u2013244 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Robotics Mechatron."},{"key":"70_CR119","first-page":"1499","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS)","author":"S. Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"S. Lee, Y. Sankai: Power assist control for walking aid with HAL-3 based on emg and impedance adjustment around knee joint, IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst. (IROS), Vol. 2 (2002) pp. 1499\u20131504"},{"issue":"10","key":"70_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2005.1515961","volume":"42","author":"E. Guizzo","year":"2005","unstructured":"E. Guizzo, H. Goldstein: The rise of the body bots [robotic exoskeletons], IEEE Spectrum 42(10), 50\u201356 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Spectrum"},{"issue":"12","key":"70_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1163\/156855307781746061","volume":"21","author":"K. Suzuki","year":"2007","unstructured":"K. Suzuki, G. Mito, H. Kawamoto, Y. Hasegawa, Y. Sankai: Intention-based walking support for paraplegia patients with robot suit HAL, Adv. Robotics 21(12), 1441\u20131469 (2007)","journal-title":"Adv. Robotics"},{"issue":"4","key":"70_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2004.832525","volume":"12","author":"K. Kiguchi","year":"2004","unstructured":"K. Kiguchi, T. Tanaka, T. Fukuda: Neuro-fuzzy control of a\u00a0robotic exoskeleton with EMG signals, IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 12(4), 481\u2013490 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"70_CR123","first-page":"3146","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA)","author":"K. Kiguchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"K. Kiguchi, M.H. Rahman, M. Sasaki: Neuro-fuzzy based motion control of a robotic exoskeleton: considering end-effector force vectors, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics Autom. (ICRA) (2006) pp. 3146\u20133151"},{"key":"70_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71364-7_5","volume":"31","author":"M. Bergamasco","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. Bergamasco, A. Frisoli, C. Avizzano: Exoskeletons as man-machine interface systems for teleoperation and interaction in virtual environments, Adv. Telerobotics 31, 61\u201376 (2007)","journal-title":"Adv. Telerobotics"},{"key":"70_CR125","volume-title":"Robust and Optimal Control","year":"1996","unstructured":"K. Zhou, J.C. Doyle, K. Glover (Eds.): Robust and Optimal Control (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River 1996)"}],"container-title":["Springer Handbooks","Springer Handbook of Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_70","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T06:20:32Z","timestamp":1660803632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_70"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9783319325507","9783319325521"],"references-count":125,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_70","relation":{},"ISSN":["2522-8692","2522-8706"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2522-8692","type":"print"},{"value":"2522-8706","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2016","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}